7. Which life process is indicated by the arrows in the diagram of an amoeba shown below?

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1 1. An iodine test of a tomato plant leaf revealed that starch was present at 5:00 p.m. on a sunny afternoon in July. When a similar leaf from the same tomato plant was tested with iodine at 6:00 a.m. the next morning, the test indicated that less starch was present. This reduction in starch content most likely occurred because starch was A) changed directly into proteins B) transported out of the leaves through the guard cells C) transported downward toward the roots through tubes D) changed into simple sugars 2. Every single-celled organism is able to survive because it carries out A) metabolic activities B) autotrophic nutrition C) heterotrophic nutrition D) sexual reproduction 3. In which process are simple materials chemically combined to form more complex materials? A) synthesis B) pinocytosis C) hydrolysis D) cyclosis 4. Which process is a form of autotrophic nutrition? A) transport B) regulation C) fermentation D) photosynthesis 5. Which life process is classified as autotrophic in some organisms and heterotrophic in other organisms? A) hormonal regulation B) nutrition C) anaerobic respiration D) transport 6. Bumblebees show some ability to control their own body temperature. During cold weather, bumblebees have been observed warming their flight muscles by shivering. The bees are able to maintain a body temperature several degrees above that of the surrounding air. Regulation of their internal body temperature is an example of A) diffusion B) synthesis C) respiration D) homeostasis 7. Which life process is indicated by the arrows in the diagram of an amoeba shown below? A) digestion B) excretion C) fermentation D) transport 8. When heating a solution in a test tube, a student should A) point the test tube in any direction B) hold the test tube with two fingers C) cork the test tube D) wear goggles

2 9. A mineral supplement designed to prevent the flu was given to two groups of people during a scientific study. Dosages of the supplement were measured in milligrams per day, as shown in the table below. After 10 weeks, neither group reported a case of the flu. Which procedure would have made the outcome of this study more valid? A) test only one group with 200mg of the supplement B) test the supplement on both groups for 5 weeks instead of 10 weeks C) test a third group that receives 150mg of the supplement D) test a third group that does not receive the supplement Base your answers to questions 10 through 12 on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. An experiment was carried out to answer the question "Does the ph of water affect the growth of radish plants?" Two groups of ten radish plants were set up. One group was watered with water having a ph of 3.0, and the other group was watered with water having a ph of 7.0. Both groups of plants received the same amount and intensity of light, the same amount of water, and they were grown in the same type of soil. The heights of the radish plants were measured every 2 days for a period of 2 weeks. 10. Which activity might help to increase the validity of this experiment? A) repeating the experiment several times B) using two different types of radish seeds in each group C) using the same ph for both groups of plants D) placing one set of plants in sunlight and one in darkness 11. What was the dependent variable in this experiment? A) heights of the plants B) ph of the water C) temperature of the water D) type of soil 12. Which sentence is a possible hypothesis that was tested in this experiment? A) Does the ph of water affect the growth of radish plants? B) Will the amount of water alter the heights of the radish plants? C) The temperature of the water will affect the heights of the radish plants. D) The ph of the water will affect the heights of the radish plants.

3 13. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Euglena are single-celled organisms that live in ponds. All euglena have chloroplasts and can make their own food. They can also take in food from the environment. The diagram below represents a euglena. An experiment was set up to determine the effect of nitrates, a pollutant, on the number of chloroplasts present in euglena. Five tanks were set up, each with euglena and a different concentration of nitrate solution: 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0%. The tanks were placed in a sunny location where each tank received the same amount of light. Which statement correctly identifies a variable in this experiment? A) The independent variable is the concentration of nitrate solution used. B) The dependent variable is the number of euglena placed in the tanks. C) The independent variable is the amount of sunlight. D) The dependent variable is the number of tanks used. 14. A company that manufactures a popular multivitamin wanted to determine whether their multivitamin had any side effects. For its initial study, the company chose 2000 individuals to take one of their multivitamin tablets per day for one year. Scientists from the company surveyed the participants to determine whether they had experienced any side effects. The greatest problem with this procedure is that A) only one brand of vitamin was tested B) the study lasted only one year C) the sample size was not large enough D) no control group was used

4 15. Conclusions based on an experiment are most likely to be accepted when A) they are consistent with experimental data and observations B) they are derived from investigations having many experimental variables C) scientists agree that only one hypothesis has been tested D) hypotheses are based on one experimental design 16. Diagrams, tables, and graphs are used by scientists mainly to A) design a research plan for an experiment B) test a hypothesis C) organize data D) predict the independent variable 17. Structures in an animal cell are represented in the diagram below. Which row in the chart correctly identifies the functions of structures A, B, and C? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) Which cell structure is mainly responsible for releasing energy from food molecules in some single-celled organisms? A) ribosome B) chloroplast C) cell membrane D) mitochondrion

5 19. A land-dwelling organism, A, and an aquatic single-celled organism, B, are represented below. 22. Which organelles must be present within a cell of a geranium leaf for respiration and photosynthesis to occur? A) cell wall and lysosome B) mitochondrion and chloroplast C) centrosome and nucleus D) endoplasmic reticulum and ribosome 23. Within a cell, where is the DNA chiefly found? A) cell wall B) plasma membrane C) ribosomes D) nucleus Which statement best explains how A and B are able to survive in their environments? A) The organelles in B perform similar functions to the organ systems in A. B) The transport system in B is more complex than the transport system in A. C) Both A and B take in oxygen from the water. D) Only A can pass on traits to offspring. 20. The letters in the diagram below indicate some parts of a cell. The function of which cell part is most similar to that of the human excretory system? A) A B) B C) C D) D 21. The nucleus is the cell as A) the bones are to a human B) the heart is to human C) the muscles are to a human D) the brain is to a human

6 24. Which diagram best illustrates the relationship between the number of cells, tissues, and organs in a complex multicellular organism? A) B) C) D) 25. Which activity might lead to damage of a microscope and specimen? A) cleaning the ocular and objectives with lens paper B) focusing with low power first before moving the high power into position C) using the coarse adjustment to focus the specimen under high power D) adjusting the diaphragm to obtain more light under high powe 26. A slide of human blood cells was observed in focus under the low-power objective of a compound light microscope that had clean lenses. When the microscope was switched to high power, the image was dark and fuzzy. Which parts of the microscope should be used to correct this situation? A) nosepiece and coarse adjustment B) diaphragm and ocular C) objective and fine adjustment D) diaphragm and fine adjustment Base your answers to questions 27 and 28 on the diagram of a microscope below and on your knowledge of biology. 27. State two ways the image seen through the microscope differs from the actual specimen being observed. 28. Information about which two lettered parts is needed in order to determine the total magnification of an object viewed with the microscope in the position shown?

7 29. The total magnification of an image formed by a compound light microscope is a result of the combined magnifications of the A) eyepiece and diaphragm B) objective and mirror C) eyepiece and objective D) low-power objective and high-power objective 30. What is the lowest possible magnification that can be obtained using the microscope shown below? A) 20 B) 200 C) 40 D) What is the highest magnification that can be obtained with a microscope that has a 10 eyepiece with 10 and 43 objectives? A) 43 B) 100 C) 430 D) A compound microscope has four objectives labeled 4, 10, 43, and 97. Which objective, when used in combination with a 10 ocular lens, provides the largest field of view? A) 97 B) 43 C) 10 D) A student lifted weights after school and found that his muscles started to burn. He couldn't continue to lift the weights after prolonged exercising. This muscle fatigue is most likely due to A) the heart beating too fast and tiring out B) the lungs accumulating oxygen C) lack of oxygen and build up of waste in the muscles D) lack of carbon dioxide in the muscles

8 34. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Five individuals had their pulses taken in beats per minute (bpm) before and after exercise. The data are shown in the chart below. State one reason why an individual's pulse rate increased during exercise. 35. In an experiment to determine the effect of exercise on pulse rate, a student checks his pulse rate before and after exercising for several minutes. The purpose of checking his pulse rate before exercising is that it A) serves as the conclusion for the experiment B) is needed to justify the sample size C) serves as a control for the experiment D) is needed to formulate a hypothesis

9 36. Base your answer to the following question on the information and graph below and on your knowledge of biology. Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph below. The change in heart rate that occurs between 1 and 5 minutes of exercise is an adaptation that A) reduces the rate at which oxygen is carried to the muscle cells B) increases the rate at which carbon dioxide is carried to the muscle cells C) results in the production of more ATP in muscle cells D) slows the destruction of enzymes involved in respiration of muscle cells 37. Base your answer to the following question on on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin In this investigation, the independent variable is the A) control B) exercise C) rate of squeezing D) number of participants 38. As it grows from a seed to a mature plant, a plant will grow taller and thicker. Which are abiotic factors most responsible for the increase in the mass of the plant? A) water, minerals, bacteria B) sunlight, oxygen, plant receptors C) minerals, water, plant enzymes D) water, sunlight, carbon dioxide 39. A finite resource in the environment that keeps a population from steadily increasing is known as A) dynamic equilibrium B) a limiting factor C) a reproductive enzyme D) ecological successsion

10 40. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph below shows the growth of Paramecium aurelia in the same culture dish for 14 days. In another experiment, a second species of paramecium was introduced into a culture dish with Paramecium aurelia. Which statement describes a possible result as the populations interact over the next 14 days? A) The population numbers of Paramecium aurelia would be lower than 250, since the new species is competing with it for resources. B) The population of Paramecium aurelia would increase above 250, since they would mate with the new species. C) The population of Paramecium aurelia would increase above 250, since the two species occupy the same niche. D) The population of Paramecium aurelia would remain at 250, since the species compete with each other for the same resources.

11 Base your answers to questions 41 and 42 on the graph below and on your knowledge of biology. The graph shows the growth of a population of rabbits in a specific ecosystem. 41. Over a period of time, the location of the dashed line would move from location B to location C on this graph if A) the birthrate of the rabbit population was equal to the death rate of the rabbit population B) there was a decrease in the number of rabbit predators and an increase in the availability of plants C) there was a decrease in the availability of minerals, water, and shelter D) the entire rabbit population rnigrated to a new ecosystem containing more autotrophs 42. Which environmental factor could have caused the change indicated at A? A) increased predation by herbivores B) increased availability of food C) increased number of decomposers D) increased competition among carnivores 43. Which statement best describes an ecosystem maintaining a state of approximate equilibrium? A) Nutrients from decayed organisms are recycled in a forest ecosystem. B) All the frog species in a South American rain forest become extinct. C) A mutation spreads through a species of bacterium, making them unable to decompose wastes. D) Mice are released into a field ecosystem as food for a declining predator population 44. A scientist was studying a population of fish in a pond over a period of 10 years. He observed that the population increased each year for 3 years, and then remained nearly constant for the rest of the study. The best explanation for this observation is that the population had A) stopped reproducing B) reached carrying capacity C) mutated into a different species D) run out of food and migrated to a different pond

12 45. Which statement best describes bat populations in a stable ecosystem? A) They are held in check by environmental factors. B) They are producers that rely indirectly on other producers. C) They are not limited by natural predators. D) They are not dependent on other species. 46. Abiotic factors that affect the growth of grass in a lawn include A) bacteria and soil B) earthworms and nutrients C) moisture and minerals D) fertilizer and decomposers 47. One biotic factor that affects consumers in an ocean ecosystem is A) number of autotrophs B) temperature variation C) salt content D) ph of water 48. Which statement describes all stable ecosystems? A) Herbivores provide energy for the autotrophs, B) The populations of predators are dependent on the populations of their prey. C) The number of autotrophs equals the number of heterotrophs. D) Consumers synthesize ATP from light energy. 49. Which ecological term includes everything represented in the illustration below? A) community B) ecosystem C) population D) species

13 50. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of a lake ecosystem below and on your knowledge of biology. the diagram shows a cross section of a deep lake. the dashed line which separates level A from level B indicates the depth beyond which light cannot penetrate Which type of organism that ordinarily inhabits a lake ecosystem would not be found in level B because of the lack of light penetration? A) decomposers B) scavengers C) carnivores D) producers 51. The diagram below represents a food pyramid in an ecosystem. The best explanation for the decrease in the amount of energy transferred to each succeeding level is that much of the energy is A) consumed by predators B) released as heat C) stored within inorganic materials D) used in photosynthesis

14 52. A food web is represented below. Which organism would receive the least amount of transferred solar energy? A) grasses B) owls C) frogs D) field mice

15 Base your answers to questions 53 and 54 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents a food web. 53. Which statement correctly describes interactions between organisms in this ecosystem? A) Hawks are predators of insect-eating birds, but not of seed-eating birds. B) Hawks and snakes prey on both rabbits and grasshoppers. C) Rabbits and mice compete for both grasses and flower seeds. D) Grasshoppers and mice compete for grasses, but not flower seeds. 54. What do the arrows in the diagram represent? A) an increase in population B) the evolution of organisms C) the flow of energy D) ecological succession

16 55. Base your answer on the energy pyramid below and on your knowledge of biology. Letter A in the pyramid represents A) scavengers B) producers C) carnivores D) herbivores

17 56. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology, The diagram represents an energy pyramid for an ecosystem in the Australian outback. Which two organisms could have a predator-prey relationship? A) kookaburras and gum trees B) kangaroos and silky mice C) dingos and kangaroo grasses D) wedge-tailed eagles and wombats

18 57. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below, which represents a pond food web, and on your knowledge of biology. Which energy pyramid most accurately shows the energy relationships between three organisms in this food web? A) B) C) D)

19 58. The amounts of all the organisms present in four different aquariums are shown below. Which aquarium would be the most stable? A) 60. The three graphs below show the population changes in two species of single-celled organisms that have been grown separately and together in identical environments. B) C) D) 59. Which statement best describes a situation where competition occurs in an ecosystem? A) A deer outruns an attacking wolf. B) A deer, during the winter, consumes tree bark. C) A deer and rabbit consume grass in a field. D) A deer and a rabbit are both startled by a hawk flying overhead. Which term is the most closely associated with the changes in relative population size shown in graph C? A) mutation B) artificial selection C) genetic engineering D) competition

20 61. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of biology. Analysis of a sample taken from a pond showed variety in both number and type of organisms present. The data collected are shown in the table below. 64. Given the food chain below: wheat plants rabbits coyotes mosquitoes bats Secondary consumers in this food chain include A) wheat plants and rabbits B) rabbits and coyotes C) coyotes and mosquitoes D) wheat plants and bats 65. A relationship between a consumer and producer is best illustrated by a A) snake eating a bird B) tree absorbing minerals C) fungus breaking down wastes D) deer eating grass If the frogs feed on insect larvae, what is the role of the frogs in this pond ecosystem? A) herbivore B) parasite C) consumer D) host 62. Because turkey vultures feed mainly on animals that they have not killed, they are known as A) predators B) scavengers C) omnivores D) autotrophs 63. The diagram below represents a food web. Which organisms are primary consumers? A) grass, mice, and hawks B) owls, snakes, and hawks C) seeds, grass, and shrubs D) songbirds, mice, and rabbits

21 66. The diagram below represents a food chain made up of organisms found in a field. Which row in the chart correctly identifies characteristics that can be associated with the members of this food chain? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) Base your answer to the following question on the diagram below and on your knowledge of biology. The diagram represents part of a food web. Which population would be most immediately affected by the removal of the lizard population? A) sedges B) algae C) ants D) centipedes

22 68. The diagram below represents interactions that occur between some organisms in an ecosystem. Which factor would most likely cause an increase in the number of frogs? A) an increase in the number of deer B) a decrease in the amount of grasses C) an increase in the number of snakes D) a decrease in the amount of trees 69. Base your answer to the following question on the diagram of a food web below. Which organisms are not shown in this diagram but are essential to a balanced ecosystem? A) heterotrophs B) autotrophs C) producers D) decomposers

23 Base your answers to questions 70 through 72 on the information and data table below. A biology student performed an experiment to determine which of two species of single-celled organisms would survive best when cultured together in a certain environment. The student placed 10 organisms of each species into a large test tube. Throughout the experiment, the test tube was maintained at 30 C. After the test tube was set up, the population of each species was determined each day for 5 days. The data collected are shown in the table below. Using the information in the data table, construct a line graph on graph paper. 70. a Mark an appropriate scale on each labeled axis. b Plot the data for species A on the grid. Surround each point with a small circle and connect the points. c Plot the data for species B on the grid. Surround each point with a small triangle and connect the points. 71. The difference in the population sizes on the fifth day most likely resulted from A) temperature changes B) variations in light intensity C) competition between species D) the buildup of nitrogen gas 72. Based on the daily counts, on which day did it first become evident that one species was better adapted than the other species for survival in the environment provided?

24 Base your answers to questions 73 through 77 on the passage below. Some poinsettia plants have green leaves that turn red. A garden club decided to study the color change of poinsettia plants. Knowing that poinsettias change color during the short daylight periods of winter, they decided to investigate the effect of different daylight lengths on color change. Design a controlled experiment using three experimental groups that could be used to determine if the number of hours of daylight has an effect on the color change of poinsettias. 73. Describe experimental results that would support your hypothesis. 74. Identify the dependent variable in the experiment. 75. Identify two factors that must be kept the same in all three groups. 76. State one way the three experimental groups would differ. 77. State one hypothesis the experiment would test.

25 Answer Key Quarter 1 Review packet 1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. A 11. A 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. A 21. D 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. enlarged upside down backward more detail 28. A and C 29. C 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. C 34. More nutrients are used when muscle cells are more active. Muscle cells use more oxygen. to help maintain homeostasis A faster pulse rate will remove waste more rapidly. 35. C 36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. A 41. C 42. B 43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. B 50. D 51. B 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. B 56. D 57. B 58. A 59. C 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. C 67. C 68. C 69. D C 72. day The hypothesis would be supported if only the plants exposed to less than 10 hours of daylight change color and those exposed to more hours of daylight do not change color. All of the plants changed color/none of the plants changed color. 74. leaf color, whether or not color changes 75. temperature, amount of water/fertilizer, soil condition, age/size of plants 76. One group gets less than 10 hours of daylight, one more than 12 hours of daylight, and one 11 hours of daylight. exposure to different lengths of daylight 77. If plants are exposed to fewer than 11 hours of daylight, then they will change color. The number of hours of daylight will have no effect on color change.