EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS

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Shauna Ramsey
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External Anatomy of Insects 1 The insect s

EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS These plates make

These plates are connected by joints or sutures

sutures plates 1 2 The outer layer of the

1 External Anatomy of Insects 1 The insect s exoskeleton is made up of a series of plates EXTERNAL ANATOMY OF INSECTS These plates make up the insect s exoskeleton. These plates are connected by joints or sutures that make the skeleton flexible. sutures plates 1 2 The outer layer of the exoskeleton is called the cuticle. The cuticle has an outer waxy layer. Waxy layer Cuticle 3 The main component of the exoskeleton is chitin. 4 Purpose of the Exoskeleton Insects have 3 major body divisions: 1. Supports the weight of the body. 2. Protects the body from minor injury. 3. Provides internal attachment point for the muscles. 4. Allows some chemicals to pass in or out of the body. 5. The waxy layer prevents desiccation (water loss). HEAD THORAX ABDOMEN 5 6

External Anatomy of Insects 2 Insect Head - Eyes Compound Eyes (C) - made up of many

C C Simple Eyes (S) - ocelli Insects have 0-3 simple eyes.

7 8 Compound Eyes Insect Head - Antennae 9 Insects have one pair of antennae.

Used for navigation, food location, grasping (in some species) Used for detection of:

members of their species (pheromones) 10 Insect Head - Antennae Shape, number, and size

2 External Anatomy of Insects 2 Insect Head - Eyes Compound Eyes (C) - made up of many small lenses, called ommatidia. Purpose: detect movement, light intensity and color. C C Simple Eyes (S) - ocelli Insects have 0-3 simple eyes. Purpose: detect light intensity. 7 8 Compound Eyes Insect Head - Antennae 9 Insects have one pair of antennae. May have the function of touch, smell, and in some cases, hearing. Used for navigation, food location, grasping (in some species) Used for detection of: temperature chemicals produced by plants or other foods chemicals produced by other members of their species (pheromones) 10 Insect Head - Antennae Shape, number, and size of the segments are frequently used for identification. The overall appearance of the antennae are also used in identification. INSECT ANTENNAE AS CHEMICAL DETECTORS plumose lamellate serrate filiform geniculate 11 12

External Anatomy of Insects 3 Insect Head - Mouthparts Variations in insect

Mouthparts also tell us something about the food habits of the insect

13 14 CHEWING MOUTHPARTS Insect Head - Mouthparts Piercing-sucking type - a

Examples: Aphids Mosquitoes Wheel bug 15 16 PIERCING-SUCKING MOUTHPARTS

flies) Siphoning type - consumes liquid food, such as flower nectar (Ex -

3 External Anatomy of Insects 3 Insect Head - Mouthparts Variations in insect mouthparts are frequently used in the identification of insects. Mouthparts also tell us something about the food habits of the insect Chewing type - mandibles Examples - caterpillars, wasps, and grasshoppers CHEWING MOUTHPARTS Insect Head - Mouthparts Piercing-sucking type - a proboscis that pierces tissue and sucks out fluids. Examples: Aphids Mosquitoes Wheel bug PIERCING-SUCKING MOUTHPARTS Insect Head - Mouthparts Sponging type - consumes liquefied food (Ex - flies) Siphoning type - consumes liquid food, such as flower nectar (Ex - butterflies) Chewing-lapping type - Honey bees have chewing mouthparts but they form a tongue for lapping up liquid foods

External Anatomy of Insects 4 Siphoning Mouthparts

of the legs and wings are important characteristics

appendages for movement Insects have three pairs of

active flight. They have 0-2 pairs of wings.

4 External Anatomy of Insects 4 Siphoning Mouthparts Honeybee Feeding Insect Thorax Size and shape of the legs and wings are important characteristics for identifying insects Insect Thorax Contains the appendages for movement Insects have three pairs of legs Insects are the only invertebrates capable of active flight. They have 0-2 pairs of wings. Only adult insects have wings Insect Leg Insect Legs 23 24

External Anatomy of Insects 5 Insect Flight

wings ( scraper and file ) together to make

the true legs Not found on adult insects

5 External Anatomy of Insects 5 Insect Flight Snowy Tree Cricket Males rub parts of their wings ( scraper and file ) together to make the chirp Insect Abdomen Tymbals Contains most of the vital organs for: Digestion Circulation Excretion Reproduction Abdominal Appendages - Prolegs Abdominal Appendages - Cerci Found on: caterpillars sawflies Not segmented like the true legs Not found on adult insects Segmented sensory organs on the end segment of abdomen. Most noticeable on earwigs cockroaches crickets 29 30

6 External Anatomy of Insects 6 Abdominal Appendages - Ovipositor Abdominal Appendages - Stinger Found only on female insects Used for laying eggs A modified ovipositor Found only on females insects Used for defense or catching prey HONEY BEE STINGER Spiders, Mites, and Ticks Spiders, mites, and ticks have two body divisions: Cephalothorax - fused head and thorax Abdomen - similar to Cephalothorax that of insects Abdomen Spiders, Mites, and Ticks Mouthparts - chelicerae Insect Body Aspects Dorsal Posterior Anterior Lateral Ventral 35 36

7 External Anatomy of Insects 7 QUESTIONS? 37

Arthropods. Ch. 13, pg

Arthropods. Ch. 13, pg Arthropods Ch. 13, pg. 374-382 382 Arthropods Insects Arachnids Centipedes and Millipedes Crustaceans Characteristics of Arthropods Arthropods have jointed appendages and include legs, antennae, claws,