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1 Zootaxa 3911 (2): Copyright 2015 Magnolia Press Article ISSN (print edition) ZOOTAXA ISSN (online edition) Mitragomphus ganzanus Needham, 1944, a geographically misplaced dragonfly, is a junior synonym of Gomphidia kirschii Selys, 1878 (Odonata: Gomphidae) ROSSER W. GARRISON 1, KLAAS-DOUWE B. DIJKSTRA 2, MATTI HÄMÄLÄINEN 2 & REAGAN JOSEPH T. VILLANUEVA 3 1 Plant Pest Diagnostic Branch, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, United States of America. rgarrison@cdfa.ca.gov 2 Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands. kd.dijkstra@naturalis.nl; matti.hamalainen@helsinki.fi> 3 Forestal Healing Home and Therapeutic Milieu, Forestal Road, Cabantian, Davao City, 8000, Philippines. rjtvillanueva@gmail.com Abstract Based on comparison of specimens and descriptions, Mitragomphus ganzanus Needham, 1944, described from Braganza [Bragança], Pará State, Brazil, and known only from the holotype, is found to be a junior synonym of Gomphidia kirschii Selys, 1878, a species from the Philippines. The monotypic genus Mitragomphus Needham, 1944, is synonymized with the genus Gomphidia Selys, Key words: taxonomy, Brazil, Philippines Resumen Sobre la base de comparación de ejemplares y descripciones, se enuentra que Mitragomphus ganzanus Needham, 1944, descripto de Braganza [Bragança], Estado de Pará, Brasil, y conocido solo sobre la base del holotipo, es un sinónimo junior de Gomphidia kirschii Selys, 1878, una especie de Las Filipinas. El género monotípico Mitragomphus Needham, 1944, es sinonimizado con el género Gomphidia Selys, Introduction Needham (1944) described Mitragomphus ganzanus n. gen. & sp. based on a unique male in the USNM from Braganza [Bragança], Pará State, Brazil, Miss H. B. Merrill as collector. Needham's thorough description included a diagnosis commenting on features differing from all other known neotropical Gomphidae. At the time of his description, Needham had accidentally broken both cerci but was able to recover one of these organs. His illustrations show, in addition to the head and ventral view of the epiproct, two outline views of the detached cercus. Belle (1996), based on wing illustrations supplied to him by Dr. Oliver S. Flint, Jr., and reproduced here in Fig. 5, included it together with Zonophora under the subfamily Zonophorinae and tribe Zonophorini Belle, 1983 stating that adults of both genera "... of this tribe are unique in having the metaparapteron armed with a strong posterior spine and in having the hind wing with an open anal loop (Schmidt, 1941a)" and "The exuviae referred to Mitragomphus by supposition (Belle 1977: 298 [sic! 290]) undoubtedly belongs to another genus since its abdomen has well-developed middorsal hooks (cf. Belle 1992: 19)." No other specimens had been found since the original description, and at the time that Garrison et al. (2006) were writing the chapter on the New World Gomphidae, Garrison borrowed and illustrated the holotype male providing illustrations of the wings (copied from Belle 1996), S1, subalar spines of the synthorax, auricle on S2, epiproct in dorsal view, S10 in lateral view, and three views of the detached cercus. Garrison erroneously attempted to place the cercus in its natural position in lateral view on S10 in that volume. 280 Accepted by D. Paulson: 9 Dec. 2014; published: 19 Jan. 2015

2 Dijkstra, in an to Garrison, opined that the holotype of Mitragomphus ganzanus might represent an Old World species of Gomphidae. He later noticed a similarity between the illustrations of the caudal appendages for Mitragomphus ganzanus (Figs. 671a, e, d) in Garrison et al. (2006: 114) with those of the Philippine endemic Gomphidia kirschii Selys, 1878, in the RMNH thus suggesting a possible synonymy. Subsequently, Villanueva, at the request of Garrison, forwarded specimens of G. kirschii so that comparisons could be made. Based on these comparisons, we believe Mitragomphus ganzanus to be a junior synonym of Gomphidia kirschii and suggest that Mitragomphus was incorrectly labeled as to locality and collector. This also means that the monotypic genus Mitragomphus Needham, 1944, is a synonym of the genus Gomphidia Selys, Gomphidia kirschii is a widespread species in the Philippines (Hämäläinen & Müller 1997). Selys (1878) described it based on a male from Luzon and two female specimens from Mindanao (Selys 1882). Asahina (1980) described Gomphidia platerosi sp. nov. from Leyte (type locality) and Mindanao, based on two males from Leyte and one male from Mindanao (Bislig, Surigao del Sur). In the same paper Asahina listed one male he identified as G. kirschii from Bislig, which was collected there by the same collector one day earlier than the paratype of G. platerosi. Hämäläinen & Müller (1997) ranked G. platerosi as a synonym of G. kirschii. Villanueva is presently studying the geographic and individual variability of G. kirschii within its wide range in the Philippines. We include a scan of an example of the platerosi phenotype (Fig. 4) for comparison. Material and methods Illustrations of the holotype of Mitragomphus ganzanus from Garrison et al. (2006) and photos of the holotype were compared with five males of Gomphidia kirschii from the following localities (all Philippines and all collected by Villanueva): 2 : Mindanao Island, Surigao del Sur Province, Bislig City, Tinuy-an Falls, 8 10' N, ' E, 48 m [coordinates and elevation approximate], 24 May 2009; 1 : Misamis Occidental, Siloy, Calamba, 8 33' N, ' E, 100 m [coordinates and elevation approximate], 2 : Polillo Island, Quezon Province, Polillo Municipality, Pinaglubayan area, 14 44' N, 122 0' E, 90 m [coordinates and elevation approximate; see Villanueva 2010], 18 April 2009; all in RWG. All drawings were made with the aid of a camera lucida coupled to a Nikon SMZ1500 stereoscope and are not to scale. Throughout the text and figures, S1-10 refers to abdominal segments Acronyms for collections are as follows: RMNH RWG USNM Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, NETHERLANDS Rosser W. Garrison collection, CDFA, Sacramento, CA, USA Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA Results Garrison et al. (2006: 114) attempted to position the isolated cercus of Mitragomphus ganzanus in relation to S10 in lateral view (Fig. 671a), but that figure shows the dorsal view of the cercus instead of the lateral view. This is borne out by comparing Fig. 7b of Mitragomphus ganzanus with Fig. 8b of Gomphidia kirschii in this paper. Figs. 671c (dorsal) and 671d (medial) in Garrison et al. (2006: 114) are also incorrectly labeled; they represent medial and ventral views, respectively. The cerci for both species agree well as does the condition of the epiproct, which possesses a U-shaped cleft and has its dorsal surface armed with a series of three interrupted transverse costae. Other characters for Gomphidia kirschii match those for Mitragomphus as follows: biconical vertex on the head, pronounced and acute subalar spines on synthorax, S1 with a posteriorly directed spine (Figs. 7d, 8d), auricles on S2 with two teeth (Figs. 7e, 8e). Photographs of the holotype of Mitragomphus ganzanus (Figs. 1, 2) also compare well with scanned specimens of Gomphidia kirschii (Figs. 3, 4) in shape, maculation, and wing venation (Figs. 5, 6). The question naturally arises as to how Mitragomphus was most likely mislabeled as to locality. Given that Needham had earlier published three papers on the Odonata of the Philippines (Needham & Gyger 1937, 1939, 1941) prior to his original description of Mitragomphus (Needham 1944), could Needham have accidently included MITRAGOMPHUS SYNONYM OF GOMPHIDIA Zootaxa 3911 (2) 2015 Magnolia Press 281

3 FIGURE 1. Mitragomphus ganzanus Needham, holotype male; a: dorsal view, b. type labels, c: lateral view of head, thorax, S Zootaxa 3911 (2) 2015 Magnolia Press GARRISON ET AL.

4 FIGURES 2 6. Fig. 2: Mitragomphus ganzanus Needham, holotype male, lateral view; Figs. 3 4 Gomphidia kirschii Selys, male, lateral view; Fig. 5: Mitragomphus ganzanus Needham, holotype male, wings; Fig. 6 Gomphidia kirschii Selys, male, wings. MITRAGOMPHUS SYNONYM OF GOMPHIDIA Zootaxa 3911 (2) 2015 Magnolia Press 283

5 FIGURES 7 8. Fig. 7: Mitragomphus ganzanus Needham, holotype male; Fig. 8: Gomphidia kirschii Selys, Philippines, Polillo Island. a: S10 & epiproct (& cercus for G. kirschii), lateral view; b right cercus (M. ganzanus) and left and right cercus (G. kirschii) dorsal view; c: right cercus (M. ganzanus) & right cercus and epiproct (G. kirschii), ventral view; d: S1 spine, ventral view; e: auricle on S Zootaxa 3911 (2) 2015 Magnolia Press GARRISON ET AL.

6 a Philippine specimen of Gomphidia kirschii with incorrect labels when describing Mitragomphus? Needham & Gyger (1939) also described Moroagrion danielli, n. gen. & sp. (Coenagrionidae) from the Philippines, and it was recently (Dijkstra & Kalkman 2013) found to be a junior synonym of the Palearctic Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulzer, 1776). The holotype labels for M. ganzanus give "Miss H[arriet]B[ell]/Merrill" (Fig. 1b) as collector of the specimen. Merrill ( ) did indeed collect in Brazil, and her specimens of Argia tinctipennis Selys from "Peixe-Boi, Para, Brazil," were included in Calvert's (1909) account of the Odonata of South America. She is listed in Skinner (1903: 731) as giving a talk on South American Cladocera, and she later sold 500 specimens of insects to the USNM (Rathbun 1911: 98). According to Anderson (2004), Merrill's mentor and colleague, Dr. Edward Asahel Birge of the University of Wisconsin, had suggested she go to South America despite many of her friends cautioning her not to do so. She left for Brazil by ship in early July 1902, collecting there for a year, and she returned to South America staying from 1907 to Hartridge (1997: 186) provides a chronological listing of Merrill's journeys in South America during 1902 and In 1902, she visited Pernambuco, Bahia, Rio de Janeiro (Petrópolis), and São Paulo states in Brazil from ca 19 July 25 September. In , her visits to Pará State included "[Ilha de] Marajó" ("17 August to at least 20 October 1907") the "Botanic Garden, Bosque Park, Igarape, Peixe Boi stream, Val de Camas" (December, 1907), "Rio Aramá" (12 20 November 1908) and the "Amazon River region near Santarem" (12 22 October 1908). There is no mention of Braganza [Bragança], approximately 150 km east of Peixe Boi, in her itinerary. Merrill was a scientist and a keen observer, and she provided living color notes for Calvert's (1909: 145) specimens of Argia tinctipennis that were collected at Peixe Boi on 26 & 29 November 1907, just before her notation of "December" in her itinerary. Although it is possible that Merrill might have visited the region near Bragança, we believe that this locality would have been mentioned in her itinerary. We believe that the collector was incorrectly associated with the holotype specimen of Mitragomphus and further believe that the specimen was mislabeled as to locality. This is the second instance of an Old World odonate species described under a different name being incorrectly assigned to the New World. The first was Skiallagma baueri Förster, 1906, which was found to be a junior synonym of the Paleotropical Xiphiagrion cyanomelas Selys, 1876 (Garrison 2012). Both cases are similar in that Skiallagma baueri and Mitragomphus ganzanus were known only from the type series, and the authors for both species had previously published on the Odonata fauna of the Old World. Acknowledgments Thanks are due to Oliver S. Flint, Jr., (USNM) for the loan of the holotype of Mitragomphus ganzanus, Jerry Louton for information on Harriet B. Merrill and Natalia von Ellenrieder (CDFA) and Dennis Paulson (Seattle) for critical reviews of the manuscript. References Anderson, G. (2004) More than petticoats: Remarkable Wisconsin women. The Globe Pequot Press, xiii pp. Asahina, S. (1980) Notes on the Philippine Odonata in the collection of the National Science Museum, Tokyo, Part 1. Bulletin of the national Science Museum, Series A, Zoology, 6 (2), Belle, J. (1977) Some gomphine material from Surinam, preserved in the Leyden Museum of Natural History, with a note on the larva of Desmogomphus tigrivensis Williamson (Anisoptera: Gomphidae). Odonatologica, 6 (4), Belle, J. (1992) Studies on ultimate instar larvae of neotropical Gomphidae, with the description of Tibiagomphus gen. nov. (Anisoptera). Odonatologica, 21 (1), Belle, J. (1996) Higher classification of the South-American Gomphidae (Odonata). Zoologische Meddedelingen, 70, Calvert, P.P. (1909) Contributions to a knowledge of the Odonata of the Neotropical region, exclusive of Mexico and Central America. Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 6 (3), Dijkstra, K.-D.B. & Kalkman, V.J. (2013) The African genus Argiagrion is a Brazilian Leptagrion species and the 'Philippine' Moroagrion a European Pyrrhosoma (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). International Journal of Odonatology, 16 (2), Garrison, R.W. (2012) Skiallagma baueri Förster 1906, a geographically misplaced damselfly, is a junior synonym of Xiphiagrion cyanomelas Selys 1876 (Odonata: Coenagrionidae). Zootaxa, 3514, Garrison, R.W., von Ellenrieder, N. & Louton, J.A. (2006) Dragonfly genera of the New World: An illustrated and annotated key to the Anisoptera. The Johns Hopkins University Press, xiv pp. MITRAGOMPHUS SYNONYM OF GOMPHIDIA Zootaxa 3911 (2) 2015 Magnolia Press 285

7 Hämäläinen, M. & Müller, R.A. (1997) Synopsis of the Philippine Odonata, with lists of species recorded from forty islands. Odonatologica, 26 (3), Hartridge, M.L. (1997) The anandrous journey. Revealing letters to a mentor. Amherst Press, xviii +214 pp. Needham, J.G. (1944) Further studies on Neotropical Gomphinae (Odonata). Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 69, Needham, J.G. & Gyger, M.K. (1937) The Odonata of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 63 (1), [plates excl] Needham, J.G. & Gyger, M.K. (1939) The Odonata of the Philippines, II Suborder Zygoptera. Philippine Journal of Science, 70 (3), [plates excl] Needham, J.G. & Gyger, M.K. (1941) More Odonata of the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Science, 74 (2), [plates. 1 excl] Rathbun, R. (1911) Report on the progress and condition of the U. S. National Museum for the year ending June 30, U.S. Government Printing Office, 152 pp. Schmidt, E. (1941) Revision der Gattung Zonophora Selys (Odonata Gomphidae neotrop.). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Jahrgang, 1941 (1 2), Selys Longchamps, E. de (1878) Quatrièmes additions au synopsis des Gomphines. Bulletin de l'académie Royale des sciences, des lettres et des beaux-arts de Belgique, 46 (2), , [1 106 reprint] Selys Longchamps, E. de (1882) Odonates des Philippines. Anales de la Sociedad Española de Historia natural, 11, [plates. 1 excl] Skinner, E.B. (1903) Report of the secretary. Transactions of the Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts, and Letters, 14, Villanueva, R.J. (2010) Dragonflies of Polillo Island, Philippines. International Dragonfly Fund Report, 23, Zootaxa 3911 (2) 2015 Magnolia Press GARRISON ET AL.