Chemistry in Action. Gr. 10 Work Booklet. Name:

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Chemistry in Action. Gr. 10 Work Booklet. Name:"

Claire Welch
6 years ago
Views:

1 Chemistry in Action Gr. 10 Work Booklet Name:

2 Determining the Number of Subatomic Particles Element name Chemical symbol # protons # neutrons # electrons atomic number atomic mass Ca 9 19 Li K 19 helium Ar magnesium O 8 Be 9 Cl sulphur

3 Answer the following questions: Draw Bohr diagrams for the following: Na: Fluorine: Based on the Bohr diagrams above, identify the number of electrons on their outer shell. a. Na electrons b. F electrons If sodium and fluorine forms a bond, explain how the electrons would be transferred. (ie. Which atom will accept or donate electrons) How many Sodium atoms do you need to bond with 1 fluorine atom? Na with F or (write the element s symbol) CONGRATULATIONS You have just made a chemical compound! 2. Draw Bohr diagrams for the following: Mg b. Sulfur 2. Based on the Bohr diagrams above, identify the number of electrons on their outer shell. a. Mg electrons b. S electrons 2. If magnesium and sulfur forms a bond, explain how the electrons would be transferred. (ie. Which atom will accept or donate electrons) How many Magnesium atoms do you need to bond with 1 Sulfur atom? Mg with S or (write the element s symbol) CONGRATULATIONS You have just formed a chemical compound!

Draw Bohr diagrams for the following: Boron: Chlorine: 3. Based on the Bohr diagrams above, identify the number of electrons on their outer shell. a. Boron electrons b. Cl electrons 3.

4 Draw Bohr diagrams for the following: Boron: Chlorine: 3. Based on the Bohr diagrams above, identify the number of electrons on their outer shell. a. Boron electrons b. Cl electrons 3. If boron and chlorine forms a bond, explain how the electrons would be transferred. (ie. Which atom will accept or donate electrons) How many Chlorine atoms do you need to bond with 1 boron atom? B with Cl or (write the element s symbol) CONGRATULATIONS You have just made a chemical compound! 2. Draw Bohr diagrams for the following: Be Phosphorous 2. Based on the Bohr diagrams above, identify the number of electrons on their outer shell. a. Be electrons b. P electrons 2. If Beryllium and Phosphorus forms a bond, explain how the electrons would be transferred. (ie. Which atom will accept or donate electrons) How many Beryllium atoms do you need in order to bond with Phosphorus atoms? Be with P or (write the element s symbol) CONGRATULATIONS You have just formed a chemical compound!

5 By using the chemical family and the number of electrons on the outer most shell, predict how the following elements will bond: Identify the number of electrons on their outer shell. a. Ca electrons b. O electrons 2. If Calcium and Oxygen forms a bond, explain how the electrons would be transferred. (ie. Which atom will accept or donate electrons) How many Calcium atoms do you need in order to bond with Oxygen atoms? Ca atoms with O atoms or (write the element s symbol) Identify the number of electrons on their outer shell. a. Select any alkaline earth metal:. It has electrons on its outer most shell b. Select any halogen:. It has electrons on its outer most shell. 2. If Your alkaline earth metal and your halogen forms a bond, explain how the electrons would be transferred. (ie. Which atom will accept or donate electrons) How many Alkaline earth metal atoms do you need in order to bond with your Halogen element? Identify the number of electrons on their outer shell. a. Select any Alkali metal:. It has electrons on its outer most shell b. Select any Family 5:. It has electrons on its outer most shell. 2. If Your alkali metal and your Family 5 forms a bond, explain how the electrons would be transferred. (ie. Which atom will accept or donate electrons) How many Alkali metal atoms do you need in order to bond with your Family 5 element?

6 Interpreting Chemical Formulas Name of Formula of Compound Molecule Elements Present How many atoms of each? Total # of atoms in compound Water Carbon Monoxide H 2 O CO Carbon dioxide CO 2 Propane C 3 H 8 Glucose C 6 H 12 O 6 Sulfuric acid H 2 SO 4 Caffeine C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 Tylenol (Acetaminophen) C 8 H 9 NO 2 Naming Covalent Molecules BBr 3 C 2 Br 6 IO 2 CH 4 N 2 O 3 P 2 O 5 SiO 2 B 2 H 4 PBr 3 B 2 F 6

7 Write the formulae for the following covalent compounds: nitrogen tribromide sulfur hexachloride dinitrogen trioxide silicon tetrafluoride arsenic pentafluoride tetraphosphorus trisulfide tetraphosphorus triselenide disilicon hexabromide diselenium diiodide tetrasulfur dinitride Naming Ionic Compounds Name 1. MgBr 2 2. KCl 3. FeCl 2 4. CrF 2 5. Al 2 S 3 6. PbO 7. TiI 4 8. Co 3 N 2 9. Mg 3 P 2

8 Mixed naming some are covalent, some are ionic. Check for the type of bonds first 1) NaBr 2) CaS 3) P 2 O 5 4) Na 2 S 5) Fe 2 O 3 6) K 3 N 7) SO 2 8) KCl 9) PBr 3 10) V 2 S 3 Combining and forming compounds from elements - How do we form compounds such as Sodium Chloride (table salt)? Calcium chloride (used to melt ice in the winter)? - The combination of atoms gives rise to molecules or compounds. - Compounds are NOT elements but rather the combination of elements. - Compounds are formed based on the number of electrons on the element s outer most shell. - Recall: Family Electrons on outer most shell Will likely to gain / lose electrons? Alkali 1 Lose 1 Alkaline earth metals 2 Lose 2 Family 3 3 Lose 3 Chalcogen (family 6) 6 Gain 2 Halogens (family 7) 7 Gain 2 Noble gases (family 8) 0 Does nothing - In order to form compounds, the electrons must be either completely lost or completely filled (8 electrons on its outer shell) Having a complete shell will cause stability (won t form new bonds) Draw Bohr model for Magnesium and chloride: We need two chlorine atoms for 1 magnesium atom.

9 How do we write chemical formulas? MgCl 2 Lithium and oxygen Subscript 2 represents 2 chlorine atoms Metals listed Non- Metals first (Positive) listed second (Positive) Create the following compound by drawing out the Bohr model and then writing out the chemical formula: Calcium and Bromine Potassium and sulfur Aluminum and phosphorus

10 Boron and oxygen Aluminum and Fluorine 1. A new element has been discovered and you know it is an alkali metal: a. Predict whether it will be a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature. b. Predict the number of electrons in its outer orbit. 2. A new element has been discovered and all you know is that it is a halogen a. Predict the state at room temperature of this new halogen. b. Predict the number of electrons in its outer orbit. 4. A new element has been discovered and you know that there are 6 electrons on its outside shell. a. Which family should the element belong to? b. Would this element be a metal, metalloid or non- metal? Why? 5. Draw Bohr models for the first two alkali metals, the first two halogens, and the first two noble gases.

11 6. Use your understanding of mass number to calculate the values for the blank spaces in the table below. Place the proper symbol for the elements in the brackets: Lithium( ) Chlorine( ) Copper( ) Silver( ) Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Mass Number Short Review An atom of gold has an atomic number of 79 and an atomic mass of 197amu. a. How many protons are there in one atom of gold? b. How many electrons are there in one atom of gold? c. How many neutrons are there in one atom of gold? d. How many protons are there in 10 atoms of gold? Forming your own compounds: 1. Write the chemical formula for each of the following: a. Combining Hydrogen with Bromine: b. Combining Magnesium with Chlorine: c. Combining Calcium with Oxygen: d. Combining Rb with Po: e. Combining Al with Se:

12 f. Combining K with S: g. Combining Boron with Sulfur: h. Combining any alkaline earth metal with any chalcogen: i. Combining any family 13 with any chalcogen: 2. Determine if the following are an element or a molecule: Name Compound or element Elements that are present Air Gas inside helium balloons Nitrogen Dry ice (solid carbon dioxide) 3. In respect to the number of electrons, explain why alkali metals combine with halogens in a 1 to 1 ratio? 4. Explain why you must need two halogens to combine with 1 alkaline earth metal?

13 5. Calculate the number of neutrons for the following: a. Ne b. As c. Cr d. Fe 6. You have discovered an element that is malleable, solid at room temperature, and has a slight shine. The element is found to have combined with chlorine. Classify this element into the proper family. 7. You have discovered an element that can pass electricity with no shine, and is extremely brittle. Which major group would you classify this element?

14 Balancing Equations Assignment Balance the following equations 1 mark each Must be completely correct to receive full 1 mark 1) AlBr 3 + K à KBr + Al 2) FeO + PdF 2 à FeF 2 + PdO 3) P 4 + Br 2 à PBr 3 4) LiCl + Br 2 à LiBr + Cl 2 5) PbBr 2 + HCl à HBr + PbCl 2 6) CoBr 3 + CaSO 4 à CaBr 2 + Co 2 (SO 4 ) 3 7) Na 3 P + CaF 2 à NaF + Ca 3 P 2 8) Mn + HI à H 2 + MnI 3 9) Li 3 PO 4 + NaBr à Na 3 PO 4 + LiBr 10) CaF 2 + Li 2 SO 4 à CaSO 4 + LiF 11) HBr + Mg(OH) 2 à MgBr 2 + H 2 O 12) LiNO 3 + CaBr 2 à Ca(NO 3 ) 2 + LiBr 13) AgNO 3 + Li à LiNO 3 + Ag 14) Si(OH) 4 + NaBr à SiBr 4 + NaOH 15) NaCN + CuCO 3 à Na 2 CO 3 + Cu(CN) 2

15 Change the following word chemical name to symbolic name 1. Calcium chloride: 2. Magnesium Fluoride: 3. Nitrogen trioxide: 4. Sodium Bromide: 5. Calcium acetate: 6. Copper(II) sulfate: Write formulas for compounds formed from the following sets of ions. a. Li 1+ and Cl 1- b. Ca 2+ and O 2- c. Na 1+ and S 2- d. Al 3+ and I 1- e. Ba 2+ and F 1- Name and identify the type of bond 1. FePO 4 Type: 2. K 3 N Type: 3. SO 2 Type: 4. NaBr Type: 5. Ca(C 2 H 3 O 2 ) 2 Type: 6. P 2 O 5 Type: 7. Ti(SO 4 ) 2 Type:

16 Identify AND balance the types of reactions in the following list: 1. NaCl + BeF > NaF + BeCl 2 Type: 2. FeCl 3 + Be 3 (PO 4 ) > BeCl 2 + FePO 4 Type: 3. CH 4 + O > CO 2 + H 2 O Type: 4. Mg + Mn 2 O > MgO + Mn Type: 5. NaCl + BeF > NaF + BeCl 2 Type: 6. S 8 + O > SO 2 Type:

Changing chemical names equations to symbolic equations 1. Write out the chemical formulas 2. Balance the reaction 3. Identify the type of reaction 1. iron + sulfur iron(ii) sulfide 2.

17 Changing chemical names equations to symbolic equations 1. Write out the chemical formulas 2. Balance the reaction 3. Identify the type of reaction 1. iron + sulfur iron(ii) sulfide 2. calcium + oxygen gas calcium oxide The following element must have TWO if they are alone: H O F Br I N Cl Ex. H 2, O 2, F 2, Br 2, I 2, N 2, Cl 2 3. calcium oxide + carbon dioxide calcium carbonate 4. copper(ii) oxide copper + oxygen gas 5. water hydrogen gas + oxygen gas 6. potassium + water potassium hydroxide + hydrogen gas

18 Predicting your products 1) Fluorine reacts with iron (III) bromide in a single displacement reaction 2) The decomposition of sodium fluoride in a decomposition reaction 3) Sodium iodide reacts with cesium in a single displacement reaction 4) The combination of hydrogen gas and chlorine gas in a synthesis reaction

1. Naming and Writing Formulas 2. Writing Chemical Equations 3. Balancing Reactions

Chemistry 11 Stoichiometry I Name: Date: Block: 1. Naming and Writing Formulas 2. Writing Chemical Equations 3. Balancing Reactions Naming and Writing Formulas Key Points for naming ionic compounds: Cations