Phytoremediation assisted by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to clean-up dioxins/furans polluted soil of the Halluin site?

Transcription

1 Phytoremedition ssisted by rbusculr mycorrhizl fungi to clen-up dioxins/furns polluted soil of the Hlluin site? Hcène MEGLOULI Joël FONTAINE & Aniss LOUNES-HADJ SAHRAOUI Unité de Chimie Environnementle et Interctions sur le Vivnt (UCEIV) Clis-ULCO. E-mil: 20th Mrch

2 DISTRIBUTION OF CONTAMINATED SITES IN FRANCE In Europe, bout sites In Frnce, 5137 sites nd soils listed 25,00% 20,00% 19 % 15,00% 13 % 10,00% 11 % 5,00% 0,00% (11/03/2014) -2-

3 DISTRIBUTION OF CONTAMINANTS AFFECTING SOIL Dioxins/ Furns Pngos et l,

4 DIOXINS AND FURANS Dioxins 75 congeneres Furns: 135 congeneres Lipophilic, semi-voltile, Reclcitrnt to biodegrdtion Hlf-life time : yers High toxicity : Cncer, neurologicl nd immunologicl effects, -5-

5 PROJECT «DIOXINS : CONTAMINATION AND BIODEGRADATION» Coordintion : Hlluin 3R Assocition (A. Crlier) Funding: The Nord/Ps-de-Clis region, the Europen Union (PO-FEDER), ADEME, LMCU Experimentl site: Noir Pot Frm in Hlluin of 3500 m 2 historiclly contminted with dioxins/ furns Anlyzes of dioxins/furns (INRA d Arrs) Sptil nlysis (INRA d Orléns) Contmintion concentrtions + - PCDD/L (ng/kg) PCDD/L (I-TEQ ng/kg)

6 THE GRENELLE DE L ENVIRONNEMENT Section 43 of the Grenelle II August 3, 2009 Mngement of contminted sites nd soils: «remedition techniques by plnts re preferbly used» Phytoremedition -6-

7 PHYTOREMEDIATION Degrdtion of orgnic pollutnts by plnts Advntges : Economic, Ecologicl Applicble over lrge res Well ccepted by the public Esy to implement But Phytoremedition Efficiency = f (plnt tolernce to pollutnt toxicity) Degrdtion of orgnic pollutnts by microflor -7-

8 ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (AMF) Mutulistic symbiosis ssocition between mycorrhizl fungus nd plnt roots Arbusculr mycorrhizl fungi benefits: Better wter nd minerl nutrition Improve plnt growth Better stress tolernce (biotic + biotic) Better dissiption of orgnic pollutnts -8-

9 EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP Alflf White clover Ryegrss Control Prmeters mesured fter 6 nd 20 weeks of culture Plnt Biomss Mycorrhiztion rte (Microscopic observtion) Bcteril nd fungl biomss (Quntifiction of specific ftty cid by GC/MS) inoculted by AMF (Solrize ) Non- inoculted Determintion of residul dioxins/furns concentrtions by GC/HRMS (INRA d Arrs). -9-

10 Root colonistion (%) MYCORRHIZAL COLONIZATION c * 60 b c * b * b b * * N. D. Clover Alflf Ryegrss Clover Alflf Ryegrss 6 Weeks 20 Weeks Significnt increses of mycorrhiztion rtes fter 20 weeks of culture in inoculted Alflf nd Ryegrss -10-

11 plnt dry weight (mg/plnt) PLANT GROWTH * * b c b b c b * b * b * b * 0 Clover Aflf Ryegrss Clover Alflf Ryegrss 6 Weeks 20 Weeks Positive evolution of plnt growth for ll the plnts between 6 nd 20 weeks. Better growth for Clover compred to Alflf nd ryegrss. -11-

12 Bcteril PLFAs (µg/g of soil) BACTERIAL VIABILITY IN THE SOIL 'b'* 'b'* 'b'* 'b'* b'* b'* 8 ' Control Clover Alflf Ryegrss Without plnts Control Clover Alflf Ryegrss Without plnts 6 Weeks 20 Weeks Stimultion of bcteril biomss t 20 weeks on vegetted soil -12-

13 PLFAs C18:2ω6,9 (µg/g of soil) FUNGAL VIABILITY IN THE SOIL 1 0,9 b'* 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 b b b b b '* ' 'b'* ' 'b'* b'* 0,2 0,1 0 Control Clover Alflf Ryegrss Control Clover Alflf Ryegrss Without plnts Without plnts 6 Weeks 20 Weeks Stimultion of fungl biomss t 20 weeks in prticulr in the presence of inoculted Clover nd Ryegrss. -13-

14 PCDD/F concentrtion (ng/kg) RESIDUAL DIOXINS/FURANS CONCENTRATIONS IN THE SOIL OCDD HpCDD HxCDD HxCDD HxCDD PeCDD 2378-TCDD OCDF HpCDF HpCDF HxCDF HxCDF HxCDF HxCDF PeCDF PeCDF 2378-TCDF b'c' ' d' c'd' 'b' 'b' NI I NI I NI I NI I NI I NI I c* d* * bc* b* bc Initil Clover Alflf Ryegrss concentrtion of the site 6 Weeks Clover Alflf Ryegrss 20 Weeks Anlyzes of dioxins/furns (INRA d Arrs) Reduced levels of dioxins/furns fter 20 weeks. -14-

15 CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Successful mycorrhiztion fter ddition of exogenous inoculum in the polluted soil. Good growth performnce of the three plnt species tested on the contminted soil. Stimultion of the microflor (bcteri nd fungi) t 20 weeks on vegetted soils, especilly in the presence of Clover nd Ryegrss. Reduced levels of dioxins/furns fter 20 weeks of culture. Adding biosurfctnt directly or indirectly to increse the biovilbility of dioxins / furns, Performnce evlution nd monitoring of potentil risks through ecotoxicity tests. -15-

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