Fundamentals of Chemistry Review

Transcription

1 Fundamentals of Chemistry Review Read the following paragraph. Then in the chart below, classify each of the underlined observations into the appropriate column, either quantitative or qualitative. There are a total of 10 observations. A group of scientists were examining a rock from the planet Zarluke. They ran several tests on it and made many observations. First of all, they saw that the rock was deep purple in color. The mass of the rock was grams. It was very hard. The rock was about 9 cm long. It was also had thirty-two tiny pits in it. The texture of the rock was very rough. It also had a really bad odor. It was definitely flammable because parts of it caught fire as one scientist accidentally placed the rock next to a heat source. The rock had a volume of 152 cm 3. Interestingly, the rock was always very hot. This Zarlukian rock sure was strange. Qualitative Observations Quantitative Observations Name each piece of equipment that would be useful for each of the following tasks: Holding 100mL of water (ebkare) Measuring 27.2 ml of liquid (daudgtear ldnreiyc) A narrow-mouthed container used to transport, heat or store substances, often used when a stopper is required (ymerereel kslaf) Heating contents in the lab (nuesnb bneurr) Transport a hot beaker (oht tmit) Protects the eyes from flying objects or chemical splashes (ggloges) What would happen to the density of a block of Tungsten (W) if you were to cut it in half?

2 Convert from standard notation to scientific notation or vice versa: x x x 10-4 Complete the following metric conversions and calculations: Show your work in a t chart or by multiplying fractions, round your answer to the correct number of sig figs mg = g 75 ml = L 160 cm = mm 65 g = mg 109 g = kg 5.6 kg = g 250 m = km 50 cm = m 480 cm = m 6.3 cm = mm Compare using <, >, or =. 56 cm 6 m 7 g 698 mg 63 cm 6 m 5 g 508 mg 1,500 ml 1.5 L 536 cm 53.6 dm Write the correct abbreviation for each metric unit: Kilogram Milliliter Kilometer Meter Millimeter Centimeter Gram Liter Milligram Write the number of sig figs in the following numbers beside the number:

3 How many significant figures do each of the following measured numbers have, and to what precision have they been measured? Example: 90 grams has one significant figure and is precise to the nearest ten grams liters 3010 grams 890 degrees grams 3.4 x 10 3 meters grams Perform the following calculations using dimensional analysis and round your final answer to the correct number of significant figures. Show your work in a T-chart or by multiplying fractions: Convert 3598 grams into pounds. A beaker contains 578 ml of water. What is the volume in quarts? Every three times I clean my bedroom, my mother makes me an apple pie. I cleaned my bedroom 9 times. How many apple pies does she owe me? (What?! Your mother doesn t reward you for cleaning your bedroom? Aren t there child labor laws? :-)) During a lab experiment, Susie collects 9.6 g of a chemical. According to her pre-lab calculations, the theoretical yield for this lab was 10.2g of that chemical. - What is her % yield for this lab? Use the formula and show your work to the correct sig figs. - What is the % error for her results? Use the formula and show your work to the correct sig figs.

4 Classification of Matter Complete the following table to identify if the following substances are pure substances or mixtures. If it is a pure substance, identify if it is an element or a compound. If it is a mixture, identify if it is hetero or homogeneous. Substance Substance(s) Pure Substance/Mixture? PS: Element or Compound Mix: Hetero or Homogeneous A Liquid Water (H 2 B Liquid Hexane (C 6 H 14 ) C D E Solid Sulfur (S) Solid Sugar (C 12 H 22 O 11 ) dissolved in Liquid Water (H 2 Liquid Acetone (C 3 H 6 dissolved in Liquid Ethanol (C 2 H 6 F Solid Iron (Fe) and Solid Copper (Cu) filings Now, explain how you could separate the following mixtures given the information from the previous chart: Mixture Separation Technique(s) Explanation (including order if necessary) B and C E D and F F Draw Particle View Diagrams of each example below: Br 2 liquid Solid Aluminum in liquid H 2 O CO 2 gas

5 HONORS Only: In addition to the information above, study uncertainty of measurement (Analog and Digital) :-)