1. Naming and Writing Formulas 2. Writing Chemical Equations 3. Balancing Reactions
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1 Chemistry 11 Stoichiometry I Name: Date: Block: 1. Naming and Writing Formulas 2. Writing Chemical Equations 3. Balancing Reactions Naming and Writing Formulas Key Points for naming ionic compounds: Cations (metals) are positively charged and are written first Anions (non-metals) are negatively charged and are written last o Change the ending of the anion to ide Don t forget: When naming compounds that have multivalent ions, use roman numerals o Example: iron (III) oxide Name the following ionic compounds: 1) NaBr 2) CaO 3) CuS 4) MgBr 2 5) Be(OH) 2 Write the formulas for the following ionic compounds: 6) potassium iodide 7) tin (IV) oxide 8) aluminum chloride 9) sodium nitrate 10) calcium carbonate 11) lithium sulfate 12) beryllium phosphide 13) magnesium hydroxide 14) sodium phosphate 15) aluminum carbonate 16) nickel (II) chloride 17) sodium cyanide 18) aluminum oxide 19) magnesium acetate 20) ammonium chloride
2 Key Points for naming covalent compounds: Covalent compounds form between two non-metals (anions) Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms o Change the ending of the 2 nd non-metal to ide o Exception: don t use mono- for the first atom Exceptions: water (H 2O), ammonia (NH 3), methane (CH 4) Write the names of the following covalent compounds: Prefixes 1 Mono 2 Di 3 Tri 4 Tetra 5 Penta 6 Hexa 7 Hepta 8 Octa 21) SO 3 22) N 2S 23) PH 3 24) BF 3 25) P 2Br 4 26) CO 27) SiO 2 28) SF 6 29) NH 3 30) NO 2 Write the formulas of the following covalent compounds: 31) nitrogen trichloride 32) disilicon hexaiodide 33) dinitrogen trioxide 34) phosphorus pentafluoride 35) methane 36) sulfur dibromide 37) diboron tetrahydride 38) oxygen difluoride 39) carbon disulfide 40) nitrogen monoxide
3 Reaction Types Synthesis General Formula: A + B à AB When elements are by themselves, they are neutral H 2 N 2 O 2 F 2 Cl 2 Br 2 I 2 P 4 S 8 When they partner up and form a molecule, you need to remember their charge! H 2 + O 2 à H 2O Al + O 2 à Al 2O 3 Single Replacement General Formula: AB + C à AC + B <OR> AB + D à DB + A C = will form a negative charge D = will form a positive charge The incoming element s charge is important because it determines whether A or B is replaced When they partner up and form a molecule, you need to remember their charge! NaCl + I 2 à NaI + Cl 2 NaCl + Li à LiCl + Na Neutralization General Formula: Acid + Base à Salt + Water Acid = Usually starts with H (ex. HCl, H 2SO 4, H 3PO 4) Base = Ends with OH (ex. NaOH, Ca(OH) 2) Products are always a salt (has a positive and negative ion) and water It is essentially a double replacement HCl + NaOH à NaCl + H 2O H 2SO 4 + LiOH à Li 2SO 4 + H 2O Decomposition General Formula: AB à A + B Breaks down into its elements When elements are by themselves, they are neutral H 2 N 2 O 2 F 2 Cl 2 Br 2 I 2 P 4 S 8 When they partner up and form a molecule, you need to remember their charge! Al 2O 3 à Al + O 2 FeSO 4 à Fe + S 8 + O 2 Double Replacement General Formula: AB + CD à AD + CB The ions switch partners! The positive ion is written first! When they partner up and form a molecule, you need to remember their charge! PbCl 2 + KNO 3 à Pb(NO 3) 2 + KCl LiOH + KMnO 4 à LiMnO 4 + KOH Combustion General Formula: HYDROCARBON + O 2 à H 2O + CO 2 Hydrocarbon = contains carbon and hydrogen and sometimes oxygen Key word: BURN à means to react with oxygen! Products are always carbon dioxide (CO 2) and water (H 2O) C 2H 6 + O 2 à CO 2 + H 2O CH 4 + O 2 à CO 2 + H 2O
4 Writing Chemical Equations Write the type chemical reaction on the line synthesis, decomposition, combustion, single replacement, or double replacement. It is not necessary to balance the equations. KClO 3 à KCl + O 2 KBr + F 2 à KF + Br 2 S 8 + F 2 à SF 6 Na 2SO 4 + Pb(NO 3) 2 à NaNO 3 + PbSO 4 C 3H 8 + O 2 à CO 2 + H 2O Zn + HCl à ZnCl 2 + H 2 FeCl 3 + Na 2CO 3 à Fe 2(CO 3) 3 + NaCl Na + H 2O à NaOH + H 2 C 2H 6 + O 2 à CO 2 + H 2O HgO à Hg + O 2 Balancing Reactions Methods: 1. Inspection Quick & easy; good for simple equations 2. Algebraic Longer & more involved; good for equations that cannot be solved by inspection Steps: C 4H 10 + O 2 à CO 2 + H 2O 1. Place coefficients in front of each molecule in the equation (w, x, y, z) x C 4H 10 + y O 2 à z CO 2 + w H 2O 2. For each atom, write out an equation using the unknowns For carbon: 4x = z For hydrogen: 10x = 2w For oxygen: 2y = 2z + w 3. Let one of your coefficients be equal to 1, and solve for the remaining coefficients Balance these equations! 1) AlBr 3 + K à KBr + Al Let x =1 If x=1, z=4, w=5 and y=6.5 Can t have 0.5 s, so multiply everything by 2 2 C 4H O 2 à 8 CO H 2O 2) FeO + PdF 2 à FeF 2 + PdO
5 3) P 4 + Br 2 à PBr 3 4) LiCl + Br 2 à LiBr + Cl 2 5) PbBr 2 + HCl à HBr + PbCl 2 6) CoBr 3 + CaSO 4 à CaBr 2 + Co 2(SO 4) 3 7) Na 3P + CaF 2 à NaF + Ca 3P 2 8) Mn + HI à H 2 + MnI 3 9) Li 3PO 4 + NaBr à Na 3PO 4 + LiBr 10) CaF 2 + Li 2SO 4 à CaSO 4 + LiF 11) HBr + Mg(OH) 2 à MgBr 2 + H 2O 12) LiNO 3 + CaBr 2 à Ca(NO 3) 2 + LiBr 13) AgNO 3 + Li à LiNO 3 + Ag 14) Si(OH) 4 + NaBr à SiBr 4 + NaOH 15) NaCN + CuCO 3 à Na 2CO 3 + Cu(CN) 2 Predict the products for the following reactions. Then balance the reactions. NaCl à CuF 2 + Mg à Lithium + oxygen à
6 SrCl 2 + Pb(NO 3) 2 à Na 3PO 4 + MgI 2 à Aluminum oxide à C 4H 10 + O 2 à Tin + gold (III) nitrate à Mg + P 4 à Glycerine (C 3H 8O 3) + oxygen à Ca(OH) 2 + H 2SO 4 à Nitrogen + oxygen à Barium hydroxide + lead (IV) bromide à
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