Chemistry. Monday, September 11 th Tuesday, September 12 th, 2017

Transcription

1 Chemistry Monday, September 11 th Tuesday, September 12 th, 2017

2 Do-Now Title: Bill Nye Clip 1. Write down today s FLT 1atm = 760mmHg = 760torr = 101,325Pa = kPa 2. What is STP? Include what it stands for as well as the actual values. 3. Convert 54.7 kpa to atm. Show all work and units. 4. Convert 7.1 torr to mmhg. Show all work and units. Finished? Take out your planner and table of contents.

3 Announcements Didn t turn in your lab? See me to pick up a missing assignment form - required Check your grades regularly Missing assignments turn into zeroes! L Study Ch notes for upcoming quiz Bring your calculators

4 Planner: Study for Ch. 13 Quiz Get stamps through #13 by the end of the week Table of Contents #1: 11. Bill Nye Clip WS 12. Ch. 13 CN Part B 13. States of Matter WS

5 Video Clip Watch the video clip Answer questions as you watch Noise level 0 Wait until after the clip is finished to ask your partner(s) questions

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7 FLT I will be able to describe the properties of liquids and solids by completing Ch. 13 Notes B Standard HS-PS1-4: Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorpqon of energy from a chemical reacqon system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

8 Notes Protocol Title your notes & add assignment # Complete Cornell-style Copy down all bolded ideas Noise level 0 Raise hand to question/comment Be prepared to pair-share-respond

9 Recall

10 States of Matter 3 states of marer: solid, liquid, and gas. All marer is made up of Qny parqcles

11 The Nature of Liquids

12 The Nature of Liquids Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume The molecules in liquids are always moving, so they have kinetic energy This allows them to take the shape of their container just like gases

13 Gas Particles vs. Liquid Particles Gas particles are different than liquid particles: 1. Liquid particles attract each other, but gas particles do not.

14 Gas Particles vs. Liquid Particles Gas particles are different than liquid particles: 2. Because of their attraction, liquid particles move but are closer together. Liquids have a definite volume

15 Gas Particles vs. Liquid Particles Gas particles are different than liquid particles: 3. Liquids are more dense than gases. Liquid molecules are more closely packed together.

16 Changing State Liquids can turn into gases and vice versa

17 Evaporation Vaporiza(on = liquid à gas/vapor

18 Evaporation Evapora(on = vaporiza(on at the surface of a liquid that is not boiling

19 Evaporation Liquids evaporate faster when heated because hea(ng increases the average kine(c energy of the parqcles in the liquid.

20 Vapor Pressure Vapor Pressure = pressure exerted by a vapor over a liquid Water vapor collects above the liquid and exerts pressure due to collisions

21 Boiling Point Remember: liquids are attracted to each other. They LIKE being close together. Adding heat adds energy so that particles can overcome the attractive forces and enter the gaseous state.

22 Boiling Point Boiling Point (bp) = temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the pressure of the gas above it The vapor has enough pressure to keep the gas bubbles from collapsing Molecules even at the bottom of the liquid have enough energy to vaporize, so they rise to the surface

23 Pair-Share-Respond 1. Identify two ways that liquids differ from gases 2. Distinguish between the terms vaporization and evaporation 3. Why does heating increase the rate of evaporation? 4. Define the term vapor pressure

24 The Nature of Solids

25 The Nature of Solids Solids have a definite shape and volume Solids à orderly arrangement, vibrate in fixed positions, and do not flow

26 Change of State Solids can turn into liquids and vice versa

27 Melting Point Melting point (mp) = temp at which solid à liquid = the same temp as the freezing point (liquid à solid) At the melting point, the vibrations are strong enough to overcome the attractions holding them in fixed positions.

28 Crystalline Structure Solid structures = Most are crystalline In a crystal the particles are arranged in an orderly, repeating, three-dimensional pattern called a crystal lattice.

29 Allotropes Allotropes = Some solid substances can exist in more than one form Ex. Allotropes of carbon (diamonds and graphite) Different structures give allotropes different properties

30 Pair-Share-Respond 1. Describe solids at the particulate level 2. What is an allotrope? 3. Most solids have a crystalline structure, but some are amorphous. What do you think amorphous might mean?

31 CW 1. Use your textbook and/or notes to complete the states of matter WS 2. Any work that needs to be stamped should be on the corner of your desk/ table with your stamp sheet 3. Study Ch. 13 à quiz next class

32 Chemistry Wednesday, September 13 th Thursday, September 14 th,, 2017

33 Do-Now Title: Ch. 13 Notes C 1. Write down today s FLT 2. List the three states of matter and list an example 3. Describe one property of each state underneath 4. is the change of a liquid into a vapor 5. Explain why changing the temperature can help speed up the process of evaporation. 6. We will take notes under our do-now. Draw or fold your column for cornell notes. Finished? Take out your planner and table of contents.

34 Announcements Clear missing assignments Bring class materials daily Reminder: Dojo Points 5 points: Treat, pen/pencil, calculator use (one-qme) 10 points: New periodic table/reference sheet 15 points: ToC stamp

35 Planner: Turn in Inquiry Activity Elements WS Read Table of Contents #1: 14. Ch. 13 CN Part C 15. Elements WS

36 FLT I will be able to identify the temperature and pressure conditions for states of matter by completing Ch. 13 Notes C Standard HS-PS1-4: Develop a model to illustrate that the release or absorpqon of energy from a chemical reacqon system depends upon the changes in total bond energy.

37 Notes Protocol Title your notes & add assignment # Complete Cornell-style Copy down all bolded ideas Noise level 0 Raise hand to question/comment Be prepared to pair-share-respond

38 Changes of State

39 Changes of State: Draw This

40 Changes of State Sublima(on = Direct change from solid to vapor (without passing through liquid phase)

41 Changes of State Sublimation can occur because solids and liquids have vapor pressure Sublimation occurs in solids with vapor pressures that exceed atmospheric pressure at or near room temperature.

42 Sublimation Applications: Freeze-dried goods, coolants, and air fresheners.

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44 Phase Diagrams Phase Diagram = Diagram that shows the relationships among solid, liquid, and vapor states of a substance

45 Phase Diagrams Shows the temperature and pressure at which substances exist at each state You can locate the normal melting point, normal boiling point, triple point, and critical point on the diagram

46 Phase Diagrams Triple Point = Set of conditions at which the three phases exist in equilibrium At the critical point, the physical properties of the liquid and gaseous states are identical

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48 That s it J

49 States of Matter Inquiry Mini- Lab

50 Problem Through a variety of different procedures, determine whether the unknown substance and water solution that the beaker contains is a solid or a liquid.

51 Problem Keep in mind the role of pressure and temperature throughout this activity.

52 Pre-Lab Questions We will work in groups of 2-3. It is important that we exhibit good laboratory safety behaviors and measurement skills. Answer questions 1-4 with your lab partner. Answer in complete sentences. When finished, get the front page stamped off.

53 Observations: Reminders Can be qualitative or quantitative Be detailed Observation: The solution looks blue Better: The solution is a transparent sky blue color with a few particles settled at the bottom of the beaker

54 Procedure 1. Use weigh boats to obtain 15 grams of the mystery substance into a plasqc cup/beaker. Write detailed observaqons of what you see and state whether they are solids or liquids in step #2. 2. Use a graduated cylinder to measure 12 ml of water and place into the beaker. DO NOT MIX. à Observe, and then use your hand to mix together. Make detailed observaqons about texture and consistency in data table (step #4) à Now follow steps #5-9 to finish your lab

55 Procedure 3. Tap the surface of the unknown substance with your finger FIRMLY. Fill out data table step #5. 4. SLOWLY submerge your finger into the soluqon. Fill out data table step #6. 5. Try grabbing about half of the soluqon with your hand and see how it reacts in your palm. Fill out data table #7.

56 Procedure 6. Scrape some of the substance wth your finger. Fill out data table #8. 7. Clean up dump out soluqons and rinse out bowls/containers. Wipe down tables and get your data table stamped by Ms. Fleming Finished? à Complete post-lab quesqons and turn in à Prepare for quiz