NESHAMINY SCHOOL DISTRICT LANGHORNE, PENNSYLVANIA HONORS CHEMISTRY II

Transcription

1 NESHAMINY SCHOOL DISTRICT LANGHORNE, PENNSYLVANIA HONORS CHEMISTRY II COURSE OF STUDY Prepared by: Michael Hoy

2 COURSE OF STUDY: HONORS CHEMISTRY II COURSE LENGTH: One Year UNIT VALUE: One credit REVISION DATE March 2005 ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT THE COURSE CONTENT ANSWERS: Why is the ability to do, and the understanding of, Scientific Inquiry important? How do matter/energy relationships affect everyday life? Why is the understanding of atomic structure, chemical bonding and molecular geometry important? Why is the study of solutions both liquid and gaseous important? How does the study of Thermodynamics affect consumer choices which influence environmental and global issues? How are the kinetics and equilibrium of chemical systems affected by technology? Why is the understanding of the nature and properties of acids and bases important? PENNSYLVANIA STANDARDS STUDENTS WILL ACHIEVE IN THIS COURSE: 3.1 a-e; 3.2 a-d; 3.4 a,b; 3.7 b; 3.8 a-c; 4.3 a,b STANDARD: Students will be proficient in using the scientific method as a tool for continued learning. Student Learning Standards/Indicators 1.1 Students will make observations, use laboratory equipment, analyze and interpret data and communicate results. 1.2 Students will pose questions, plan investigations and complete activities to determine unknown concentrations of mixtures. Essential Content, Skills, Knowledge 1 Laboratory Safety A. Goggles B. Eyewash Station C. Fire Extinguisher and Blanket D. Fume Hood E. Clean up Kits and dustpan F. Proper handling of all chemicals, glassware and equipment G. Hand washing 2 Materials and Apparatus A. Centogram Balance B. Essential glassware C. Thermometer D. Barometer E. Bunsen Burner F. Spectroscope Equipment G. Calculator based labs H. Spatulas and Tringles Suggested Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies 1 Two period lab activities 2 Formal Lab reports each week 3 Teacher directed discussion 4 Student designed laboratory investigations 5 Lab procedure sheets 6 Manual and computer generated graphs 7 Cooperative brainstorming Laboratory Exercise using NaCl and NaHCO3 Problems employing simultaneous equations and the Law of Conservation of Mass.

3 COURSE OF STUDY: HONORS CHEMISTRY II STANDARD: Students will be proficient in using the scientific method as a tool for continued learning. Student Learning Standards/Indicators 1.3 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the uncertainty associated with measurement and the impact this has on lab determined versus accepted values. 1.4 Students will demonstrate knowledge of the safety precautions required for lab activities. 1.5 Students will utilize both direct and indirect observations with deductive reasoning to explain phenomena. 1.6 Students will demonstrate an understanding of error associated with lab activities and suggest ways to mitigate. Essential Content, Skills, Knowledge 3 Required Lab Activities A. Density/Buoyancy B. Gravimetric Analysis and Standard Deviation C. Thermochemistry D. Stoichiometry E. Charles Law F. Clausius-Clapyron G. Kinetics and Equilibrium H. Unknown percent composition I. Weak Acid Lab Ka J. Molar Volume of Oxygen gas K. Qualitative Analysis L. Order of the Reaction M. Molecualr Weight by Freezing Point Suggested Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies Learn about statistical evaluation of data a. Mean, Median and Mode b. Standard Deviation Additional Labs Alum Heat of Formation LeChatelier Formula of a Hydrate Titration Slightly soluble salt Percent Composition KCl,NaCl Types of solution Heat of Fusion Solubility Empirical formula Bonding

4 COURSE OF STUDY: HONORS CHEMISTRY II STANDARD # Students will be proficient in using the scientific method as a tool for continued learning. Assessment for Course Standards Materials/Technology for Course Standards Formal lab reports with error analysis. Laboratory Equipment CBL s and probeware Excel program for graphing Safety Video Rewrite the lab report Remediation Strategies Re-perform part or all of the study to acquire new data in light of error analysis. Enrichment Strategies Students to perform an independent study. Computer based lab simulations

5 COURSE OF STUDY: HONORS CHEMISTRY II ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT THE COURSE CONTENT ANSWERS: How do matter/energy relationships affect everyday life? STANDARD: Student Learning Standards/Indicators 2.1 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the enthalpy changes associated with chemical reactions. 2.1a Students will demonstrate an understanding of the Law of Conservation of Mass. 2.2 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the enthalpy changes associated with phase changes and the societal ramifications of applied technology in this area. 2.3 Students will determine specific thermodynamic characteristic properties of metals. 2.4 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between chemical change and electrical energy. Essential Content, Skills, Knowledge 1 Stoichiometry with energy terms a. mass-mass b. mass-volume standard c. mass-volume non-standard d. reactions in solution e. activity series f. solubility charts 2 Endo and Exothermic relationships a. bonding b. intermolecular forces 3 Heating curves a. Specific Heat b. Heat of Fusion c. Heat of Vaporization d. Potential and Kinetic energy changes 4 Nuclear Chemistry a. Half life b. Artificial Transmutation c. Fission and Fusion 1. Energy 2. Process 3. Products 4. Waste Disposal 5 Oxidation Reduction Reactions Suggested Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies 1 Classroom modeling 2 Practice problems 3 Drawing of energy curves 4 Lab Activities on heat 5 Graphical interpretation of intermolecular force data 6 Student presentations/debate on Nuclear Reactors 7 Student paper on fossil fuel production of electrical power 8 Students to improve problem solving skills through calculations involving relationships in these topics Laboratory Exercises from list above Lab on Activity Series

6 COURSE OF STUDY: HONORS CHEMISTRY II STANDARD # Assessment for Course Standards Materials/Technology for Course Standards Tests Lab Reports Quizzes Option of Student Presentation Wet Labs CBL based Labs Laser Discs Review Worksheets Peer Tutoring After school assistance Remediation Strategies Enrichment Strategies Research articles dealing with: Nuclear Medicine Nuclear Power Anthrolopolgy

7 COURSE OF STUDY: HONORS CHEMISTRY II ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT THE COURSE CONTENT ANSWERS: Why is the understanding of atomic structure, chemical bonding and molecular geometry important? STANDARD: Student Learning Standards/Indicators 3.1 Students will be able to explain the relationship between an element s atomic structure, its position on the periodic table and the type of bond it will make. 3.2 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the classical and modern model of the atom. Emphasis will be on science as a process. 3.3 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between the atomic structure and the geometry of molecules. 3.4 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between the atomic structure and the way an element forms bonds. Essential Content, Skills, Knowledge 1. Modeling of the atom a. Democritus to Rutherford 2. Energy relationships and the electronic structure of the atom a. electron configuration notation b. valence electrons c. Lewis diagrams d. Resonance Structures e. VSEPR f. Molecular Orbital Model g. Hybridization h. Sigma and Pi Bonds i. Periodic Table organization j. Family traits and trends k. Science as a process, a questioning and an explanation 3. Quantum Mechanical Model a. radiant energy b. standing waves c. dual nature of photons and electrons Suggested Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies 1. Classroom modeling and demonstrations 2. Practice problems 3. Laboratory Activities 4. Internet Research

8 3.5 Students will explain the structure of molecular substances using several models. 4. Prediction of molecular shape based upon periodic table position and formula in a compound a. octet rule b. exceptions to octet rule c. expanded valence d. third period hybridizations

9 COURSE OF STUDY: STANDARD # Assessment for Course Standards Materials/Technology for Course Standards Tests Lab Reports Quizzes Model Kits Laser Discs Remediation Strategies Review Periodic Properties and Electronic Structure of Elements Review Coulombs Law Review relationship between size of atom and nucleus Peer Tutoring Additional Assistance Enrichment Strategies Current Event Articles on Quantum Physics topics ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT THE COURSE CONTENT ANSWERS: Why is the study of solutions both liquid and gaseous important? STANDARD:

10 Student Learning Standards/Indicators Essential Content, Skills, Knowledge Suggested Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies 4.1 Students will understand and explain the chemical and physical properties of the fluids necessary for life. 4.2 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the gas laws. 4.3 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between intermolecular forces and the properties of substances. 4.4 Students will demonstrate how pressure and temperature changes effect the properties of a substance. 4.5 Students will explain how solubility and colligative properties impact our daily lives. 4.6 Students will explain the effect of gases on open and closed systems. 1. Measurable physical properties a. Pressure, Temperature,Volume, mole, surface tension, viscosity 2. Ideal, Combined, Graham s Laws 3. Intermolecular forces a. Ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, London, Hydrogen Bond 4. Heating curves and Phase diagrams 5. Vapor Pressure and colligative properties 6. Closed systems 1. Problems and labs on solubility 2. Introduction to and connection with the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution curves 3. Activities with pressure and temperature 4. Problems and practice using gas laws 5. Labs 6. Colligative properties problems

11 COURSE OF STUDY: STANDARD # Assessment for Course Standards Materials/Technology for Course Standards Tests Labs Quizzes Wet Labs CBL s Laser Discs Remediation Strategies Review Gas Laws with hands on activities Worksheets on interpreting graphs Enrichment Strategies Find current event articles about plasmas

12 COURSE OF STUDY: COURSE LENGTH: UNIT VALUE: REVISION DATE: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT THE COURSE CONTENT ANSWERS: How does the study of Thermodynamics affect consumer choices which influence environmental and global issues? NATIONAL STANDARDS STUDENTS WILL ACHIEVE IN THIS COURSE: STANDARD: Student Learning Standards/Indicators Essential Content, Skills, Knowledge Suggested Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies 5.1 Students will demonstrate an understanding on the Laws of Thermodynamics in chemical reacting systems. 5.2 Students will demonstrate an understanding of specific heat and heat capacity of substances, including water. 1. LAWS a. 1 st Energy Conservation b. 2 nd Entropy c. 3 rd Absolute Zero d. 0 th law Thermal Equilibrium e. Carnot Cycle 2. Specific Heat of the standard water a. Calorimetry at constant pressure b. What temperature measures c. Calculation of heat transferred at thermal equilibrium Laboratory activities Heat of Fusion of ice Specific Heat capacity of metals Problems calculating enthalpy changes associated with chemical reactions using Hess s Law and H 0 f. Problems using specific heat and heat of fusion,vaporization Research the Carnot Cycle and report on the ramifications vis-a vis utilizing fossil fuels to produce electricity Problems using Thermodynamic data and Gibbs Free Energy.

13 5.3 Students will apply information from a heating curve and determine the efficiency of energy transformation processes in electric power generation. 5.4 Students will be proficient in using Thermodynamic data in determining energy changes associated with chemical reactions.(hess s Law) 3. Energy changes during heating (Kinetic and Potential) a. Kinetic changes in single phase b. Potential changes during phase changes c. Heat of Fusion and Heat of Vaporization 4. Thermodynamic Data a. H 0 f b. G 0 f c. S 0 d. Hess s Law e. Gibb s Free Energy

14 COURSE OF STUDY: STANDARD # Assessment for Course Standards Materials/Technology for Course Standards Tests Labs Quizzes Wet Labs CBL s Laser Discs Remediation Strategies Practice Worksheets Group work sessions on problem solving stategies Additional Instruction Enrichment Strategies Research Project on Industry use of energy. Research on trends in ways of power production

15 COURSE OF STUDY: COURSE LENGTH: UNIT VALUE: REVISION DATE: ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT THE COURSE CONTENT ANSWERS: How are the kinetics and equilibrium of chemical systems affected by technology? NATIONAL STANDARDS STUDENTS WILL ACHIEVE IN THIS COURSE: STANDARD: Student Learning Standards/Indicators Essential Content, Skills, Knowledge Suggested Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies 6.1Students will be proficient in applying the rate law to determine the order of a reaction. 6.2Students will demonstrate the ability to track concentration changes for 1 st and 2 nd order reactions. 6.3Students will demonstrate an understanding of the effect of temperature on the rate of a chemical reaction. 6.4Students will beable to predict a reaction mechanism from rate data. 6.5 Students will be able to explain how reaction mechanisms are modified by catalysts. 1. Rate law a. function of concentration b. stoichiometric relationships 2. Rate as function of time c. First order reaction d. Half life e. Secind order reaction f. Half life 1. Arrhenius Equation a. Activation energy b. Collision theory 2. Mechanisms a. Elementary Steps b. Multiple step mechanisms c. Rate determining step Lab activities Order of the reaction Crystal Violet Problems using published data to determine the order of a reaction. Problems using published data for concentration of reactant as function of time. Problems using published data for rate of a reaction as function of temperature. Determine mechanisms from system equations and published data.

16 6.6Students will explain the economic and societal benefits of catalysts in nindustrial processes. 1. Enzymes 2. MnO2 3. Petroleum Catalitic cracking Students to research and report on catalyst of their choice. The report to include both benefit and risk associated with use of a catalyst.

17 COURSE OF STUDY: STANDARD # Assessment for Course Standards Materials/Technology for Course Standards Tests Labs Quizzes CBL s Laser Disc Smart Board with video stream Peer Tutoring Additional instruction Remediation Strategies Enrichment Strategies Students to design a mechanical system that will reach equilibrium. They are to compare and contrast their system in its initial condition to that when it has reached equilibrium. ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS THAT THE COURSE CONTENT ANSWERS: Why is the understanding of the nature and properties of acids and bases important? STANDARD:

18 Student Learning Standards/Indicators Essential Content, Skills, Knowledge Suggested Learning Activities and Instructional Strategies 7.1 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the models of Acids and Bases 7.2 Students will explain similarities and differences in the properties of strong and weak acids and bases. 7.3 Students will compare and contrast acid strength on the basis of the weak acid constant. 7.4 Students will demonstrate an understanding of the common-ion effect. 7.5 Students will apply the solubility product constant to the theoretical remediation of a toxic waste site. 7.6 Students will demonstrate the ability to neutralize a non-neutral solution. Arrhenius models of acids and bases Bronsted-Lowry model Mass action expression. Equilibrium constants Kc,Kp,Kw,Ka,Kb,Ksp PH, poh Henderson-Hasselbalch Titration Indicators Determine ph of various foods by titration and by instrument. Use published problems in applying equilibrium constants. Have students design a buffer of required ph and then test in lab activity. Lab activity on Solubility Product Lab activity with amphoteric substances

19 COURSE OF STUDY: STANDARD # Assessment for Course Standards Materials/Technology for Course Standards Tests Labs Quizzes Indicators ph meters Laser Disc Peer Tutoring Concept mapping Additional Instruction Remediation Strategies Enrichment Strategies Current Event articles on Acid Washed Jeans on Acid catalysis on mine run off and the impact on streams