Alternatives to competition. Lecture 13. Facilitation. Functional types of consumers. Stress Gradient Hypothesis
|
|
- Lee Dwayne Wilkerson
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lecture 13 Finishing Competition and Facilitation Consumer-Resource interactions Predator-prey population dynamics Do predators regulate prey? Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model Predator behavior matters: functional response Case history: rodent cycles Evolutionary consequences of predation Alternatives to competition Facilitation Positive interactions among species 1 spp may have positive net effect on another Examples - Succession Nurse plants Invasional meltdown Abiotic stress Facilitation Stress Gradient Hypothesis Functional types of consumers 1. Those that remove prey from prey pops : Predators kill and eat prey Parasitoids capture prey, lay eggs on/in it, and kids feed on prey - e.g. wasps and flies will use caterpillars and spiders 2. Those that harm prey by consuming some of their resources (i.e. don t kill) Herbivores eat plants or seeds Parasites consume part of an organism or insides Social parasites parasitize parental care Callaway et al. 1
2 Do predators regulate prey? Evidence: predator removal studies lead to increases in prey density (with exceptions) What is regulation? Density-dependence in birth and/or death rates (r) Do predators regulate prey? Pattern: Many predator and prey populations show very regular fluctuations in density A: amplitude change in density is from lowest to highest levels P: period how much time it takes for density cycle to repeat itself How do predators regulate prey? Increase in predation with increase in prey density (d is density-dependent) N t Do predators regulate prey? Do predators regulate prey? Pattern: Many predator and prey populations show very regular fluctuations in density SO : Does predation cause these cycles? Do prey cycle for other reasons and predator cycles are a result of prey cycles? or 2
3 Building a LV predator-prey model Putting prey and predator isoclines together: Influence of Predator behavior 2 predator responses that add stability: N P 1. Numerical response number of predators increases with prey density # prey consumed per predator constant but total # predators 2. Functional response predation rates increase w/ prey density (# prey consumed/predator ) t V Predator behavior influences predator-prey population dynamics European kestrel & voles Types of functional responses Type I predator consumes more as prey density What L-V models assume But unrealistic b/c of satiation and handling time # prey eaten per predator Prey mortality rate 3
4 types of functional responses: Type II predator consumes more as prey density but at a decreasing rate (diminishing returns) Incorporates satiation and handling time types of functional responses: Type III predation rate is accelerated at low prey density but decreases at high prey density Also incorporates satiation and handling time, plus # prey eaten per predator Prey mortality rate # prey eaten per predator Prey mortality rate What causes Type III functional response? At low prey densities: Search image Prey refugia Prey switching At high prey densities: Handling time and satiation (converges on Type II) Return to Competition Apparent Competition can happen when: predators consume prey at a rate that increases with prey abundance Both prey spp lower densities when they are together vs. separate Appears like competition 4
5 Evolutionary responses to predation Coevolution is the evolutionary outcome of species interactions (reciprocal evolutionary response) Aposematism warning coloration Mimicry having a phenotype similar to a different sp Mullerian mimicry: several different species that are each toxic/nasty converge on same signal Batesian mimicry: non-toxic species mimicking a toxic species Evolutionary responses to predation Why mimic? - Benefit from lesson learned by predators How does this work when nasty species are lethal? - Dead predators can t learn! Natural selection favors those individuals with innate ability to recognize toxic species Evolutionary responses to predation Case history #1: Experiment to test for innate recognition of toxic species by predators (Smith) Predator: mot-mots (eats snakes) Question: do mot-mots have innate recognition of coral snake pattern? Mot-mots raised in captivity (no snake experience) exposed to 3 treatments: 5
6 Evolutionary responses to predation, 2 Emory Oak (Quercus emoryi) with catkins (flower spike) Evolutionary responses to predation Case history #2: Developmental mimicry polymorphism What is basis of these polymorphisms in caterpillars? - Diet, temperature, or photoperiod? Experiment: split broods from a single mother; expose each group to different factors Results: Caterpillars fed pollen catkin mimics Caterpillars fed leaves twig mimics Diet determines difference, not photoperiod or temperature! photo Erick Greene Sex-limited Batesian mimicry in Papilio dardanus Evolutionary consequences of predation What are the various adaptations that prey evolve in order to reduce their predation risk? in this species, only females are mimetic species is polymorphic different models are mimicked in different areas Mullerian mimicry Heliconius spp. models mimics (nasty) (yummy) 6
Predator behavior influences predator-prey population dynamics. Predator behavior influences predator-prey population dynamics
Predator behavior influences predator-prey population dynamics There are two types of predator behavior (responses to prey) that add stability to these predator-prey population dynamics: 1. Numerical response
More informationPredation. Predation & Herbivory. Lotka-Volterra. Predation rate. Total rate of predation. Predator population 10/23/2013. Review types of predation
Predation & Herbivory Chapter 14 Predation Review types of predation Carnivory Parasitism Parasitoidism Cannabalism Lotka-Volterra Predators control prey populations and prey control predator populations
More information-The study of the interactions between the different species in an area
Community Ecology -The study of the interactions between the different species in an area Interspecific Interactions -Interaction between different species -May be positive, negative, or neutral and include
More informationChapter 22: Descent with Modification
NAME DATE Chapter 22: Descent with Modification 1. What was the significance of the publishing of Charles Darwin s book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection? 2. Explain the two major
More informationPredation. Vine snake eating a young iguana, Panama. Vertebrate predators: lions and jaguars
Predation Vine snake eating a young iguana, Panama Vertebrate predators: lions and jaguars 1 Most predators are insects Parasitoids lay eggs in their hosts, and the larvae consume the host from the inside,
More informationBIOS 6150: Ecology Dr. Stephen Malcolm, Department of Biological Sciences
BIOS 6150: Ecology Dr. Stephen Malcolm, Department of Biological Sciences Week 7: Dynamics of Predation. Lecture summary: Categories of predation. Linked prey-predator cycles. Lotka-Volterra model. Density-dependence.
More informationIntroduction interspecific interactions
Introduction There are different interspecific interactions, relationships between the species of a community (what s the definition of a community again?). While you re at it, what s the definition of
More information3 Types of Interactions
CHAPTER 18 3 Types of Interactions SECTION Interactions of Living Things BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What determines an area s carrying capacity?
More informationBIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 8: Predator foraging & prey defense. 2. Predation: 3. Predator diet breadth and preference:
BIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 8: Predator foraging & prey defense 1. Lecture Summary: What is predation? Predator diet breadth. Preference & switching. Optimal foraging. Marginal value theorem. Functional
More informationorganism Community Ecology population community ecosystem biosphere
organism Community Ecology population community ecosystem biosphere Community Ecology Community all the organisms that live together in a place interactions Community Ecology study of interactions among
More informationorganism population community ecosystem biosphere Community Ecology AP Biology
organism Community Ecology population community ecosystem biosphere Community Ecology Community all the organisms that live together in a place = interactions Community Ecology To answer: study of interactions
More informationEssential Questions. What factors are most significant in structuring a community?
Community Ecology Essential Questions What factors are most significant in structuring a community? What determines a communities species composition and the relative amount of species present? What is
More informationECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR LIVING COMMUNITIES
ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR LIVING COMMUNITIES COMMUNITY Each community is made up of populations of various organisms living in the same location at the same time. community 1 = popln 1 + popln 2 + popln 3 Each
More informationorganism population community ecosystem biosphere Community Ecology AP Biology
organism Community Ecology population community ecosystem biosphere Community Ecology Community all the organisms that live together in a place interactions Community Ecology study of interactions among
More information4/17/17. Community Ecology populations interact? Community Ecology. Niche. Community all the organisms that live together in a place interactions
Community Ecology organism populatio n community ecosystem biosphere Community Ecology Community all the organisms that live together in a place interactions To answer: In what way do the Community Ecology
More informationCoevolution of predators and prey
Coevolution of predators and prey 1) Evolution of predator-prey interactions 2) Arms race analogy 3) Examples of predator-prey coevolution? 4) Steady-state theory 5) Evolution of aposematic coloration
More informationAge (x) nx lx. Population dynamics Population size through time should be predictable N t+1 = N t + B + I - D - E
Population dynamics Population size through time should be predictable N t+1 = N t + B + I - D - E Time 1 N = 100 20 births 25 deaths 10 immigrants 15 emmigrants Time 2 100 + 20 +10 25 15 = 90 Life History
More informationEcology 203, Exam III. November 16, Print name:
Ecology 203, Exam III. November 16, 2005. Print name: Read carefully. Work accurately and efficiently. The exam is worth 100 points (plus 6 extra credit points). Choose four of ten concept-exploring questions
More informationEcology Notes CHANGING POPULATIONS
Ecology Notes TEK 8.11 (B) Investigate how organisms and populations in an ecosystem depend on and may compete for biotic and abiotic factors such as quantity of light, water, range of temperatures, or
More information1. competitive exclusion => local elimination of one => competitive exclusion principle (Gause and Paramecia)
Chapter 54: Community Ecology A community is defined as an assemblage of species living close enough together for potential interaction. Each member of same community has a particular habitat and niche.
More informationHalf Hollow Hills High School AP Biology
Chapter 53 Community Ecology Essential questions What factors structure a community? What species & how many are present in a community? In what way do the populations interact? What roles do species play
More informationBIOL 410 Population and Community Ecology. Predation
BIOL 410 Population and Community Ecology Predation Intraguild Predation Occurs when one species not only competes with its heterospecific guild member, but also occasionally preys upon it Species 1 Competitor
More informationSpecies 1 isocline. Species 2 isocline
1 Name BIOLOGY 150 Final Exam Winter Quarter 2002 Before starting please write your name on each page! Last name, then first name. You have tons of time. Take your time and read each question carefully
More informationChapter Community Ecology
Studying organisms in their environment organism population community ecosystem biosphere Chapter 56-57 Community Ecology organism population community ecosystem biosphere Community Ecology Community all
More informationChapter 8 Understanding Populations
Chapter 8 Understanding Populations Section 2: How Species Interact with Each Other Key Terms: Niche Competition Predation Parasitism Mutualism Commensalism Symbiosis How Species Interact with Each Other
More informationPopulations L3.notebook. June 10, Today you will: Jun 8 8:59 AM
Today you will: Jun 8 8:59 AM 1 Population all the members of a species in a locality at a particular time Community all the species in a given area Geographic range the region where an organism is sighted
More informationQuestion #01. Feedback on Each Answer Choice. Solution. Ecology Problem Drill 20: Mutualism and Coevolution
Ecology Problem Drill 20: Mutualism and Coevolution Question No. 1 of 10 Question 1. The concept of mutualism focuses on which of the following: Question #01 (A) Interaction between two competing species
More informationPlant Insect Interactions
Plant Insect Interactions Herbivory Plant reproduction Domatia Evolution of Insect Herbivory Early hexapods contact plant parts in soil Vascular plants diversfied 300 MYA Fossil traces of insect eating
More informationWe share the earth with all of the other creatures; removing any organism from an environment can have many diverse consequences - not always
Ecology We share the earth with all of the other creatures; removing any organism from an environment can have many diverse consequences - not always predictable ones. Ecology is the study of the interactions
More informationEcology Symbiotic Relationships
Ecology Symbiotic Relationships Overview of the Co-evolution and Relationships Exhibited Among Community Members What does Symbiosis mean? How do we define Symbiosis? Symbiosis in the broadest sense is
More informationEcology Notes Part 1. Abiotic NONliving components in an ecosystem. Ecosystem
Ecology Notes Part 1 Ecology the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment Ecosystem an organism s surroundings consisting of both living and nonliving things and how that organism
More informationBIOS 5970: Plant-Herbivore Interactions Dr. Stephen Malcolm, Department of Biological Sciences
BIOS 5970: Plant-Herbivore Interactions Dr. Stephen Malcolm, Department of Biological Sciences D. POPULATION & COMMUNITY DYNAMICS Week 13. Herbivory, predation & parasitism: Lecture summary: Predation:
More informationBehavior of the Day! Macroevolutionary Patterns of Behavior. Adaptive and Non-adaptive behavior. Adaptation vs Exaptation. Historical Hypotheses
Macroevolutionary Patterns of Behavior Outline Adaptive versus Non-adaptive hypotheses Using phylogenetics to test hypotheses in behavioral ecology Meet Snowball the cockatoo! Behavior of the Day! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hf7xttvu2sm
More informationCommunity Interactions. Community An assemblage of all the populations interacting in an area
Community Interactions Community An assemblage of all the populations interacting in an area Populations are affected by: Available living space habitat Resource Availability niche Species interactions
More informationHuman Carrying Capacity. Dangers of overshooting
How to calculate carrying capacity 1. Sum estimates of regional K. 2. Curve Fitting 3. Assume Single Resource Constraint 4. Reduce Multiple Requirements to one factor 5. Assume Multiple Independent Constraints
More informationCommunity Ecology. PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece
Chapter 54 Community Ecology PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell and Jane Reece Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp
More informationOutline. Ecology: Succession and Life Strategies. Interactions within communities of organisms. Key Concepts:
Ecology: Succession and Life Strategies Interactions within communities of organisms u 1. Key concepts Outline u 2. Ecosystems and communities u 3. Competition, Predation, Commensalism, Mutualism, Parasitism
More informationName Student ID. Good luck and impress us with your toolkit of ecological knowledge and concepts!
Page 1 BIOLOGY 150 Final Exam Winter Quarter 2000 Before starting be sure to put your name and student number on the top of each page. MINUS 3 POINTS IF YOU DO NOT WRITE YOUR NAME ON EACH PAGE! You have
More informationEcology - Defined. Introduction. scientific study. interaction of plants and animals and their interrelationships with the physical environment
Ecology - Defined Introduction scientific study interaction of plants and animals and their interrelationships with the physical environment Ecology - Levels of Organization Abiotic factors (non-living
More informationCommunity Structure. Community An assemblage of all the populations interacting in an area
Community Structure Community An assemblage of all the populations interacting in an area Community Ecology The ecological community is the set of plant and animal species that occupy an area Questions
More informationChapter 54: Community Ecology
Name Period Concept 54.1 Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved. 1. What is a community? List six organisms that would be found in your
More informationdv dt Predator-Prey Models
Predator-Prey Models This is a diverse area that includes general models of consumption: Granivores eating seeds Parasitoids Parasite-host interactions Lotka-Voterra model prey and predator: V = victim
More informationPolyphenic Insects. genotype X environment = phenotype POLYPHENISM. genetic polymorphism vs polyphenism. the peppered moth.
What makes for differences between individuals? Polyphenic Insects genes environment genotype X environment = phenotype POLYPHENISM poly many (more than one anyway) phen - form genetic polymorphism vs
More informationChapter 11: Species Interactions II - Predation
Chapter 11: Species Interactions II - Predation 1 Predator-prey relationships Definition: interaction between species whereby one is totally or partially consumed or harmed by the other 2 Types of predator-prey
More informationCh20_Ecology, community & ecosystems
Community Ecology Populations of different species living in the same place NICHE The sum of all the different use of abiotic resources in the habitat by s given species what the organism does what is
More information6 TH. Most Species Compete with One Another for Certain Resources. Species Interact in Five Major Ways. Some Species Evolve Ways to Share Resources
Endangered species: Southern Sea Otter MILLER/SPOOLMAN ESSENTIALS OF ECOLOGY 6 TH Chapter 5 Biodiversity, Species Interactions, and Population Control Fig. 5-1a, p. 104 Species Interact in Five Major Ways
More informationEcology 302: Lecture VII. Species Interactions.
Ecology 302: Lecture VII. Species Interactions. (Gotelli, Chapters 6; Ricklefs, Chapter 14-15) MacArthur s warblers. Variation in feeding behavior allows morphologically similar species of the genus Dendroica
More informationSlide 1. Earth Science. Chapter 10 Ecosystems
Slide 1 Earth Science Chapter 10 Ecosystems 1 Slide 2 Section 1 Living Things & the Environment Habitats Organism a living thing: Plants, animals, fungi, etc. Habitat an area that provides the things an
More informationBiology Principles of Ecology Oct. 20 and 27, 2011 Natural Selection on Gall Flies of Goldenrod. Introduction
1 Biology 317 - Principles of Ecology Oct. 20 and 27, 2011 Natural Selection on Gall Flies of Goldenrod Introduction The determination of how natural selection acts in contemporary populations constitutes
More informationBIO S380T Page 1 Summer 2005: Exam 2
BIO S380T Page 1 Part I: Definitions. [5 points for each term] For each term, provide a brief definition that also indicates why the term is important in ecology or evolutionary biology. Where I ve provided
More informationPopulation Ecology. Study of populations in relation to the environment. Increase population size= endangered species
Population Basics Population Ecology Study of populations in relation to the environment Purpose: Increase population size= endangered species Decrease population size = pests, invasive species Maintain
More informationChapter 6 Population and Community Ecology. Thursday, October 19, 17
Chapter 6 Population and Community Ecology Module 18 The Abundance and Distribution of After reading this module you should be able to explain how nature exists at several levels of complexity. discuss
More informationREVIEW OF PHYLOGENY AND EUKARYOTIC ORIGINS (QUIZ MON)
REVIEW OF PHYLOGENY AND EUKARYOTIC ORIGINS (QUIZ MON) Why is biodiversity important? What are phylogeny and systematics? What does it mean for a phylogenetic tree to be rooted? What is a dichotomous key?
More informationEcological Population Dynamics
Ecological Population Dynamics Biotic potential The maximum number of offspring an organism can produce is its biotic potential. What keeps organisms from reaching their full biotic potential? Environmental
More informationLecture 12. Chapter 10: Predator Prey interactions Chapter 11: Plant Herbivore interactions
Lecture 12 Chapter 10: Predator Prey interactions Chapter 11: Plant Herbivore interactions 10.1: Introduction-Historical Perspective Aldo Leopold and the dichotomous view Differences between simplistic
More informationHOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS FOR: Grade
HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENTS FOR: Date 4/25/18 Wednesday Teacher Ms. Weger Subject/Grade Science 7 th Grade In-Class: REVIEW FOR CH. 22 TEST Go over the 22-3 Think Questions Look at the data from the Oh Deer!
More informationWelcome to Principles of Entomology!
Welcome to Principles of Entomology! ENY 3005/5006 Course Packet and Study Guides 10: Insects & Plants Over 360,000 species of insects feed on Angiosperms (the flowering plants), and insects have fed on
More informationUnit 6 Populations Dynamics
Unit 6 Populations Dynamics Define these 26 terms: Commensalism Habitat Herbivory Mutualism Niche Parasitism Predator Prey Resource Partitioning Symbiosis Age structure Population density Population distribution
More information8/18/ th Grade Ecology and the Environment. Lesson 1 (Living Things and the Environment) Chapter 1: Populations and Communities
Lesson 1 (Living Things and the Environment) 7 th Grade Ecology and the Environment Chapter 1: Populations and Communities organism a living thing (plant, animal, bacteria, protist, fungi) Different types
More informationSection 4 Professor Donald McFarlane
Craniates Section 4 Professor Donald McFarlane Lecture 20 Ecology 3: Species Interactions. 2 defining characteristics compared to invertebrate chordates 1. Cranium - protective bony or cartilaginous housing
More informationPage # Herbivory. I. Introduction A. Functional types of heterotrophs. Predators. Parasites. Herbivores. How do they differ?
Herbivory I. Introduction A. Functional types of heterotrophs Predators Parasites Herbivores How do they differ? Functional types of heterotrophs Predators - kill and eat several animals (prey) over lifetime
More informationGrade 7 Lesson Instructions Friend or Foe? Preparation: Background information: Activity:
Instructions Friend or Foe? You can use monarchs to teach about many things! Stone Mountain Memorial Association (SMMA) uses the monarch butterfly to help students apply their knowledge in other contexts
More informationChapter 44. Table of Contents. Section 1 Development of Behavior. Section 2 Types of Animal Behavior. Animal Behavior
Animal Behavior Table of Contents Section 1 Development of Behavior Section 2 Types of Animal Behavior Section 1 Development of Behavior Objectives Identify four questions asked by biologists who study
More informationChapter 6 Reading Questions
Chapter 6 Reading Questions 1. Fill in 5 key events in the re-establishment of the New England forest in the Opening Story: 1. Farmers begin leaving 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Broadleaf forest reestablished 2.
More informationChapter 10. Marine Ecology
Chapter 10 Marine Ecology Copyright 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education. Marine Ecology Ecology is
More informationCommunity interactions can provide strong selection factors in evolution
CHAPTER 48 COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OUTLINE I. The interactive and individualistic hypotheses pose alternative explanations of community structure: science as a process II. III. IV. Community interactions can
More informationCHAPTER 52 Study Questions (An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere)
WLHS / AP Bio / Monson Name CHAPTER 52 Study Questions (An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere) 52.1: Earth s climate varies by latitude and season and is changing rapidly (p. 1144-1150) 1) Distinguish
More informationUnit 8: Ecology Guided Reading Questions (60 pts total)
AP Biology Biology, Campbell and Reece, 10th Edition Adapted from chapter reading guides originally created by Lynn Miriello Name: Unit 8: Ecology Guided Reading Questions (60 pts total) Chapter 51 Animal
More informationField experiments on competition. Field experiments on competition. Field experiments on competition
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SPECIES Type of interaction species 1 species 2 competition consumer-resource (pred, herb, para) mutualism detritivore-detritus (food is dead) Field experiments on competition Example
More informationReview Quizzes Chapters 45-50
Review Quizzes Chapters 45-50 1) Which of the following is a non-density-dependent factor that affects a population? a. spread of disease b. space c. earthquake d. food e. mating and reproduction 1) Which
More informationPlant-animal interactions
Plant-animal interactions Co-evolution? Herbivory Plant defense Pollination Seed dispersal Interactions across the life cycle Conservation: butterflies/host plants Photos: Ricklefs (Economy of Nature),
More informationBiology 11 Unit 1: Fundamentals. Lesson 1: Ecology
Biology 11 Unit 1: Fundamentals Lesson 1: Ecology Objectives In this section you will be learning about: ecosystem structure energy flow through an ecosystem photosynthesis and cellular respiration factors
More informationTypes of Consumers. herbivores
no energy = no life Types of Consumers herbivores herbivore us vegetation to swallow or devour Types of Consumers herbivores the organisms that eat plants carnivores carnivore us flesh to swallow or devour
More informationFactors Affecting Rate of Food Consumption
Factors Affecting Rate of Food Consumption Factors Affecting Rate of Food Consumption Prey density (availabilty) Attack rate Handling time Learning, switching, microhabitat selection Functional Response:
More informationCHAPTER. Evolution and Community Ecology
CHAPTER 5 Evolution and Community Ecology Lesson 5.2 Species Interactions The zebra mussel has completely displaced 20 native mussel species in Lake St. Clair. Lesson 5.2 Species Interactions The Niche
More informationWhat Shapes an Ecosystem? Section 4-2 pgs 90-97
What Shapes an Ecosystem? Section 4-2 pgs 90-97 What Shapes an Ecosystem? If you ask an ecologist where a particular organism lives, that person might say the organism lives on a Caribbean coral reef,
More informationPopulations Study Guide (KEY) All the members of a species living in the same place at the same time.
Populations Study Guide (KEY) 1. Define Population. All the members of a species living in the same place at the same time. 2. List and explain the three terms that describe population. a. Size. How large
More informationCommunity Ecology. The Niche Concept. Why do species Y & Z coexist? Community Ecology. Interspecific Interactions. Community Ecology: Interactions
THE REALM OF ECOLOGY Biosphere Ecosystem Community Ecology: Interactions among members of all of the species in a given habitat. Biosphere Ecosystems Communities Populations Organisms Community: All the
More informationEcosystems. 2. Ecosystem
1. Studying our living Planet The biosphere consist of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere. Ecology is the scientific study of interactions
More information11/10/13. How do populations and communities interact and change? Populations. What do you think? Do you agree or disagree? Do you agree or disagree?
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Populations Lesson 2 Changing Populations Lesson 3 Communities Chapter Wrap-Up How do populations and communities interact and change? What do you think? Before you begin,
More informationBio112 Home Work Community Structure
Bio112 Home Work Community Structure Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. All of the populations of different species that occupy and are adapted
More informationRelationships and Energy within the Ecosystem Study Guide
Name Date Class AM PM Relationships and Energy within the Ecosystem Study Guide Your test is on Outcome 1: Evaluate the relationships within an ecosystem to show similarities and differences. Fill in the
More informationSTUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 2
STUDY GUIDE CHAPTER 2 ANIMAL ECOLOGY 1.1 Every Species Has Its Niche 1.2 Hierarchy of Ecology A. Definitions and Levels of Study 1. Ecology is the study of the relationship of organisms to their environment.
More informationAcademic Year Second Term. Science Revision sheets
Academic Year 2015-2016 Second Term Science Revision sheets Name: Date: Grade:3/ Q1 : Choose the letter of the choice that best answer the questions 1. Which of these is what a plant does that makes more
More information2. Which of the following is an organism that is made of only one cell? A. a larva B. an oyster C. an amoeba D. a mold
1. I am the barrier between the inside and the outside of the cell. I allow food, oxygen, and other needed materials to enter the cell. I am a part of animal and plant cells. A. cell membrane B. cell wall
More informationFood Chains. energy: what is needed to do work or cause change
Have you ever seen a picture that shows a little fish about to be eaten by a big fish? Sometimes the big fish has an even bigger fish behind it. This is a simple food chain. A food chain is the path of
More informationThe factors together:
Biotic Interactions 8.11A DESCRIBE PRODUCER/CONSUMER, PREDATOR/PREY AND PARASITE/HOST RELATIONSHIPS AS THEY OCCUR IN FOOD WEBS WITHIN MARINE, FRESHWATER AND TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS Biotic These are the
More informationEcology Student Edition. A. Sparrows breathe air. B. Sparrows drink water. C. Sparrows use the sun for food. D. Sparrows use plants for shelter.
Name: Date: 1. Which of the following does not give an example of how sparrows use resources in their environment to survive? A. Sparrows breathe air. B. Sparrows drink water. C. Sparrows use the sun for
More informationGary G. Mittelbach Michigan State University
Community Ecology Gary G. Mittelbach Michigan State University Sinauer Associates, Inc. Publishers Sunderland, Massachusetts U.S.A. Brief Table of Contents 1 Community Ecology s Roots 1 PART I The Big
More informationTypes of Interactions
3 Types of Interactions Key Concept Organisms depend on their relationships with each other and on the resources in their environment. What You Will Learn Limiting factors determine the carrying capacity
More informationFlower Power!! Background knowledge material and dissection directions.
Flower Power!! Background knowledge material and dissection directions. 96 Plant Dissection 3.2 Plants Essential Question: Why do plants have flowers? Questions: As you read the lab background, complete
More informationChapter 6 Population and Community Ecology
Chapter 6 Population and Community Ecology Friedland and Relyea Environmental Science for AP, second edition 2015 W.H. Freeman and Company/BFW AP is a trademark registered and/or owned by the College Board,
More informationLiving Things and the Environment
Unit 21.1 Living Things and the Environment Section 21.1 Organisms obtain food, water, shelter, and other things it needs to live, grow, and reproduce from its environment. An environment that provides
More informationBIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 14: Life Histories: 2. Components of life histories: Growth, fecundity and survivorship. 3. Components of life histories:
BIOS 3010: Ecology Lecture 14: Life Histories: Lecture summary: Components of life histories: Growth. Fecundity. Survivorship. Reproductive value. Trade-offs. r- and K-selection. Habitat templates. Clutch
More informationCommunity and Population Ecology Populations & Communities Species Diversity Sustainability and Environmental Change Richness and Sustainability
1 2 3 4 Community and Population Ecology Chapter 6 Populations & Communities Biosphere> ecosystems> communities> populations> individuals A population is all of the individuals of the same species in a
More informationChapter 53 Community Ecology
Chapter 53 Community Ecology Key Vocabulary Terms: community, interspecific interaction vs. intraspecific interaction, coevolution, predation, parasitism, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, camouflage, aposematic
More informationWhitney Cranshaw Colorado State University
Natural and Biological Controls of Shade Tree Insect Pests Whitney Cranshaw Colorado State University Natural Controls Natural Enemies Abiotic (Weather) Controls Topographic Limitations Temperature Extremes
More informationCommunity. Competition. Chapter 54:Community Ecology. Fig. 54.1
Chapter 54:Community Ecology 1 Community Community - assemblage of populations of various species living close enough for potential interaction Interspecific Interactions - interactions with other species
More informationUnderstanding Populations Section 1. Chapter 8 Understanding Populations Section1, How Populations Change in Size DAY ONE
Chapter 8 Understanding Populations Section1, How Populations Change in Size DAY ONE What Is a Population? A population is a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical
More informationAdaptive Traits. Natural selection results in evolution of adaptations. Adaptation: trait that enhances an organism's survival and reproduction
Adaptive Traits Adaptive Traits Natural selection results in evolution of adaptations Adaptation: trait that enhances an organism's survival and reproduction Nothing in biology makes sense except in the
More information