SCI 370C: Lecture 3 Insects
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1 SCI 370C: Lecture 3 Insects 1
2 Class Insecta ( cut into pieces ) ~ thousand known species Estimated million exist Body: head, thorax, abdomen Legs: 3 pair Antennae: 1 pair Possess diverse feeding appendages/mouthparts Only invertebrate group to possess wings. Body regions Classification Mouthparts Entognathous - internal mouthparts Ectognathous - external mouthparts (>99%) Wings (ptera=wing) Apterygote - wingless Pterygote - winged Paleoptera - old/primitive wing Neoptera - new wing Metamorphosis Simple (ametabolous)-only primitive wingless insects Gradual (hemimetabolous) - Complete (holometabolous) - 2
3 Chewing Siphoning Chewing + Lapping 3
4 Piercing-sucking Sponging Classification Mouthparts Entognathous - internal mouthparts Ectognathous - external mouthparts (>99%) Wings (ptera=wing) Apterygote - wingless Pterygote - winged Paleoptera - old/primitive wing Neoptera - new wing Metamorphosis Simple (ametabolous)-only primitive wingless insects Gradual (hemimetabolous) - Complete (holometabolous) - Paleoptera = ancient wing = can t fold wings over abdomen 4
5 Neoptera= new wing = can fold wings over abdomen Wings w/scales Reduced in size 5
6 One pair of wings lost Fringed w/hairs Secondarily wingless 6
7 Front wings thickened/leathery 7
8 Many veins Classification Mouthparts Entognathous - internal mouthparts Ectognathous - external mouthparts (>99%) Wings (ptera=wing) Apterygote - wingless Pterygote - winged Paleoptera - old/primitive wing Neoptera - new wing Metamorphosis Simple (ametabolous)-only primitive wingless insects Gradual (hemimetabolous) - Complete (holometabolous) - Metamorphosis Ametabolous: egg - nymph(s) - adult. Continue to molt after adulthood. Primitively wingless Hemimetabolous: egg - nymph(s) - adult do not molt after adulthood. Possess wings, but may be secondarily wingless. Holometabolous: egg -larva(ae) - pupa -adult. Do not molt after adulthood. Possess wings, but may be secondarily wingless. 8
9 Hierarchy of taxonomic categories Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Insecta Order Family Genus (Genera) Species Entognathous Insects Internal Mouthparts Protura Collembola Diplura Order Protura: Proturans <2000 sp. Ametabolous: simple metamorphosis. No eyes. No antennae. Very small. Wingless. Feed on decomposing materials. 9
10 No antennae! to ward off enemies, they curve abdomen forward over head and discharge sticky substance from gland at tip Protura No pigment Front legs held up and function like antennae Abdomen has 12 segments (more than other insects) Order Collembola: Springtails ~6,000 sp. Ametabolous: simple metamorphosis. Furcula or fork-like springing structures. Simple eyes. Antennae. Wingless adults. Feed on decomposing materials. Collembola - Springtails Other Features: tiny: most < 1-2 mm 6 segmented abdomen specialized jumping structure: furcula 2 basic body types: globose elongate 10
11 Tree of Life Order Diplura: Diplurans <2000 sp. Ametabolous: simple metamorphosis. Two filaments at end. Compound eyes. Antennae. Wingless adults. Difference between nymphs and adults is size. Feed on decomposing materials. Apterygota External Mouthparts Ametabolous Wingless 11
12 Pterygota Paleoptera Hemimetabolous Order Odonata Order Ephemeroptera Order Ephemeroptera: Mayflies (~2500 sp.) Tree of Life Hemimetabolous metamorphosis: Winged adults live for a day. Wings at rest held over body. 2-3 caudal filaments/tails. Nymphs and adults in different habitat. Indicate good water quality. Name = brief wing Name= tooth Dragonflies and damselflies Can t fold wings over abdomen Immature stages are aquatic Adults are efficient predators 12
13 adults rely on vision to detect and capture prey generally found near aquatic habitats fast, agile fliers The eyes of the green darner have > 25K ommatidia Reproduction in Odonata mating wheel paternity assurance who s the papa? R Charlton Labial mask - extensible; modified as grasping structure to capture prey Outfitted with large moveable hooks, and often with spines that aid in securing prey 13
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