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1 Elctronic Supplmntary Matrial (ESI) for RSC Advancs. This journal is Th Royal Socity of Chmistry 2015 Elctronic Supplmntary Information (ESI) Bouqut-lik calcium sulfat dihydrat: a highly fficint adsorbnt for Congo rd dy Xin-Jian Jia, Jinshu Wang,* Junshu Wu, Yuchng Du, Bingxin Zhao and Danil dn Englsn Ky Laboratory of Advancd Functional Matrials of Ministry of Education, Collg of Matrials Scinc and Enginring, Bijing Univrsity of Tchnology, Bijing , China wangjshu@bjut.du.cn Tl./Fax:

2 Eq. S1. Equation for rmoval fficincy (R ) of dy onto adsorbnt. C0-C R = C 0 t 100% C 0 (mg/l) is th initial concntration of dy solution; C t (mg/l) is th dy concntration at tim t. Eq. S2. Equation for dsorption capacity (q, mg/g) of dy onto adsorbnt at quilibrium. C0-C q= m V C (mg/l) is th quilibrium concntration of dy solution; m (g) is th mass of adsorbnt; and V (L) is th volum of solution. Eq. S3. Equation for adsorption quantity (q t, mg/g) of dy onto adsorbnt at tim t. C0-Ct qt= V m Eq. S4. Equation for Langmuir modl. C C = + 1 q q q k max max L In this modl, q max (mg/g) and k L (L/mg) ar Langmuir isothrm constants rprsnting th maximum adsorbd quantity and a function of th fr nrgy of adsorption rspctivly. Eq. S5. Equation for sparation factor R L. R L 1 = 1+ k C L 0 Eq. S6. Equation for Frundlich modl.

3 1 ln q= ln kf+ ln C n In this modl, k F ((mg/g)(l/mg) 1/n ) and n ar Frundlich isothrm cofficints, which ar rlatd to th adsorption capability and th adsorption intnsity, rspctivly. Eq. S7. Equation for D R modl. ln q ln q m -k D ε 2 In this modl, q m (mg/g) and k D (mol 2 /kj 2 ) ar th D R isothrm constants rlatd to th maximum adsorption quantity and th man adsorption fr nrgy, rspctivly. Eq. S8. Equation for Polanyi potntial ε. ε RT ln 1 1 C In this modl, R (8.314 J/mol/K) is th molar gas constant and T is th absolut tmpratur xprssd in K. Eq. S9. Equation for man adsorption fr nrgy. E 1 2 k D Eq. S10. Equation for Tmkin modl. q RT b ln k T RT ln C b In this modl, b (qual to - H, kj/mol) dnots th adsorption hat, and k T (L/mg) is th Tmkin isothrm constant. Eq. S11. Equation for Gibb s fr nrgy G 0. 0 G = RT ln Kq In this quation, R (8.314 J/mol/K) is th molar gas constant, T is th absolut tmpratur xprssd in K, and K q (L/g) is th distribution cofficint of adsorbnt

4 that quals to q /C. Eq. S12. Equation for lnkq. S ln Kq= R 0 H RT 0 Eq. S13. Equation for psudo-first-ordr kintic modl. log( q q ) log q t k1 t In this modl, k 1 (1/min) rprsnts th kintic rat constant of psudo-first-ordr adsorption. Eq. S14. Equation for psudo-scond-ordr kintic modl. t q t 1 k q q t In this modl, k 2 (g/(mg min)) dnots th rat constant of th psudo-scond-ordr adsorption. Eq. S15. Equation for Elovich kintic modl. 1 1 q t ln( ) ln t In this modl, α (mg/(g min)) rfrs to th initial adsorption rat, and β (g/mg) rprsnts th Elovich dsorption constant. Eq. S16. Equation for intra-particl diffusion modl. q t k id t 0.5 C i In this modl, k id (mg/(g min 1/2 )) dnots th kintic rat constant of intra-particl diffusion at stag i, and C i is a constant, th valu of which dirctly affcts th boundary layr thicknss of molcular diffusion.

5 Fig. S1. SEM imag of CSD formd from CaCl 2 and KAl(SO 4 ) 2 12H 2 O in 0.05% CMC solution.

6 Fig. S2. SEM imag of CSD formd from CaCl 2 and KAl(SO 4 ) 2 12H 2 O in 0.20% CMC solution.

7 Fig. S3. SEM imag of CSD formd from CaCl 2 and KAl(SO 4 ) 2 12H 2 O in 0.40% CMC solution.

8 (a) (b) (c) (d) Fig. S4. itrogn adsorption-dsorption isothrms and BET curvs of (a, c) BCSD and (b, d) LCSD obtaind at 77 K.

9 Fig. S5. Structur of CSD in (020) plan.

10 Fig. S6. Structur of CSD in (021) plan.

11 Fig. S7. Structur of CSD in (041) plan.

12 Tabl S1. Th structurs and maximum absorption wavlngths of thr organic dys. Dy Structur λ max (nm) Oa O S O Congo rd H 2 H O S O Oa Rhodamin B C O OH Cl 554 O Mthyl Orang H 3 C H 3 C O S O Oa 464

13 Tabl S2. Th adsorption isothrm paramtrs for adsorption of CR onto BCSD and LCSD with four diffrnt modls. Isothrm modls/paramtrs LCSD BCSD Langmuir q max (mg/g) k L (L/mg) R R L Frundilich k F ((mg/g)(l/mg) 1/n ) n R D-L q m (mg/g) k D (mol 2 /kj 2 ) 4.57 x x 10-5 E (kj/mol) R Tmkin k T (L/mg) b (kj/mol) R

14 Tabl S3. Comparison of adsorption capabilitis of BCSD with othr adsorbnts for CR. Adsorbnts q max (mg/g) Rfrncs Maghmit nanoparticls [9] Surfactant-modifid zolits [10] MgAl 2 O 4 spinl [21] Graphn oxid/chitosan/silica [32] Amphiprotic cotton fibr [34] Activatd carbon fibrs 512 [36] Polypyrrol-polyanilin nanofibrs [40] Magntic F 3 O [44] K 1.33 Mn 8 O 6 nanowirs [45] BCSD This study

15 Tabl S4. Th thrmodynamic paramtrs for adsorption of CR onto BCSD and LCSD. Sampls H 0, kj/mol S 0, G 0, kj/mol J/(mol K) 20 C 25 C 30 C 35 C 40 C BCSD LCSD R 2

16 Tabl S5. Th kintic paramtrs for adsorption of CR onto BCSD and LCSD with four diffrnt modls. Kintic modls/paramtrs LCSD BCSD Psudo-first-ordr q (xp) (mg/g) q (cal) (mg/g) k 1 (1/min) R Psudo-scond-ordr q (cal) (mg/g) k 2 (g/(mg min)) R Elovich α (mg/(g min)) β (g/mg) R Intra-particl diffusion k 1d (mg/(g min 1/2 ) C (R 1 ) K 2d (mg/(g min 1/2 ) C (R 2 ) K 3d (mg/(g min 1/2 ) C (R 3 )