The Can Demonstration

Transcription

1 The Can Demonstration With your table, make a prediction as to what will happen to the can. Discuss why you think that the can imploded. What are some reasons? Do you think that the size of the can matters?

2 Answer the following with your group 1. What was the purpose the water that was added to the can? The water provides the vapor that forces the air out of the containers. 2. Which takes up more space?... Water as a liquid, or water as vapor? Water molecules in the form of vapor take up much more space. 3. As the can and that flask were inverted into the cold water, what happened to the steam inside those containers? The water molecules started to condense. They changed from vapor to liquid. 4. Why did the can collapse? It was crushed by the weight of the atmosphere. There was nothing inside to push against the atmosphere.

3 SPI States of Matter Learning Intention: Examine the particles (arrangement and motion) in four states of matter (solid, liquid, gas, and plasma). Purpose: to understand phase changes of matter. Success Criteria I will show that I understand this by passing the quiz with An 85 or higher. I Can Statement I can describe the arrangement and motion of particles in solids, liquids, gases, and plasma.

4 SPI States of Matter What are the 4 states of matter?

5 States of Matter Also called the four phases of matter (solid, liquid, gas, & plasma) They all consist of atoms. They all have volume, mass, and density. They all have heat energy. They all have kinetic energy (motion). Solid Liquid Gas

6 Solids Some heat energy (less than liquids and gases) Particle motion (kinetic energy): minor vibrations only Particle arrangement: closely packed together, rigidly aligned Does not take the shape of its container Example: Ice Solid Water (ice cube) Solid H 2 O

7 Liquids Moderate heat energy (more than solids but less than gases) Particle motion (kinetic energy): slide past each other, flowing Particle arrangement: somewhat closely packed, loosely aligned. Does take the shape of its container Example: Water Liquid Water Liquid H 2 O

8 Gases Lots of heat energy (more than solids and liquids) Particle Motion (kinetic energy): fast, spreads out quickly Particle Arrangement: no regular arrangement Does not have a defined shape Water Vapor (Steam) Example: Water Vapor (Steam) Gas H O

9 Plasma Very large amounts of heat energy (much more than reg. gases) Particle Motion (kinetic energy): very fast Particle Arrangement: no regular arrangement A.K.A. Super-heated gas Note: not the same as the blood ingredient called plasma Examples: Stars, fire, and lightning Stars Fire Lightning

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11 SPI States of Matter Make a prediction

12 SPI States of Matter Read the following pages in y our textbook (pages ). Once finished, define the following terms: 1. Temperature 2. Volume 3. Pressure 4. Boyle s Law 5. Charles Law

13 Temperature A measure of how fast the particles are moving in an object The higher the temperature, the faster the particles are moving Volume The amount of space that an object takes up The volume of gas depends on the container that it is in Pressure The amount of force exerted on a given area of surface The number of times the particles of gas hit the inside of the container

14 Boyle s Law States that for a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely related to the pressure. *what does inversely mean? Boyles law restated: As the pressure of the gas increases, the volume decreases by the same amount Peeps Storage Tank Watch the video and think about why this happens This happens when you do not properly vent a sealed storage tank before emptying it. Hot gas/air in the sealed container are left to cool. The air pressure difference inside is so great that the structure is compromised.

15 Real Life Examples of Boyles Law

16 Charles s Law Charles Law states that for a fixed amount of at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas changes in the same way that the temperature of the gas changes. Rephrased: If the temperature increases, the volume of the gas increases by the same amount. This law explains why hot-air balloons float

17 SPI States of Matter

18 Look back over your basketball/beach ball prediction. See if there are any changes to be made. Was your prediction correct?

19 Answer with your partner

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22 Changes in state of matter Before you read

23 Changes in state of matter Read pages

24 Particulate Nature of Matter and Changes of State

25 Vocabulary to Know You may use your textbook (pages ) to define the following. Put your answers in your journal in your notes section if they are not already there. You have 10 minutes. a) Exothermic b) Endothermic. c) Change of state d) Melting e) Evaporation f) Boiling g) Condensation h) Sublimation i) Freezing j) Vapor pressure

26 a) Exothermic Energy is removed b) Endothermic Energy is gained. c) Change of state A change in a substance going from on physical form to another Particles move differently depending on the state Ex: add energy to go from water to steam, but take away energy to go from liquid to solid d) Freezing Going from a liquid to a solid Exothermic e) Melting going from a solid to a liquid Endothermic

27 f) Boiling change of a liquid to a gas when the vapor Occurs when energy is added and the particles move faster. When they are fast enough, they move away from the other particles, they evaporate and become a gas Endothermic g) Evaporation going from a liquid to a gas. Occurs at the surface of a liquid Can occur below boiling point Endothermic h) Condensation going from a gas to liquid Exothermic i) Sublimation going from a solid to a gas Endothermic j) Vapor pressure the pressure inside the bubbles equals the pressure on the outside of the bubbles (atmospheric pressure)

28 Which diagram best shows the type of particle arrangement associated with a gas?

29 Diagrams of molecular arrangements are shown below. 60 The molecular arrangement of a solid is best represented in a) diagram 3. b) diagram 1. c) diagrams 1 and 2. d) diagrams 2 and 3.