What factors affect the growth, development and responses of plants?

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1 ecurriculum System emap Licensed to: TRUMBULL PUBLIC SCHOOLS COURSE: Honors Biology UNIT: Unit 8: Plant Biology CODE: MAP LEVEL: CONTACT: Doug Winters; Denise Weed; Marty Schaivone GRADE: TIME FRAME: 3 weeks PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 27.3 SCIENCE - LIFE SCIENCE (V,VI,VII) Students will describe the flow of matter and energy in the processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration Students will describe the different structures plants have for obtaining water and sunlight Students will describe the life cycles of flowering plants as they grow from seeds, proceed through maturation and produce new seeds Students will explore and describe the effects of light and water on seed germination and plant growth Students will describe how light absorption and reflection allow us to see the shapes and colors of objects Students will describe how abiotic factors such as temperature, water and sunlight affect plants ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. ESS/FOCUS QUESTIONS Essential Questions: How do autotrophs obtain energy from their environment? Could heterotrophs survive without autotrophs? What factors affect the growth, development and responses of plants?

2 Focus Questions: What is the difference between a photoautotroph and a chemoautotroph? How are chemoautotrophic bacteria important components of the ecosystem? What is the overall, balanced equation for photosynthesis? What events occur during the light- dependent and light- independent reactions of photosynthesis? How do these reactions work cooperatively? How have plant species adapted to performing photosynthesis under different environmental conditions? What is a seed? How is it formed? How do seeds germinate into mature plants? What are the embryonic plant tissues? What is the function of each? What are the mature plant tissues? What is the function of each? How do plants respond to stimuli in their environment? CONTENT 1. Photoautotrophs obtain their energy via photosynthesis while chemoautotrophs obtain their energy via chemosynthesis. 2. Photoautotrophs inhabit terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems where sunlight is available. Chemoautotrophs inhabit ecosystems where sunlight is not readily available. 3. Photoautotrophs and chemoatotrophs serve as producers within their respective environments. 4. Chemoautotrophic bacteria play a variety of essential roles in the cycling of chemicals within the biosphere. 5. The reactants of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water. The products of

3 photosynthesis are a carbohydrate monomer, molecular oxygen and water. 6. The light- dependent reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of a chloroplast and involve the work of photosystems in harvesting light energy. These reactions release oxygen from water molecules. 7. The light- independent reactions occur in the stroma of the chloroplast and are responsible for the production of organic monomers. 8. Certain products of the light- dependent reactions are used as reactants in the light- independent reactions. Similarly, some products of the light- independent reactions become reactants of the light- dependent reactions. 9. Different plant species have adapted various photosynthetic pathways which include the C- 3, C- 4 and CAM plants. 10. A seed contains both embryonic and nutritive tissues. 11. The germination of the seed occurs when embryonic and environmental conditions are optimal. 12. Embryonic tissues develop into four mature plant tissues. 13. Plant movements can be either tropisms or nastic responses. 14. The photoperiod determines whether a plant is considered a short- day, long- day or day- neutral species. SKILLS Students should be able to: 1. Describe the difference between a photoautotroph and a chemoautotroph. 2. Discuss how autotrophs act as producers in their ecosystem. 3. Describe various ways by which chemoautotrophs contribute to the biosphere.

4 4. Write the complete, balanced equation for photosynthesis; distinguishing between the reactants and products. 5. Identify the chemical activities that occur during the light- dependent and light- independent reactions of photosynthesis. 6. Identify the locations of specific chemical reactions in the chloroplast. 7. Explain the interdependence of the light- dependent and light- independent reactions of photosynthesis. 8. Distinguish between the C- 3, C- 4 and CAM photosynthetic pathways. 9. Discuss various factors affecting photosynthetic activities. 10. Label and discuss the function of the parts of a seed, root, stem and leaf. 11. Explain the embryonic and environmental conditions necessary for seed germination. 12. Compare and contrast tropic responses and nastic responses. 13. Describe environmental triggers that affect hormonal regulation that promote flower production, fruit development and leaf loss. ASSURED EXPERIENCES Microscopic Analysis of leaves lab Pigment Chromatography lab Flower/Seed Dissection lab Microscopic Analysis of Roots/Stems lab ASSESSMENTS Microscopic Analysis of leaves lab data sheets

5 Pigment Chromatography lab data sheets Flower/Seed Dissection lab data sheets Microscopic Analysis of Roots/Stems lab data sheets Unit/chapter quizzes and tests OPTIONAL ACTIVITIES Bromothymol Blue- treatment of Elodea lab (photosynthesis vs. cell respiration) RESOURCES BSCS Blue Text Biology Lab Manuals Online Websites & Animations ADDITIONAL NOTES

Study of Biology. copyright cmassengale

Study of Biology. copyright cmassengale Study of Biology 1 What is Biology? Biology is the study of all living things Living things are called organisms Organisms include bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, & animals 2 All Living Things Share