Adsorption of congo red dye from aqueous solution onto a low-cost natural orange peel and groundnut shell powder

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Adsorption of congo red dye from aqueous solution onto a low-cost natural orange peel and groundnut shell powder"

Candace Benson
6 years ago
Views:

Availabl onlin at www.scholarsrsarchlibrary.com Scholars Rsarch Library Dr Pharmacia Lttr, 2015, 7 (12):332-337 (http://scholarsrsarchlibrary.com/archiv.

Saravanan School of Chmical & Biotchnology, SASTRA Univrsity, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India ABSTRACT Color componnts prsnt in wast watr ar hazardous to nvironmnt.

1 Availabl onlin at Scholars Rsarch Library Dr Pharmacia Lttr, 2015, 7 (12): ( ISSN USA CODEN: DPLEB4 Adsorption of congo rd dy from auous solution onto a low-cost natural orang pl and groundnut shll powdr A. Arumugam* and M. Saravanan School of Chmical & Biotchnology, SASTRA Univrsity, Thirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, India ABSTRACT Color componnts prsnt in wast watr ar hazardous to nvironmnt. Mor rsarch work is ndd to rmov th dy componnts prsnt in wastwatr. Th adsorbnts usd for th wast watr tratmnt should b cofrindly. So, Orang pl and Groundnut shll powdr ar usd as natural adsorbnts for th rmoval of Congo rd from auous solutions which is a carcinognic compound from txtil industry. Th ffcts of Contact tim, Initial dy concntration and Adsorbnt dosag ar studid in batch mod. At diffrnt adsorbnt dosags(0.5g/100ml,0.75 g/100ml,1.0 g/100ml,1.25g/100ml and 1.5 g/100ml) th concntrations of th dy solutions ar masurd at diffrnt contact tims (2hrs,4hrs,6hrs,24hrs and 30hrs) for diffrnt concntrations of dy(100ppm,150 ppm,200 ppm,250 ppm and 300ppm). Kintic Modling is prformd using diffrnt Kintic modls lik Psudo 1 st ordr modl, Psudo 2 nd ordr modl and Elovich modl. Kywords: Congo rd, Orang pl, Groundnut shll, Adsorption. INTRODUCTION In India thr ar many txtil industris and th production of cloth taks plac from both cotton and synthtic fibrs. Ths txtil industris ruir larg amount of watr for th procsss and so wast watr dischargd from industry will b pollutd. Th visibl pollution includs colour and this prsists in watr strams. Dys gnrally ar difficult to b dcolourisd whn it mixs with watr and ar hazardous [1]. Environmntal problms ar bing facd du to th rlas of ths dys in watr strams. Many of th dys ar toxic to humans also. Prsnc of dy in watr affcts auatic lif du to thir intns colour, so that rduction of sunlight transmission into watr taks plac [2]. Majority of th dys can b dtctd visually vn at th concntration of lss than 1 mg/l. Du to th complx aromatic structur, dys bcom mor stabl and lss biodgradabl. Th contaminants that com out from dying industry includ mainly suspndd solids, high in both BOD and COD, as wll as high ph and strong colouration [3]. Congo rd dy is a sodium salt of 3, 3`-([1,1`-biphnyl]-4,4`-diyl)bis(4-aminonapthaln-1-sulfonic acid) (formula: C 32 H 22 N 6 Na 2 O 6 S 2 ) and its molcular wight is g/mol [4]. Congo rd dy is watr solubl and ractiv dy usd in txtils and mdicin [5]. For rmoving dys from fflunts of industry, som biological and physical or chmical mthods hav bn usd such as coagulation, flocculation, ozonation, lctrochmical oxidation, mmbran sparation, microbial oxidation and combination tratmnt. Adsorption is on of th bst mthods mployd sinc it is simpl to dsign and inxpnsiv compard to othr mthods [6]. 332

2 Th groundnut blt in south India gnrats sizabl uantitis of crop rsidu that can b rcycld. Such rcycl hlps in improving soil frtility and productivity of crops. Groundnut shll contain sizabl amounts of organic compouds and othr nutrints [5]. Th groundnut haulms and husks contain on avrag 1-1.8% N, % P, % K. High amounts of NPK could b rcycld in to groundnut co systm through rsidus. Groundnut shll is rcycld to improv soil frtility, soil structur and its uality. Most importantly groundnut shlls inducd microbial population and nutrint transformations in soil. Groundnut shll can b usd for low strngth application in th building industry most likly as a particl board, roofing sht and panl board. This matrial is light in wight and rsistant to corrosion. Th addition of fillrs to th shll,.g. Wood dust or calcium carbonat would improv th composit adhsion; likwis rduction of high grams of Ura in th solution to appropriat ratio may improv adhsion gratly, hnc incrasing th strngth of th composit [7]. During th arid months th cattl graz on th dry grass. Thir dit includs various agricultural wasts including maiz and groundnut stovr. Millt straw is anothr typ that is usd for th purpos. Agricultural wasts ar givn to th livstock [8]. Orang pl is an dibl part of orang spcially whr thr is dmand for th nutrint and wast minimization. But highr concntration of psticids limits th consumption. Orang pl ssntially consists of low molcular wight hydrocarbons. Th functional groups attachd to ths hydrocarbons mak thm a viabl adsorbnt for colour rmoval in auous solutions. In th currnt study, Congo rd dy is adsorbd on orang pl and groundnut shll powdr (a low cost adsorbnt) was studid and kintic and mchanisms wr valuatd. MATERIALS AND METHODS Congo rd is purchasd from Himdia Laboratoris Pvt.Ltd (Chnnai, Tamilnadu, India). Groundnut was collctd from a local oil mill nar Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India. Orang pl was collctd from a fruit mart at Thanjavur, Tamilnadu, India. 1. METHODOLOGY 100ml of Congo rd dy solution of known concntration is prpard in 5 diffrnt conical flasks. Drid orang pls and groundnut shlls wr cut into small pics and diffrnt wights ranging from 0.5g to 1.5g ar placd in 5 diffrnt conical flasks. Conical flasks ar placd on a shakr. For vry 2 hours sampls from 5 diffrnt flasks ar collctd and ar cntrifugd at 8000 rpm for 5 minuts. Radings wr takn at rgular intrvals of tim. OD valus ar masurd using UV absorbanc of 500 nm. Th sam procdur is rpatd for diffrnt concntrations of dy. Various concntrations of th dy ar found from th standard chart. Th diffrnt concntrations don ar 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 ppm [10, 11]. 3.1 Adsorption isothrm and kintic studis Oftn th amount of adsorption is masurd as a function of concntration and th rsult xprssd as an adsorption isothrm. Thr ar many mpirical adsorption isothrms, but th most commonly usd ar th Langmuir and Frundlich adsorption isothrms [12].Th monolayr adsorption of adsorbat on adsorbnt is xplaind by Langmuir isothrm. Th procss of adsorption is not a function of adsorbd spcis on th narby sit. Langmuir isothrm: θ = =... (1) m bc 1+ bc C, uilibrium concntration of adsorbnt, amount adsorption at uilibrium. m, maximum adsorption capacity, b, uilibrium constant. Frundlich: = K f C n... (2) 333

3 K f and n ar Frundlich constants Following modls ar usd to fit th data obtaind from th adsorption of Congo dy on th orang pl and groundnut shll powdr. Lagrgrn proposd a modl for adsorption of oxalic acid on charcoal (liuid solid phass) by first ordr rat kintics givn in th uation 3 [13]. Psudo-scond ordr rat uation was givn by th En. 4 which is basd on th solut concntration and adsorption capacity. En.5 dscribs th Elovich s modl for th solid -solut adsorption [14]. Psudo first ordr rat uation: = log k / (3) ( ) ( )t log t 1 Whr t and (g/g) ar th amount adsorbd at tim t and at uilibrium, and k 1 (min -1 ) is th rat constant of th psudo first ordr adsorption procss Psudo scond-ordr kintics: t t h=k 2 2, 1 + h k 2 is rat constant Elovich s uation: d dt 1 t =... (4) α = a... (5) Whr, rprsnts th amount of solut adsorbd at tim t, a th dsorption constant, and α th initial rat of adsorption. Linar form: 2.3 = log t + t α 1 With t 0 = αa 2.3 α ( 0 ) log t 0 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Adsorption isothrms for th Congo rd onto orang pl and groundnut shll wr invstigatd. As shown in Fig.1, Langmuir typ isothrm is th bst fit for th adsorption bhaviour of Congo rd. max valus of 97 mg/g.l (b = 0.118) was obtaind for th adsorption of dy. For th dy adsorption on groundnut shll shown in Fig. 2, th adsorption data is fittd (n = 2.85 and K F = 0.006) and this shows that adsorption of Congo rd is htrognous (Frundlich isothrm) rathr than monolayr intraction [15]. Th adsorbnts usd in our study ar orang pl and groundnut shll powdr. Th dy that is targtd to rmov was th diazo anionic dy, th Congo Rd. Th adsorption procss must b ffctiv. This can b don by varying th paramtrs. Th initial valu must b brought down to prmissibl limits bfor discharging into th nvironmnt [16]. Th modls that ar usd wr psudo first ordr modl, psudo scond ordr modl and Elovich modl. From th Tabl.1 and Tabl. 2 Elovich modl can b usd to dscrib th sorption procss satisfactorily. R 2 valus for all th modls for diffrnt concntrations of th dy and diffrnt adsorbnt dosags ar calculatd. It can b concludd that this modl suits wll for th givn data. For adsorption using orang pl, Elovich modl suits bst and adsorption using groundnut shll, again Elovich modl suits bst. W hav obtaind maximum R 2 valus for th Elovich modl for diffrnt concntrations for both th adsorbnts, orang pl and groundnut shll powdr. Thrfor w can say that adsorption mchanism suits bst for th Elovich modl. 334

4 Tabl.1. Comparison of R 2 valus from diffrnt modls for orang pl Concntration(ppm) Dosag(g) Psudo 2nd ordr modl Elovinch modl Psudo 1 st ordr modl Tabl.2. Comparison of r 2 valus from diffrnt modls for groundnut shll Concntration(ppm) Dosag(g) Psudo 2nd ordr modl Elovich modl Psudo 1st ordr modl

5 C/ (mg/g.l) m = mg/g.l b= R² = C (mg/l) Figur.1. Langmuir plots for th adsorption of congo rd onto orang pl ln () n= 2.85 K f = R² = ln (C) Figur.2. Frundlich plots for th adsorption of Congo rd onto groundnut shll 336

6 CONCLUSION Th intractions involvd in this xprimnt obys surfac phnomnon. Th intraction is btwn thr componnts. Th raction is involvd btwn th adsorbnt, adsorbat and th solvnt. Th major contribution is du to th intraction affinity btwn th adsorbnt and adsorbat of th systm. Th rsults of this study indicat that orang pl and groundnut shll powdr is a naturally abundant adsorbnt which can b succssfully usd as a sourc for th rmoval of Congo rd auous solutions. Th bhaviour of orang pl and groundnut shll powdr in th adsorption of th Congo rd show that th xprimntal rsults wr wll fittd with th Langmuir isothrm and Frundlich isothrm. REFERENCES [1] Ysilada O, Cing S, Asma D. Biorsour.Tchnol., 2002, 81, [2] Gian Gupta and Norca Torrs, J. Hazard.matr, 1998, 57, [3] Capalash N, Sharma P. J. Microb. 1992, 8, [4] Bhattacharyya KG, Sharma A. J. Environ. Manag. 2004, 71, [5] Sharma YC, Upadhyay UM, God F. J. Appl.Sci. 2009, 4(1), [6] Arumugam A, Ponnusami V., Indian J. Chm. Tchnol, 2013, 20, [7] Bhattacharya AK, Mandal SN, Das SK. Chm. Eng. J. 2006, 123, [8] Habib A, Islam N, Islam A, Alam AM., Pak. J. Anal. Environ. Chm. 2007, 8(1), [9] Dmirbas E, Nas MZ., Ds. 2009, 243(1), [10] Arumugam A, Ponnusami V., Braz.J.Chm.Eng, 2013, 30, [11] Ozsoy HD, Kumbur H., J. Hazard.matr. 2006, 136, [12] Sonawan S, Chaudhari P, Ghodk S, Phadtar S, Mshram S. Ind. Rsarch. 2009, 68, [13] Tuzn M, Sarı A, Mndil D, t al.,j. Hazard.matr. 2009, 165, [14] Arumugam A, Ponnusami V., Pollut. Rs, , [15] Surchi KM. Int. J.Chm 2011, 3(3), [16] Kumar T, Kumar A, Mandal S, Kumar S. J. Hazard.matr. 2009, 163,

ROLE OF SAWDUST IN THE REMOVAL OF IRON FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION

AJSTD Vol. 23 Issu 3 pp. 223-229 (2006) ROLE OF SAWDUST IN THE REMOVAL OF IRON FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION H.B. Snin *, O. Subhi, R. Rosliza, N. Kancono, M.S. Azhar, S. Hasiah, and W.B. Wan Nik Faculty of Scinc