Trichaptum (Basidiomycota, Polyporaceae) in China

Transcription

1 Mycosystema 菌物学报 15 July 2008, 27(4): ISSN CN Q 2008 Institute of Microbiology, CAS, all rights reserved. Trichaptum (Basidiomycota, Polyporaceae) in China DAI Yu-Cheng * CUI Bao-Kai Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing , China Abstract: The present paper summarizes the knowledge of Trichaptum in China, and 10 species in the genus were found. Trichaptum brastagii was newly found in China, and its illustrated description is given based on the Chinese materials. A key to the Chinese species of the genus is given. Key words: Trichaptum brastagii, lignicolous and hydnaceous fungi, lignicolous and poroid fungi, taxonomy 1 INTRODUCTION Trichaptum Murrill is characterized by annual, resupinate, effused-reflexed or pileate basidiocarps, poroid to hydnaceous hymenophore which are purplish to violet when actively growing, dimitic hyphal structure, clamp-septate generative hyphae, cyanophilous skeletal hyphae, abundant encrusted cystidia, and cylindrical to ellipsoid basidiospores. Species of the genus causes a similar fragile, lacy white pocket rot on both angiosperm and gymnosperm wood. Most species of Trichaptum occur in temperate and boreal forests, and nine species in the genus were recorded from China (Zhao & Zhang 1992; Dai 1996; Dai et al. 2004). However, during the study on wood-decaying fungi from tropical China, a noteworthy species, T. brastagii (Corner) T. Hatt., was found, and it was not recorded in the Chinese fungal flora, and in this paper we make an illustrated description of the species according to our studied materials. In addition, an identification key to the Chinese species of Trichaptum is supplied. 2 MATERIALS AND METHODS The studied specimens are deposited at the Herbarium of the Institute of Applied Ecology, Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No & ) * Corresponding author. yuchengd@yahoo.com Received: , accepted:

2 Vol.27 No Chinese Academy of Sciences (IFP) and the Institute of Microbiology, Beijing Forestry University (BJFC). Sections were studied at magnification up to 1000 by using a Nikon Eclipse E600 microscope and phase contrast illumination. Drawings were made with the aid of a drawing tube. Microscopic features, measurements and drawings were made from slide preparations stained with Cotton Blue and Melzer s reagent. Spores were measured from sections cut from the tubes, in presenting the variation in the size of the spores, 5% of measurements were excluded from each end of the range, and are given in parentheses. In the text the following abbreviations are used: IKI = Melzer s reagent, IKI- = negative in Melzer s reagent, KOH = 5% potassium hydroxide, CB = Cotton Blue, CB+ = cyanophilous, CB- = acyanophilous, L = mean spore length (arithmetic average of all spores), W = mean spore width (arithmetic average of all spores), Q = variation in the L/W ratios between the specimens studied, n = number of spores measured from given number of specimens. Special colour terms are from Peterson (1996) and Anonymous (1969). 3 RESULTS Key to species of Trichaptum from China 1. Hymenophore lamellate...t. laricinum (P. Karst.) Ryvarden 1. Hymenophore poroid to hydnoid Hymenophore totally poroid; pores 8-10 per mm.....t. durum (Jungh.) Corner 2. Hymenophore poroid to hydnoid; pores 1-6 per mm when poroid Basidiospores ellipsoid, > 3µm in width.....t. byssogenum (Jungh.) Ryvarden 3. Basidiospores cylindrical to narrowly ellipsoid, < 3µm in width Pileus strigose to hispid with dark brown to black hairs..... T. perrottetii (Lév.) Ryvarden 4. Pileus smooth to velutinate, not strigose or hispid Hymenophore hydnoid to irpicoid consistently Hymenophore poroid when juvenile, dissepiments lacerate with age Basidiospores narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical, 2.2-3µm in width; on gymnosperm wood t. fuscoviolaceum (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Ryvarden 6. Basidiospores cylindrical, 1.5-2µm in width; on wood of Quercus...T. polycystidiatum (Pilát) Y.C. Dai 7. Basidiocarps petaloid, fan-shaped to dimidiate; on angiosperm wood Basidiocarps resupinate to effused-reflexed; on gymnosperm wood Basidiospores short cylindrical, µm; occurring in subtopic or tropics.... T. brastagii (Corner) T. Hatt. 8. Basidiospores cylindrical, µm; occurring in temperate or boreal areas..t. pargamenum (Fr.) G. Cunn. 9. Pores 5-6 per mm; pore surface brownish...t. montanum T. Hatt. 9. Pores 4-5 per mm; pore surface light lilac...t. abietinum (Pers.:Fr.) Ryvarden

3 512 Mycosystema Description Trichaptum brastagii (Corner) T. Hatt. Figs. 1-2 Mycoscience 46: 306, 2005 Trametes brastagii Corner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 97: 83, 1989 Fruitbody Basidiocarps annual, pileate, sometimes with lateral stipe-like base, imbricate, soft leathery, without odour or taste when fresh, becoming hard corky upon drying. Pilei spathulate to flabelliform, projecting up to 2cm, 3cm wide, 1mm thick at base; margin undulating, acute. Pileal surface concentrically zonate, velutinate, ochraceous to pink buff when fresh, becoming straw-yellow to greyish buff upon drying. Pore surface cream to buff when fresh, becoming buff yellow upon drying; sterile margin distinct, up to 1mm wide; pores angular, 4-5 per mm; dissepiments thin, entire when juvenile, becoming strongly lacerate to irpicoid with age. Context cream and soft leathery, up to 0.5mm thick, duplex, upper layer velutinate, lower layer corky, an indistinct brownish line present between the two layers; tube layer cream to buff when fresh, becoming buff upon drying, up to 0.5mm long. Stipe-like base short, concolorous with pileal surface, glabrous, up to 1mm long and 0.5mm in diam. Hyphal structure Hyphal system dimitic to trimitic; generative hyphae bearing clamp connections; skeletal hyphae dominant, IKI-, CB+; all hyphae unchanged in KOH. Context Generative hyphae common, hyaline, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled, 2-3.7µm in diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, straight, regularly arranged, 3-6µm in diam. (n=10/1); some skeletals strongly branched, and the branched hyphae strongly flexuous, almost alike binding hyphae. Hyphae in stipe-like base similar to those in context. Tubes Generative hyphae common, hyaline, thin- to slightly thick-walled, 1.5-3µm in diam; skeletal hyphae dominant, 3-4.5µm in diam. (n=10/1). Cystidia fusoid, abundant, hyaline, thick-walled, encrusted at the apex, µm; cystidioles absent. Basidia clavate, with a basal clamp and four sterigmata, µm; basidioles in shape similar to basidia, but slightly smaller. Spores Basidiospores short cylindric, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI-, CB-, μm, L=4.15μm, W=2.17μm, Q=1.91 (n=30/1). Specimens examined Hainan Prov.: Lingshui County, Diaoluoshan Nature Reserve, on dead angiosperm tree, 24 XI 2002, Dai 4515 & Remarks As mentioned by Hattori (2005) Trichaptum brastagii is very similar to Trichaptum pargamenum (Fr.) G. Cunn. (=Trichaptum biforme (Fr.) Ryvarden), but the former usually has thin basidiocarps (less than 1mm thick) and short basidiospores (less than 5μm in length), while Trichaptum pargamenum usually has thick basidiocarps (more than 1mm thick) and long basidiospores ( µm). In addition, Trichaptum pargamenum is a temperate species, while T. brastagii occurs in tropics.

4 Vol.27 No [REFERENCES] Anonymous, Flora of British fungi. Colour identification chart. Her Majesty s Stationery Office, London.1 Dai YC, Changbai wood-rotting fungi 7. A checklist of the polypores. Fungal Science, 11: Dai YC, Wei YL, Wang Z, Wood-inhabiting fungi in southern China 2. Polypores from Sichuan Province. Annales Botanici Fennici, 41: Hattori T, Type studies of the polypores described by E.J.H. Corner from Asia and the West Pacific 7. Species described in Trametes (1). Mycoscience, 46: Petersen JH, Farvekort. The Danish Mycological Society s colour-chart. Foreningen til Svampekundskabens Fremme, Greve. 6 Zhao JD, Zhang XQ, The polypores of China. Bibliotheca Mycologica, 145: Fig. 1 Basidiocarps of Trichaptum brastagii (Corner) T. Hatt.

5 514 Mycosystema Fig. 2 Microscopic structures of Trichaptum brastagii (Corner) T. Hatt. (drawn from Dai 4515). a: Basidiospores; b: Basidia and basidioles; c: Cystidia; d: Hyphae from tube; e: Hyphae from context.