Phenols, Ethers, and Organic Sulfur Compound
|
|
- Aldous Porter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Phenols, Ethers, and rganic Sulfur Compound
2 Phenols - Structure General Structure - A hydroxy () group attached directly to an aromatic ring: Phenol α-naphthol β-naphthol Note: C2 is not a phenol.
3 Phenols - Nomenclature Phenols are named as aromatic compounds, using the ortho-, meta-, and para- prefixes or appropriate numbering. 1 N nitrophenol or ortho-nitrophenol Cl 3-chlorophenol or meta-chlorophenol C3 4-methylphenol or para-methylphenol 1 Br 1 2,4-dibromophenol Br 2 Cl Br 4-bromo-2-chloro-5-isopropyl-phenol
4 Phenols - Physical Properties Low Melting Solids Soluble in Nonpolar Solvents Also, Quite soluble in Water Name Phenol Catechol Resorcinol M.P ºC 105 ºC 110 ºC Solubility 8.3 g/100ml 43 g/100ml 110 g/100ml in water
5 Phenols - Acidity In water, phenol dissociates slightly as a weak acid. (Another name for phenol itself is carbolic acid ) _ Acid Base Base Acid
6 Phenols - Acidity
7 Phenols - Acidity ow acidic is Phenol? pka = A general measure of acidity. The lower the pka, the stronger the acid. Compound pka nonacids weak acids strong acids Methanol 16 Water 15.7 Phenol 9.9 Acetic Acid 4.8 Phosphoric Acid -2.1 ydrochloric Acid -7
8 Acidity of Alcohols
9 Phenols - Chemical Properties Acid-Base Reactions - Na + + Na + Phenol Sodium phenoxide
10 6. Complete the following reaction and name the organic reactant and product. Na+ Na + 2 N 2 N 2 C 3 C 3 4-methyl-3-nitro phenol C763NNa sodium 4-methyl-3-nitro phenoxide
11 7. Review: What structural feature is present in some alcohols which enables the molecules to undergo intramolecular dehydration? C C 8. Review: What structural feature is present in some alcohols which enables the molecules to undergo oxidation? C 9. Review: What structural feature is present in alcohols which enables the molecules to undergo a reaction with sodium (Na) metal? C 10. Review: What structural feature is present in a specific class of alcohols which enables the molecule to undergo a reaction with aqueous Na?
12 Phenols - Chemical Properties Acid-Base Reactions - Na + + Na + xidation- Reduction Reactions Phenol XIDATIN Sodium phenoxide + 2. ydroquinone REDUCTIN Paraquinone
13 Phenols - Examples of Important Compounds C2C2C2C2C2C3 o-phenyl phenol 4-hexylresorcinol C 3 butylated hydroxy anisole (BA) C3 butylated hydroxy toluene (BT)
14 Structure of Ethers
15 Structure of Ethers
16 Chemical Properties of Alcohols Intermolecular Dehydration Reactions C C + + C C C C C C C26 C26 C molecules of ethanol and on two different molecules The reaction is run under different conditions than the intramolecular dehydration. diethyl ether Also called condensation or dehydration synthesis - an extremely important reaction in biochemistry.
17 Nomenclature of Ethers Common Nomenclature For simple carbon groups, the two groups attached to the ether oxygen are named as alkyl groups and ether is added to the name. 3 C C 3 3 C C 3 ethyl methyl ether diethyl ether 3 C ethyl phenyl ether
18 Nomenclature of Ethers IUPAC System Shorter carbon chains are named as alkoxy- groups. Br C 3 F Cl C C 3 3 C 1-chloro-3-methoxypentane 2-bromo-4-ethoxy-1-fluorobenzene
19 Nomenclature of Ethers A compound may contain two functional groups, in which case priorities are assigned.
20 Important Anaesthetics
21 Physical Properties of Ethers Boiling points of ethers increase with molecular weight and decrease with increased branching
22 Physical Properties of Ethers Attractive forces between ether molecules include only dispersion forces making their boiling points similar to alkanes of similar molecular weight. 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 3 C 2 C 2 C C 3 2 C C 3 2 C C 3 2 C C 3 2 C C 3 C 3 C 3 C 3 C 3 C 3 exane, boiling point 69 C Butyl methyl ether, boiling point 71 C 3 C 3 C 3 C 3 C 3 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 2 C 1-Pentanol, boiling point 138 C
23 As a general rule, one polar atom (,N) can solubilize four to six carbon atoms.
24 rganic Sulfur Compounds Structures R-S- Thiols (Mercaptans) R-S-R Thioethers (Sulfides) R-S-S-R (Disulfides) Nomenclature C3-S- C3-S-C3 C3-S-S-C3 Mercaptan (Methanethiol) Dimethyl Sulfide (Dimethyl Thioether) Dimethyl disulfide Physical Properties Distinct odors and flavors Lower boiling points than alcohols (Why?) Weak Acids: Phenols > Thiols > Alcohols
25 rganic Sulfur Compounds Chemical Properties Thiols are easily oxidized to disulfides and Disulfides are easily reduced to thiols. This reaction takes place within large protein structures: -S S- xidation Reduction S S
26 rganic Sulfur Compounds Chemical Properties Mercaptans = Mercury capturing R-S R-S g 2+ g R-S R-S Process is called chelation
27 Where Do We Find Thiols??
28 Where Do We Find Disulfides??
29 Stereochemistry - Review of Isomerism Isomers Structural Isomers Stereoisomers
30 Stereochemistry - Review of Isomerism Isomers Structural Isomers Stereoisomers Cis-trans Isomers Isomers with chiral centers
31 Stereochemistry - andedness in Everyday bjects We can imagine the mirror image of an object. In some cases, the mirror image and the original object are identical. In some cases, the mirror image and the original object are not identical.
32 Stereochemistry - andedness in Everyday bjects
33 Stereochemistry - andedness in rganic Compounds Enantiomers - compounds that have the following characteristics: 1) Molecules of two compounds are mirror images of each other. 2) Molecules of two compounds are nonsuperimposable. The characteristics of enantiomers are often the result of a single chiral carbon atom.
34 Stereochemistry All tetrahedral carbons are not chiral.
35 Stereochemistry - A Chiral Tetrahedral Carbon 1, 2, 3, and 4 must be different groups. What are different groups?
36 Stereochemistry - Examples of Enantiomers bromochlorofluoromethane
37 Stereochemistry - Examples of Enantiomers 2-bromobutane
38 Stereochemistry - Examples of Enantiomers L-carvone D-carvone
39 a) Cl C Cl C Br Br Cl C C b) c) C3C2C2CClC3 3 C C C 3 Cl d) C C C C e) C3C2CC2C3 3 C C C 3 f) C C C C C C g) C C C N2
Chemistry 110. Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell. Ninth Edition
Chemistry 110 Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell Ninth Edition Introduction to General, rganic and Biochemistry Chapter 14 Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols Alcohols have a ydroxyl Group, -, bonded to tetrahedral
More informationChem 261 Dec 6, 2017
209 Chem 261 Dec 6, 2017 REVIEW: Example: K!! + 3 C + 3 C K tert-butoxide (an alkoxide) methanol tert-butanol pka = 16 pka = 19 methoxide stronger base stronger acid (lower pka, more acidic) weaker acid
More informationAlkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes
Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes Hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons generally fall into 2 general groupings, aliphatic hydrocarbons and aromatic hydrocarbons. Aliphatic hydrocarbons contain chains and rings of hydrocarbons,
More informationChapter 13. Organic Chemistry-Part 2
Chapter 13 rganic Chemistry-Part 2 13.4 Aromatic Compounds Aromatic ydrocarbons Benzene (C66) was discovered in 1825, but a partially correct structure was not proposed until 1865 by August Kekule. The
More informationAlcohols and Phenols. Classification of Alcohols. Learning Check. Lecture 4 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols. Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
Lecture 4 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols Alcohols and Phenols An alcohol contains A hydroxyl group ( ) attached to a carbon chain. A phenol contains A hydroxyl group ( ) attached
More informationChapter 08 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols
Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols Chapter 08 Alcohols, Ethers, and Thiols CEM 240: Fall 2016 Prof. Greg Cook 2 Alcohol Nomenclature - common imple alcohols are often named using common naming (functional class)
More informationChapter 23 Phenols CH. 23. Nomenclature. The OH group takes precedence as the parent phenol.
CH. 23 Chapter 23 Phenols Nomenclature The OH group takes precedence as the parent phenol. Carboxyl and acyl groups take precedence over the OH group. The OH group is a strong electron-donating group through
More informationHydrocarbons and their Functional Groups
Hydrocarbons and their Functional Groups Organic chemistry is the study of compounds in which carbon is the principal element. carbon atoms form four bonds long chains, rings, spheres, sheets, and tubes
More informationEthers & Epoxides. Chapter 5. Dr. Seham ALTERARY. Chem 340-2nd semester
Ethers & Epoxides Chapter 5 Dr. Seham ALTERARY Chapter s out line Ethers Definition; General formula; Classification and Types Nomenclature - Common Names. - IUPAC Naming. Physical Properties General methods
More informationChapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The
More informationCHEM 261 Dec 4, 2017
200 CEM 261 Dec 4, 2017 REVIEW: 1. N 3 2 S 4 1. 2 Al 3 N 2 2. 2 Al 3 2. N 3 2 S 4 N 2 I II For the left hand reaction, I - to create a meta positioned, the first molecule to be subsituted should be N 2,
More information10) The common name of CH 3CH2OH is A) wood alcohol. B) grain alcohol. C) antifreeze. D) rubbing alcohol. E) glycerol.
1) Compounds with the -OH group attached to a saturated alkane-like carbon are known as A) alcohols. B) phenols. C) ethers. D) alkyl halides. E) hydroxyls. ) Compounds with an oxygen atom bonded to two
More informationHW #3: 14.26, 14.28, 14.30, 14.32, 14.36, 14.42, 14.46, 14.52, 14.56, Alcohols, Ethers and Thiols
Chemistry 131 Lecture 8: Alcohols, Ethers and Sulfur Analogs: Structure, Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Chemical Reactivity Chapter 14 in McMurry, Ballantine, et. al. 7 th edition HW #3: 14.26,
More informationSTEREOCHEMISTRY A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO:
A STUDENT SHOULD BE ABLE TO: STEREOCHEMISTRY 1. Determine the relationship between two given structures (which may be any of the kinds below). Also, define the following terms, and give examples of pairs
More informationChapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols 45 -Alcohols have the general formula R-OH and are characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl group, -OH. -Phenols have a hydroxyl group attached directly to an
More informationChapter 14 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers
Chapter 14 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers Homework- 8, 12, 20, 34, 36, 42, 46, 58, 74, 96 14.1 Bonding Characteristics of Oxygen Atoms in Organic Compounds Already seen that Carbon forms 4 bonds and Hydrogen
More informationUNIT (8) OXYGEN CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
UNIT (8) OXYGEN CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS 8.1 Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers An alcohol is an organic compound that contains the hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to an alkyl group. They are essentially
More informationAlcohols, Phenols, and Thiols
7 Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols hapter Summary The functional group of alcohols and phenols is the hydroxyl group. In alcohols, this group is connected to an aliphatic carbon, whereas in phenols, it is
More informationOH OH OH CH 2 CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 (a) CH 3 CHCH 2 CHCH(CH 3 ) 2. (b)
hem 226 Problem Set #8 Fundamentals of rganic hemistry, 4 th edition, John McMurry. hapter 8 1. Give IUPA names for the following alcohols. 2 2 ( 3 ) 2 3 2 ( 3 ) 2 Longest chain = 6 carbons:...hexanediol.
More informationChemistry 1506: Allied Health Chemistry 2. Section 3: Alchols, Phenols, Ethers, and Halides. Functional Groups with Single Bonds to Oxygen.
Chemistry 1506 Dr. Hunter s Class Section 3 Notes - Page 1/21 Chemistry 1506: Allied Health Chemistry 2 Section 3: Alchols, Phenols, Ethers, and Halides Functional Groups with Single Bonds to Oxygen Outline
More informationChapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry
Chapter 3. Organic Compounds: Alkanes and Their Stereochemistry Functional Group: Be able to identify and name any of the functional groups listed on Table 3.1, pages 76-77. Summary of important functional
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL HOMEWORK SOLUTIONS WEEK 10
SUPPLEMENTAL OMEWORK SOLUTIONS WEEK 10 Assignment for Tuesday, March 21 st 9.105 a) ombustion reactions require oxygen (in addition to the hydrocarbon). b) The products are O 2 and 2 O (carbon dioxide
More informationIntroduction to Organic Chemistry. Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.
Introduction to Organic Chemistry Copyright The McGraw-ill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 Common Elements in Organic Compounds 2 Classification of ydrocarbons ydrocarbons
More informationUnless otherwise stated, all images in this file have been reproduced from:
Unless otherwise stated, all images in this file have been reproduced from: Blackman, Bottle, Schmid, Mocerino and Wille, hemistry, 2007 (John Wiley) ISBN: 9 78047081 0866 1 hemistry 1B EM1002 Lecture
More informationFunctional Groups SCH4C
Functional Groups With the huge number of organic compounds in existence, it would be very difficult for you to memorize the properties of each compound separately. Fortunately the compounds fall into
More informationUnit 2 Review: Organic Chemistry. 1. Terms for which you should be able to write or apply the definitions:
Unit 2 Review: Organic Chemistry 1. Terms for which you should be able to write or apply the definitions: organic compound aliphatic hydrocarbons saturated miscible functional group aromatic hydrocarbons
More informationOrganic Chemistry II KEY March 27, Which of the following reaction intermediates will form the fastest in the reaction below?
rganic Chemistry II KEY March 27, 2013 Exam 2: VERSI D 1. Which of the following reaction intermediates will form the fastest in the reaction below? C 1 equiv a 2 a) IV b) III c) II d) II & III e) I I.
More informationTopic 3 Alcohols and Ethers
3-1 Topic 3 Alcohols and Ethers 11.1 3-2 Alcohols and Ethers alcohol Examples: ' ether 3C C3 ( )-Menthol Vanillin Anethole (from peppermint) (from vanilla beans) (from fennel) n Poly(phenyl ether) (PPE)
More informationAssignment Isomers, Nomenclature, Polymers
Assignment Isomers, Nomenclature, Polymers Anne-Marie Guirguis K /20 T /26 A /20 C /11 Total St. Francis Xavier SCH4U1 April 14 2017 Multiple Choice [Knowledge 20] Select the letter of the best answer
More informationIUPAC Nomenclature Chem12A, Organic Chemistry I
IUPAC Nomenclature ChemA, rganic Chemistry I IUPAC PEFIXES Prefix Substituent Group Number of Carbons meth- methyl eth- ethyl prop- propyl but- butyl pent- pentyl hex- hexyl hept- heptyl 7 oct- octyl 8
More informationOrganic and Biochemical Molecules. 1. Compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons.
Organic and Biochemical Molecules 1. Compounds composed of carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. 2. A compound is said to be saturated if it contains only singly bonded carbons. Such hydrocarbons
More informationChem Fall 2015 Exam II
Key Name hem 150 - Fall 2015 Exam II 1. Label each of the carbon and nitrogen atoms in the molecule shown below as have having either a tetrahedral (Tet), trigonal planar () or linear (Lin) geometry. 3
More informationIsomerism CH 4 C 2 H 6 C 3 H 8 C 4 H 10 C 5 H 12. Constitutional isomers...
Isomerism 4 2 6 3 8 4 10 5 12 onstitutional isomers... 3 8 Positional isomers... Functional isomers... ow many constitutional isomers are there for the formula 4 8? arbon atoms are often classified as
More informationChapter 23 Aldehydes and Ketones
Chapter 23 Aldehydes and Ketones Ketones are common solvents for quickdrying paints. Introduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 10e John Wiley & Sons, Inc Morris Hein, Scott Pattison, and Susan
More informationSummary Chapter General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith
Summary Chapter 11-12 General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith Organic Chem Review: Valence Electrons Example: Determine the valence electrons of Selenium (Se): 1. Find Se on the
More informationDepartmental Final Examination. Organic Chemistry I Caffein
Departmental Final Examination rganic Chemistry I 2423 Caffein Name CEMISTRY 2423 FINAL EXAM FALL, 2005 DIRECTINS: A periodic table is attached at the end of this exam. Please answer all questions as completely
More informationBRCC CHM 102 Class Notes Chapter 11 Page 1 of 9
BRCC CHM 102 Class Notes Chapter 11 Page 1 of 9 Chapter 11 Alkanes and Cycloalkanes hydrocarbons compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen * 4 families: 1) alkanes only single bonds (includes cycloalkanes)
More informationCHEM 261 HOME WORK Lecture Topics: MODULE 1: The Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure Text Sections (N0 1.9, 9-11) Homework: Chapter 1:
CHEM 261 HOME WORK Lecture Topics: MODULE 1: The Basics: Bonding and Molecular Structure Atomic Structure - Valence Electrons Chemical Bonds: The Octet Rule - Ionic bond - Covalent bond How to write Lewis
More informationChapter 16. Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides. Class Notes. 2. Epoxides: cyclic ethers, 3-membered rings. 1. Symmetrical and unsymmetrical (mixed) ethers
Chapter 16 Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides Chapter 16 suggested problems: 21, 25, 26, 31, 32, 33 Class Notes I. Nomenclature of ethers, epoxides, and sulfides A. General B. Ethers 1. Ethers: C-O-C 2. Epoxides:
More informationQuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry. QuickTime and a are needed to see this picture.
QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. Organic Chemistry Has
More informationChemistry 11 Hydrocarbon Alkane Notes. In this unit, we will be primarily focusing on the chemistry of carbon compounds, also known as.
1 Chemistry 11 Hydrocarbon Alkane Notes In this unit, we will be primarily focusing on the chemistry of carbon compounds, also known as. Why is organic chemistry so important? Many of the compounds that
More informationOrganic Chemistry II KEY March 27, 2013
rganic Chemistry II KEY March 27, 2013 Exam 2: VERSI C 1. Rank the dienophiles from most reactive to least reactive in the Diels Alder reaction (most>least) E I II III IV > II > III > IV b) III > I > II
More informationChapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chapter 25 Organic and Biological Chemistry Organic Chemistry The chemistry of carbon compounds. Carbon has the ability to form long chains. Without this property, large biomolecules such as proteins,
More informationTime Allowed: 60 minutes MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC AND BIOCHEMISTRY QUIZ 5 Time Allowed: 60 minutes MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) What is the IUPAC name
More informationwater methanol dimethyl ether Ether can only act as a hydrogen bond acceptor H-bond acceptor O R
Chapter 14: Ethers and Epoxides; Thiols and Sulfides 14.1 Introduction to Ethers An ether group is an oxygen atom that is bonded to two carbons. The ether carbons can be part of alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups.
More informationChapter 4. An Introduction to Organic Compounds
Chapter 4 An Introduction to Organic Compounds Chapter 4 Educational Goals 1. Given the formula of a molecule, the student will be able to draw the line bond structure. 2. Understand and construct condensed
More informationALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS
ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS ALCOHOLS AND PHENOLS Alcohols contain an OH group connected to a a saturated C (sp3) They are important solvents and synthesis intermediates Phenols contain an OH group connected to
More informationSuggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises Topic 8 Unit 30
Suggested answers to in-text activities and unit-end exercises In-text activities Checkpoint (page 60) 1 Any two of the following: 2 a) A 2-bromo-2-methylpropane B 1-bromobutane b) 3 4 a) position isomers
More informationCh12. Functional Groups. Building new utility onto carbon skeletons. With small groups of atoms, featuring oxygen & sulfur. version 1.
Ch12 Functional Groups Building new utility onto carbon skeletons. With small groups of atoms, featuring oxygen & sulfur. version 1.0 Nick DeMello, PhD. 2007-2015 Ch12 Functional Groups What is a functional
More informationBENZENE & AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
BENZENE & AROMATIC COMPOUNDS Dr. Zainab M Almarhoon 2 Learning Objectives By the end of chapter four the students will: Understand the resonance description of structure of benzene Understand the hybridization
More information14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Chapter 14 Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Copyright 2007 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes A carbonyl group and
More informationLearning Guide for Chapter 14 - Alcohols (I)
Learning Guide for Chapter 14 - Alcohols (I) I. Introduction to Alcohols and Thiols II. Acid/base Behavior of Alcohols, Phenols, and Thiols III. Nomenclature of Alcohols IV. Synthesis of Alcohols Previous
More informationAlkanes 3/27/17. Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only. Aliphatic (means fat ) - Open chain Aromatic - ring. Alkane Alkene Alkyne
Alkanes EQ 1. How will I define Hydrocarbons? 2. Compare and contrast the 3 types of hydrocarbons (Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes). Hydrocarbons: Compounds made of hydrogen and carbon only. Aliphatic (means
More informationIntroduction to Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, Ethers, Thiols, and Sulfides
8 Introduction to Alkyl alides, Alcohols, Ethers, Thiols, and Sulfides Solutions to In-Text Problems 8.1 (b) exyl iodide is a primary alkyl halide. (d) Tert-butyl chloride is a tertiary alkyl halide. 8.2
More informationChemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes
Chemistry 20 Chapters 2 Alkanes ydrocarbons: a large family of organic compounds and they contain only carbon and hydrogen. ydrocarbons are divided into two groups: 1. Saturated hydrocarbon: a hydrocarbon
More informationChapter 14 Organic Compounds That Contain Oxygen, Halogen, or Sulfur
Chapter 14 Organic Compounds That Contain Oxygen, Halogen, or Sulfur Based on Material Prepared by Andrea D. Leonard University of Louisiana at Lafayette Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission
More informationChapter 2 Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules. Advanced Bonding: Review
hapter 2 Structure and Properties of Organic Molecules hemistry 231 Organic hemistry I Fall 2007 Advanced Bonding: Review Atomic Quantum Mechanics cannot explain how molecules like 4 form: Valence Bond
More informationAtomic Properties of Carbon
Organic Compounds Atomic Properties of Carbon Organic molecules have structural complexity and chemical diversity. Carbon can lose 4 electrons and have the same electronic configuration as He. OR Carbon
More informationChapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols
Chapter 7: Alcohols, Phenols and Thiols Nomenclature of Alcohols In the IUPAC system, the hydroxyl group in alcohols is indicated by the ending ol. In common names, the separate word alcohol is placed
More informationSynthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water.
Synthesis and Structure of Alcohols Alcohols can be considered organic analogues of water. Alcohols are usually classified as primary, secondary and tertiary. Alcohols with the hydroxyl bound directly
More informationChemistry 110. Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell. Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry Chapter 12 Alkenes & Alkynes.
Chemistry 110 Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell Ninth Edition Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry Chapter 12 Alkenes & Alkynes Chapter 12 Alkenes are hydrocarbons which have one or more
More informationChemistry 110 Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell Ninth Edition Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry Chapter 12 Alkenes & Alkynes
Chemistry 110 Bettelheim, Brown, Campbell & Farrell Ninth Edition Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry Chapter 12 Alkenes & Alkynes Chapter 12 Alkenes are hydrocarbons which have one or more
More informationOCH 2 CH 3. A) 2-chlorohexyl ethanoate C) ethyl 2-chlorohexanoate B) 1-chlorohexyl ethanoate D) ethyl 1-chlorohexanoate
(2 points each) Write your answer in the box to the right of the question. 1. A mixture of 1-hexanol and hexanoic acid in diethyl ether is shaken with an aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution. Which line
More informationLoudon Chapter 8 Review: Alkyl Halides, Alcohols, etc. Jacquie Richardson, CU Boulder Last updated 8/24/2017
In this chapter, we look at a lot of non-hydrocarbon functional groups. These first three alkyl halides, alcohols, and thiols are all functional groups with only one bond to the rest of the molecule. They
More informationChapter 21: Hydrocarbons Section 21.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
Section 21.1 Introduction to Hydrocarbons Section 1 Objectives: Explain the terms organic compound and organic chemistry. Section 21.2 Alkanes Chapter 21: Hydrocarbons Section 21.3 Alkenes and Alkynes
More informationINTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: ALKANES
P a g e 1 Chapter 12 INTRODUCTION TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY: ALKANES Organic chemistry: The study of carbon compounds. Carbon is tetravalent; it always forms four bonds. Organic molecules have covalent bonds.
More informationCHEM 2312 practice final. Version - II
EM 2312 practice final Version - II The following standardized final examination covers the entire introductory year of organic chemistry (EM 2311 and 2312 at Georgia Tech). The exam consists of 70 multiple
More informationHalo Alkanes and Halo Arenes
alo Alkanes and alo Arenes Short Answer Questions: **1. Write the isomers of the compound having formula C 4 9 Br? Sol. There are five isomers of C 4 9 Br. These are: 2-bromobutane is expected to exhibit
More information1. Which compound would you expect to have the lowest boiling point? A) NH 2 B) NH 2
MULTIPLE CICE QUESTINS Topic: Intermolecular forces 1. Which compound would you expect to have the lowest boiling point? A) N 2 B) N 2 C) N D) E) N Ans: : N 2 D Topic: Molecular geometry, dipole moment
More informationChemistry 262 Homework 2 Part II Winter 2018
Chemistry 262 Homework 2 Part II Winter 2018 The following homework covers Chapter 10 in Loudon & Parise s Organic Chemistry, 6 th ed. and contains 24 questions, valued at 0.3333 point each, as well as
More informationCh 18 Ethers and Epoxides
Ch 18 Ethers and Epoxides Ethers (R-O-R ) are compounds with two organic groups attached to an sp 3 oxygen. Epoxides are cyclic ethers where the sp 3 O is a part of a 3-membered ring. Thiols (R-S-H ) and
More informationOrganic Chemistry. Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon.
Organic Chemistry Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry is the chemistry of compounds containing carbon. In this chapter we will discuss the structural features of organic molecules, nomenclature, and a
More informationAlcohols. Contents. Structure. structure
Page 1 of 9 Alcohols Contents structure Physical Properties Classification of Alcohols Nomenclature of Alcohols Preparation of Alcohols Oxidation of Alcohols oxidation of aldehydes Structure Alcohols can
More informationClassifying Hydrocarbons
Classifying Hydrocarbons alkanes- single C-C bonds, if all C s have H s attached, molecules are called saturated hydrocarbons alkenes- have one or more C=C double bonds alkynes- have one or more CΞC triple
More informationPHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY EXAM #1 Februrary 21, 2008
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY EXAM #1 Februrary 21, 2008 1 Name SECTION B. Answer each question in this section by writing the letter corresponding to the best answer on the line provided (2 points each; 60
More informationCH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH
03SEP 18:00 19:00 ORGANIC MOLECULES STUDY NOTES ORGANIC MOLECULES Important features of Carbon Carbon has a valency of 4 (can form 4 bonds), and has 4 valence electrons (outermost energy level). Carbon
More informationCHEM 263 Oct 11, Lecture Outline 3: Alcohols, Ethers, Stereochemistry, Ketones, and Aldehydes. Ethanol
CEM 263 ct 11, 2016 Lecture utline 3: Alcohols, Ethers, Stereochemistry, Ketones, and Aldehydes Nomenclature of Alcohols Alcohols are compounds that have a hydroxyl group (-) bonded to a carbon atom (but
More informationChemistry 3719, Fall 2003 Exam 1 Name:
Chemistry 3719, Fall 2003 Exam 1 Name: This exam is worth 100 points out of a total of 600 points for Chemistry 3719/3719L. You have 50 minutes to complete the exam and you may use molecular models as
More informationORGANIC - CLUTCH CH ALCOHOLS, ETHERS, EPOXIDES AND THIOLS
!! www.clutchprep.com CONCEPT: ALCOHOL NOMENCLATURE Glycols: Alcohols with two hydroxyls are called ; with three hydroxyls are called Always give most priority to the OH group. EXAMPLE: Provide the correct
More informationLecture 10. More Aromatics. February 18, Chemistry 328N
Lecture 10 More Aromatics February 18, 2016 eterocyclic Aromatic Compounds N N O S Pyridine Pyrrole Furan Thiophene ückel and Pyridine ückel and Pyrrole uckel and Furan Recognizing Aromatic Compounds Be
More informationUnit 5: Organic Chemistry
Unit 5: Organic Chemistry Organic chemistry: discipline in chemistry focussing strictly on the study of hydrocarbons compounds made up of carbon & hydrogen Organic compounds can contain other elements
More informationAlcohols, Ethers and Epoxides. Chapter Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry
Alcohols, Ethers and Epoxides Chapter 17-18 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John McMurry 1 Introduction Structure and Bonding Alcohols contain a hydroxy group (OH) bonded to an sp 3 hybridized carbon. 2
More informationUnsaturated hydrocarbons. Chapter 13
Unsaturated hydrocarbons Chapter 13 Unsaturated hydrocarbons Hydrocarbons which contain at least one C-C multiple (double or triple) bond. The multiple bond is a site for chemical reactions in these molecules.
More informationCl Cl CH 2 OH H 3 C CH 2 CH 3 H. cis-1-(bromomethyl)-2-(2-chloroethyl)cyclobutane. Meso-1,2,3,4,butanetetraol (show as a Fischer projection)
Page 1 2. 12 Points. (a) Name or write a structure for the following compounds (IUPAC nomenclature). Be sure to pay attention to stereochemistry! Note that most of these questions are taken directly from
More informationDetailed Course Content
Detailed Course Content Chapter 1: Carbon Compounds and Chemical Bonds The Structural Theory of Organic Chemistry 4 Chemical Bonds: The Octet Rule 6 Lewis Structures 8 Formal Charge 11 Resonance 14 Quantum
More informationCarbonyl Group in Aldehydes and Ketones
Lecture 4: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Chiral Molecules 14.1 Aldehydes and Ketones Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes and Ketones A carbonyl group (C=) In an aldehyde is attached to at least one atom. In a ketone
More information1) (100 pts) 5) (20 pts) 3) (35 pts) 4) (25pts. Total (200 pts) More Tutorial at
Name: Perm number: Question 1) (100 pts) 2) (20 pts) 3) (35 pts) 4) (25pts 5) (20 pts) Total (200 pts) Your score 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers
More informationCHEM Lecture 7
CEM 494 Special Topics in Chemistry Illinois at Chicago CEM 494 - Lecture 7 Prof. Duncan Wardrop ctober 22, 2012 CEM 494 Special Topics in Chemistry Illinois at Chicago Preparation of Alkenes Elimination
More informationQ.8. Isomers are the compounds that must have same
Choose the single correct answer for each of the following questions: (1 Mark each). Q. 1. ow many lone pairs are present in C 3 --C 3 i) 3 ii) 2 iii) 1 iv) 4 Q.2. When any hydrocarbon is added to water,
More informationChapter 21. Phenols and Aryl Halides. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution. Ch. 21-1
Chapter 21 Phenols and Aryl alides Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution Ch. 21-1 1. Structure and Nomenclature of Phenols Phenol 1-Naphthol (α-naphthol) 9-Phenanthrol Ch. 21-2 1A. Nomenclature of Phenols
More informationOrganic Chemistry Ch. 21 Notes:
C h e m 1 B O r g a n i c C h e m i s t r y P a g e 1 Organic Chemistry Ch. 21 Notes: Homework: Read Chapter 21, Chapter 21 problems: 35, 37, 43, 45, 53, 57, 59, 67, 73, 77, 91, 95, 99 Check MasteringChemistry
More information1. What are the respective hybridizations of the atoms numbered 1 to 4 in this compound?
CEM 331: Chapter 1/2: Structures (Atoms, Molecules, Bonding) 1. What are the respective hybridizations of the atoms numbered 1 to 4 in this compound? N C 2 C N C 2 C N 1 2 3 4 1: three sigma bonds and
More informationLecture 12 (2/17/17) Phenols. Chapter 18 in Loudon, M.; Parise, J. Organic Chemistry, 6th Ed. W. H. Freeman: New York, NY, 2016
J. G. Rudick CHE 322: rganic Chemistry IIA Lecture 12 (2/17/17) Phenols Chapter 18 in Loudon, M.; Parise, J. rganic Chemistry, 6th Ed. W. H. Freeman: New York, NY, 2016 Prof. Jon Rudick ffice Hours: CHEM
More informationAll Classes of Organic Compounds
Amines All Classes of Organic Compounds ydrocarbons Functionalized ydrocarbons F,Cl,Br O,S, Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Aromatics alides -O- -S- -- Alcohols Phenols Ethers Thiols Dissulfides Amines O C O C
More informationClass XII Chapter 11 Alcohols Phenols and Ethers Chemistry. Question 11.1: Write IUPAC names of the following compounds: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi)
Question 11.1: Write IUPAC names of the following compounds: (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii) Page 1 of 37 (ix) (x) (xi) (xii) 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentan-3-ol 5-Ethylheptane-2, 4-diol (iii) Butane-2, 3-diol
More informationChapter 2: An Introduction to Organic Compounds
Chapter : An Introduction to Organic Compounds I. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS: Functional groups with similar structure/reactivity may be "grouped" together. A. Functional Groups With Carbon-Carbon Multiple Bonds.
More informationFinal Exam Professor R. Hoenigman
I pledge to uphold the CU onor Code: CEM 3311-100 Spring 2007 Final Exam Professor R. oenigman Signature Name (printed) Last four digits of your student ID number Recitation TA Recitation number, day,
More informationChemistry M11 Spring 2010 Examination #3 ANSWER KEY pp. 1
Chemistry M11 Spring 2010 Examination #3 ASWER KEY pp. 1 or Questions 1 2, consider the hydrogenation of trans-3-methyl-2-pentene in the presence of a transition metal catalyst. 1. C Determine the major
More informationThe following exam contains 30 questions valued at 3 point/question and bonus opportunities. Name:
Chemistry 261 Exam 3 all 2017 The following exam contains 30 questions valued at 3 point/question and bonus opportunities Name: ELECTROPILIC ADDITION REACTIONS BASIC REACTION OUTCOMES 1. Addition of hydrogen
More information1. Name the following compound. Use the IUPAC system and include the stereochemical designations.
Chemistry 51 Exam 1, Summer 2004 This is a closed book exam. The exam lasts 100 minutes. All answers must appear on the answer sheet. Only the answer sheet will be collected. Put your name on the answer
More information