How bacteria in colonies can survive by killing their brothers and sisters
|
|
- Walter Nelson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 How bacteria in colonies can survive by killing their brothers and sisters Harry Swinney University of Texas at Austin bacterial colony 6 cm at U. Texas: Avraham Be er Hepeng Zhang Shelley Payne E.L. Florin G. Ariel with E. Ben-Jacob (Tel Aviv U)
2 Fractal growth in electrodeposition in 0.15 M zinc sulffate solution Argoul, Arneodo, & Swinney, Phys. Rev. Lett. 61 (1988) D = mm 12 V electrodes glass plates
3 Praud, Swinney, Phys. Rev. E (2005); Leshchiner, Thrasher, Mineev, Swinney Phys. Rev. E (2010) Pattern grown from an air bubble in oil layer dia = 288 mm oil layer old young pump air into center hole D = 1.70
4 Fractal pattern formed by growing bacterial colony Matsuyama, Harshey, Matsushita, Fractals (1993); Ben-Jacob et al, Nature (1995) 35 mm Bacillus subtilis
5 Bacterial colony pattern Paenibacillus dentritiformis (C morphotype) Eshel Ben-Jacob et al., Ann. Review Microbiology (1998) initial inoculation
6 TEM Inoculate agar gel with bacteria Petri dish 5 μl drop (~ 10 5 bacteria) agar gel 88 mm Paenibacillus dentritiformis Bacillus subtilis 1 μm flagella 7 μm
7 Paenibacillus subtilis colony (after six days growth on a gel) 40 mm
8 Motion and growth occurs only near the colony edge
9 Growth of nearby bacterial colonies Paenibacillus dendritiformis sibling colonies (from same culture)
10 Competing Bacterial Colonies Fujikawa & Matsushita --- Bacillus subtilis: J. Phys. Soc. Japan (1991) 10 μm 10 μm Explanation: food depletion
11 Competing Paenebacillus dendritiformis colonies: x final /d growth stops no matter how much food available MID-LINE d x final 25 mm MID-LINE
12 Change research direction from a study of bacterial colony patterns to address question: Why don t growing neighboring colonies collide?
13 Transition from growth to inhibition growth front position x (mm) single colony 2 colonies x final (mm) d final position x f sharp transition from unhibited to inhibited growth
14 Transition to inhibited growth occurs for colonies with any initial separation d x (mm) deceleration 1.1 μm/h 2
15 Inoculate gel with an annulus No growth inside even though there is sufficient nutrient there
16 Grow colonies from different initial gel inoculation patterns
17 Model: assume prespores secrete inhibitor u(r,t) take colony radius R c (t) from experiment: agar=1.5% peptone=2g/l prespore spore R ( t) = Vt c Vt lag x (mm) 10 D (mm) time (h) (h) 4 μm experiment also indicates R p = αr c (t) where α is constant
18 Model for inhibitor concentration u(r,t) u( r, t) t where = D 2 u( r, t) + A H ( R p r C limits inhibitor generation to prespore region i ) H ( u max u( r, t)) limits u to a maximum value D A H(x) C i u max diffusion coefficient (measured) an amplitude Heaviside step function center of the ith inoculation maximum u for inhibitor (for u > u max sporolation is complete and no inhibitor is generated) u T threshold: for u > u T, colony growth decelerates (as observed)
19 Model prediction for two competing colonies inhibitor concentration (mass/mm 2 ) u max threshold u T neighboring colonies
20 Inhibitor saturates below threshold u T in direction away from neighbor inhibitor concentration (mass/mm 2 ) outer edge of colony threshold u T
21 Initial inoculation: C-shaped
22 Calculate initial inhibitor concentration u(r,t=0) from model: u(r,t) [mass/mm 2 ] u threshold
23 Compare model prediction with experiment u(r,t) [mass/mm 2 ] u threshold Be er et al. PNAS (2009) 0.012
24 More than starvation or inhibition Bacteria from b grow in a rich nutrient broth, but bacteria from a don t grow at all they are dead. b a
25 What kills the bacteria?
26 Extract and analyze material from gel between two competing colonies
27 Gel electrophoresis of material extracted from gel between two growing colonies 2 colonies reference 1 reference 40 kda flagellin subtilisin 30 kda [Da (Dalton) is an atomic mass unit] 20 kda 15 kda XXX? (12 kda) 10 kda
28 Effect of subtilisin on a single colony Initially promotes growth, then growth is inhibited 0 h 10 h 20 h subtilisin (0.2% solution) introduced 1 day after bacterial inoculation 30 h 40 h extract gel for analysis
29 Analyze gel extract after introducing subtilisin near a single growing colony 1 colony flagellin subtilisin colony + subtilisin reference markers increasing molecular weight 17 kda XXX 14 kda 11 kda 8 kda XXX is present only when subtilisin concentration exceeds a threshold 6 kda
30 Isolate XXX and determine its effect on growth of a single colony lysed (ruptured) cells XXX 5 mm
31 Analyze XXX: It is a protein, but it is not listed in the Protein Data Bank. name it Slf --- Sibling lethal factor Be er et al., PNAS (2010)
32 The genome of Paenebacillus dentritiformis bacteria has previously been sequenced. Therefore, the gene that codes for our protein can be identified. However, the protein that the gene encodes has Molecular Weight 20.4 kda, not 12 kda (??) Name the gene dfsb, dendritiformis sibling Bacteriocin, and the 20.4 kda protein DfsB Surprisingly, DfsB has no effect on a P. dentriformis bacterial colony
33 Amino acid sequence of the 20.4 kda protein DfsB Large letters (positions 5-169): amino acid sequence associated with a conserved Pfam family domain, which occurs in many bacteria, but previously was of unknown function.
34 Amino acid sequence of the 20.4 kda protein DfsB subtilisin cleaves here Slf (12 kda) Large letters (positions 5-169): amino acid sequence associated with a conserved Pfam family domain, which occurs in many bacteria, but previously was of unknown function.
35 A better model Gil Ariel Scalar concentration fields: b(r,t): bacteria p(r,t): pre-spores n(r,t): nutrients s(r,t): subtilisin x(r,t): Slf
36 Model results: regulatory mechanism subtilisin and Slf concentration at the colony s moving front subtilisin threshold subtilisin: 2 colonies subtilisin: 1 colony Slf Bb Be er et al. PNAS (2010) front position (cm) 0.4 0
37 Look inside the colony dead rod-shaped bacterium TEM log 10 (# bacteria in 250x250 μm 2 ) RODS 1 μm
38 Transition: rods to spheres ( cocci ) a new Paenibacillus dentritiformis morphotype Be er et al. mbio (2011) coccus 0.8 μm log 10 (# bacteria in 250x250 μm 2 ) COCCI RODS TEM Conclude: at low Slf, rods switch to cocci, which are not affected by Slf zone
39 Cocci and rods are genetically the same colony of cocci colony of rods 5 μm
40 Cocci colonies grow even with Slf present, but growth is slower than growth of rods Cocci colonies are circular, not fractal. Slf
41 Cocci colony after 48 hours grown at high nutrient level colony edge agar 100 μm
42 10 μm rods agar at 54 hours: rods form at the edge of the colony Be er et al. mbio (2011) cocci colony
43 Later: most cocci have switched to rods 10 μm
44 Neighboring bacterial colonies Transition from growth to deadly sibling competition Deadliness due to protein Slf, a narrow spectrum bacteriocin (first in a new class of antibacterial proteins?) Slf Slf Survival by a transition a reversible switch to a new form (3 forms: WT rods, cocci, spores)
Introduction to the mathematical modeling of multi-scale phenomena
Introduction to the mathematical modeling of multi-scale phenomena Diffusion Brownian motion Brownian motion (named after botanist Robert Brown) refers to the random motion of particles suspended in a
More informationWorksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #13 Bacteriology
Worksheet for Morgan/Carter Laboratory #13 Bacteriology Ex. 13-1: INVESTIGATING CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIA Lab Study A: Colony Morphology Table 13.1 Characteristics of Bacterial Colonies Name of Bacteria
More informationSegregation of two seed growth patterns with fractal geometry. Department of Physics, University of Pune, Pune , India
Segregation of two seed growth patterns with fractal geometry Deepak N. Bankar 1, P. M. Gade 2, A.V. Limaye 1 and A. G. Banpurkar 1* 1 Center for Advanced Studies in Materials Science and Solid State Physics,
More informationPaenibacillus dendritiformis bacterial colony growth depends on surfactant but not on bacterial motion
JB Accepts, published online ahead of print on July J. Bacteriol. doi:./jb.- Copyright, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. Paenibacillus dendritiformis
More informationPaenibacillus dendritiformis Bacterial Colony Growth Depends on Surfactant but Not on Bacterial Motion
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY, Sept. 2009, p. 5758 5764 Vol. 191, No. 18 0021-9193/09/$08.00 0 doi:10.1128/jb.00660-09 Copyright 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. Paenibacillus dendritiformis
More informationpglo/amp R Bacterial Transformation Lab
pglo/amp R Bacterial Transformation Lab Name: Date: Purpose: To gain an understanding of the techniques of culturing E. coli bacteria and transforming E. coli bacteria using genetic engineering. Introduction:
More informationMICROBIOLOGY LAB #1 SAFETY RULES & GRAM STAIN METHOD
MICROBIOLOGY LAB #1 SAFETY RULES & GRAM STAIN METHOD Precaution processes are extremely important when working with cultures in the lab for the safety of the microbiologist from getting diseases from bacteria
More informationENTEROBACTER AEROGENES UNKNOWN BACTERIA FLOW CHART UNKNOWN LAB REPORT, MICROBIOLOGY ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES
ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES UNKNOWN BACTERIA PDF UNKNOWN LAB REPORT, MICROBIOLOGY ENTEROBACTER AEROGENES IDENTIFICATION OF AN UNKNOWN BACTERIAL SPECIES OF 1 / 5 2 / 5 3 / 5 enterobacter aerogenes unknown bacteria
More informationCreative Genomic Webs -Kapil Rajaraman PHY 498BIO, HW 4
Creative Genomic Webs -Kapil Rajaraman (rajaramn@uiuc.edu) PHY 498BIO, HW 4 Evolutionary progress is generally considered a result of successful accumulation of mistakes in replication of the genetic code.
More informationBacterial Morphology and Structure م.م رنا مشعل
Bacterial Morphology and Structure م.م رنا مشعل SIZE OF BACTERIA Unit for measurement : Micron or micrometer, μm: 1μm=10-3 mm Size: Varies with kinds of bacteria, and also related to their age and external
More informationDay 2 - Viewing a prepared slide of mixed bacteria on high power.
Purpose Bacteria Lab To compare the quantity and the different types of bacteria from four different locations within the school. To identify 3 different bacterial colonies on a prepared slide. Materials
More informationarxiv:cond-mat/ v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 29 Nov 2006
NOVEL TYPE OF PHASE TRANSITION IN A SYSTEM arxiv:cond-mat/0611743v1 [cond-mat.stat-mech] 9 Nov 006 OF SELF-DRIVEN PARTICLES Tamás Vicsek, a,b András Czirók, a Eshel Ben-Jacob, c Inon Cohen, c and Ofer
More informationBacteria. Prepared by. Doua a Hamadi Gellan Ibrahim Rahma Younis Doua a Abdul-Hadi Doua a Amjad Hanin Laith Khamael Dawood
Bacteria Prepared by Doua a Hamadi Gellan Ibrahim Rahma Younis Doua a Abdul-Hadi Doua a Amjad Hanin Laith Khamael Dawood History of Bacteriology Doua a Hamadi Bacteria were first observed by Antonie van
More informationLaboratory Exercise # 7: Aseptic Technique
Laboratory Exercise # 7: Aseptic Technique Purpose: The purpose of this laboratory exercise is to acquaint the student with the procedures of aseptic transfer of microbiological cultures. ntroduction:
More informationLab Exercise 5: Pure culture techniques
Lab Exercise 5: Pure culture techniques OBJECTIVES 1. Perform a streak-plate to separate the cells of a mixed culture so that discrete colonies can be isolated. 2. Perform a pour-plate (loop) dilution
More informationBACTERIA. CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Miss Zeina Alkudmani
BACTERIA CLS 212: Medical Microbiology Miss Zeina Alkudmani Prokaryotes Prokaryotic cells possess simpler structures than eukaryotic cells, since they do not have a nucleus or a lot of cytoplasmic organelles.
More informationCannibalism by Sporulating Bacteria
Cannibalism by Sporulating Bacteria José E. González-Pastor, Erret C. Hobbs, Richard Losick 2003. Science 301:510-513 Introduction Some bacteria form spores. Scientist are intrigued by them. Bacillus subtilis
More informationMicrobiology. Definition of a Microorganism. Microorganisms in the Lab. The Study of Microorganisms
Microbiology The Study of Microorganisms Definition of a Microorganism Derived from the Greek: Mikros, «small» and Organismos, organism Microscopic organism which is single celled (unicellular) or a mass
More informationKingdom Monera Bacteria
Kingdom Monera Bacteria Common bacteria Prokaryotes Strep throat Anthrax Chlamydia E. coli Meningitis Salmonella Micrococcus(intestinal) Streptococcus mutans Haemophilusinfluenzae Cellphonious bacterious
More informationSupplementary Information
Supplementary Information Supplementary figures % Occupancy 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 Wt tol-1(nr2033) Figure S1. Avoidance behavior to S. enterica was not observed in wild-type or tol-1(nr2033) mutant nematodes.
More informationALKEN-MURRAY CORPORATION P. O. Box 400, New Hyde Park, NY TELEPHONE Fax
PAGE 1 OF 5 ALKEN-MURRAY CORPORATION P. O. Box 400, New Hyde Park, NY 11040 TELEPHONE 540-636-1236 - Fax 540-636-1770 QUALITY CONTROL METHOD - 8 Detection of Staphylococcus PURPOSE This procedure is designed
More informationIntroduction to Microbiology BIOL 220 Summer Session I, 1996 Exam # 1
Name I. Multiple Choice (1 point each) Introduction to Microbiology BIOL 220 Summer Session I, 1996 Exam # 1 B 1. Which is possessed by eukaryotes but not by prokaryotes? A. Cell wall B. Distinct nucleus
More informationBACTERIA AND ARCHAEA 10/15/2012
BACTERIA AND ARCHAEA Chapter 27 KEY CONCEPTS: Structural and functional adaptations contribute to prokaryotic success Rapid reproduction, mutation, and genetic recombination promote genetic diversity in
More informationEssentiality in B. subtilis
Essentiality in B. subtilis 100% 75% Essential genes Non-essential genes Lagging 50% 25% Leading 0% non-highly expressed highly expressed non-highly expressed highly expressed 1 http://www.pasteur.fr/recherche/unites/reg/
More informationBACTERIA. Bacteria - small one celled monerans Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment They are found almost everywhere: -on most objects
Kingdom Monera 1 BACTERIA Bacteria - small one celled monerans Bacteria like a warm, dark, and moist environment They are found almost everywhere: -water -soil -skin -on most objects -air -food -inside
More informationArchaeal Cell Structure. Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Permission required for reproduction or display.
4 Archaeal Cell Structure Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 4.1 A typical Archaeal Cell 2 Archaea Highly diverse with respect to morphology,
More informationAPGRU6L2. Control of Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Genes
APGRU6L2 Control of Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Genes 2007-2008 Bacterial metabolism Bacteria need to respond quickly to changes in their environment STOP u if they have enough of a product, need to stop production
More informationChapter 6 Microbial Growth With a focus on Bacteria
Chapter 6 Microbial Growth With a focus on Bacteria Temperature Minimum growth temperature Optimum growth temperature Maximum growth temperature Usually within a 30-40 degree range Microbial growth = increase
More informationThermal Death Time Module- 16 Lec- 16 Dr. Shishir Sinha Dept. of Chemical Engineering IIT Roorkee
Thermal Death Time Module- 16 Lec- 16 Dr. Shishir Sinha Dept. of Chemical Engineering IIT Roorkee Thermal death time Thermal death time is a concept used to determine how long it takes to kill a specific
More informationUNIVERSITY OF YORK. BA, BSc, and MSc Degree Examinations Department : BIOLOGY. Title of Exam: Molecular microbiology
Examination Candidate Number: Desk Number: UNIVERSITY OF YORK BA, BSc, and MSc Degree Examinations 2017-8 Department : BIOLOGY Title of Exam: Molecular microbiology Time Allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes Marking
More informationKilling of Bacillus Spores by High-Intensity Ultraviolet Light
Killing of Bacillus Spores by High-Intensity Ultraviolet Light STUDY ON EFFECTS OF PULSED LIGHT Abraham L. Sonenshein, PhD Professor and Deputy Chair Department of Molecular Biology and Microbiology Tufts
More informationAP Bio Module 16: Bacterial Genetics and Operons, Student Learning Guide
Name: Period: Date: AP Bio Module 6: Bacterial Genetics and Operons, Student Learning Guide Getting started. Work in pairs (share a computer). Make sure that you log in for the first quiz so that you get
More informationName Period The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes Notes
Bacterial DNA contains genes that encode for many different proteins (enzymes) so that many processes have the ability to occur -not all processes are carried out at any one time -what allows expression
More informationQuorum sensing in plantassociated. S. Brook Peterson Parsek Lab UW Microbiology
Quorum sensing in plantassociated bacteria S. Brook Peterson Parsek Lab UW Microbiology Outline What is quorum sensing? QS in plant associated bacteria What traits are regulated by QS? What benefits does
More informationGeneral concepts, history. Microscopy and staining. Review Questions-1
Review Questions-1 General concepts, history What was the technique that Carl Woese used to identify another domain to classify m/o in? How did Pasteur help resolve the debate on spontaneous generation?
More informationExercise 6-B STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS GRAM STAIN
Exercise 6-B STAINING OF MICROORGANISMS GRAM STAIN Introduction The Gram stain, developed by Hans Christian Gram in 1884, is a staining technique allowing different types of microorganisms (usually bacteria)
More informationADVANCES IN BACTERIA MOTILITY MODELLING VIA DIFFUSION ADAPTATION
ADVANCES IN BACTERIA MOTILITY MODELLING VIA DIFFUSION ADAPTATION Sadaf Monajemi a, Saeid Sanei b, and Sim-Heng Ong c,d a NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University
More informationMicrobial Interactions: Essential Part of Below-Ground Biocontrol Wietse de Boer
Microbial Interactions: Essential Part of Below-Ground Biocontrol Wietse de Boer NIOO-KNAW (Microbial Ecology) WUR (Soil Quality) Wageningen Email: w.deboer@nioo.knaw.nl Rhizosphere: Hotspot of Microbial
More informationTHE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XXXVIII SEPTEMBER, 1938 No. 5 STUDIES IN ANTIBIOSIS BETWEEN BACTERIA AND FUNGI 1 CONST. J. ALEXOPOULOS, R. ARNETT, and A. V. McINTOSH Department of Biology, Kent State
More informationPhase transition of traveling waves in bacterial colony pattern
PHYSICAL REVIEW E 69, 051904 (2004) Phase transition of traveling waves in bacterial colony pattern Joe Yuichiro Wakano, Atsushi Komoto, and Yukio Yamaguchi Department of Chemical System Engineering, The
More informationVocabulary- Bacteria (34 words)
Biology II BACTERIA Vocabulary- Bacteria (34 words) 1. Prokaryote 21. phototroph 2. Peptidoglycan 22. chemotroph 3. Methanogen 23. obligate anaerobe 4. Halophile 24. facultative anaerobe 5. Thermoacidophile
More informationDivision Ave. High School AP Biology
Control of Prokaryotic (Bacterial) Genes 20072008 Bacterial metabolism n Bacteria need to respond quickly to changes in their environment u if they have enough of a product, need to stop production n why?
More informationSupporting Information for Bacterial Cheating Drives the Population Dynamics of Cooperative Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids
Supporting Information for Bacterial Cheating Drives the Population Dynamics of Cooperative Antibiotic Resistance Plasmids Eugene A. Yurtsev, Hui Xiao Chao, Manoshi Sen Datta, Tatiana Artemova and Jeff
More informationINTRODUCTION. Gram Stain
INTRODUCTION In microbiology, organisms are so small that additional techniques are often required for proper viewing under the microscope. Cytological stains, or dyes that stain cells or cellular features,
More informationEvaluation of the efficiency of Mxxxx as a barrier against microrganisms crossing
Evaluation of the efficiency of as a barrier against microrganisms crossing A) composition of filter The filter of has the following characteristics: 1. An outer layer, which is composed by a medical,
More informationPlant and animal cells (eukaryotic cells) have a cell membrane, cytoplasm and genetic material enclosed in a nucleus.
4.1 Cell biology Cells are the basic unit of all forms of life. In this section we explore how structural differences between types of cells enables them to perform specific functions within the organism.
More informationTHE IDENTIFICATION OF TWO UNKNOWN BACTERIA AFUA WILLIAMS BIO 3302 TEST TUBE 3 PROF. N. HAQUE 5/14/18
THE IDENTIFICATION OF TWO UNKNOWN BACTERIA AFUA WILLIAMS BIO 3302 TEST TUBE 3 PROF. N. HAQUE Introduction: The identification of bacteria is important in order for us to differentiate one microorganism
More informationof the work reported here was to define the point in the developmental process at which the curing salts act to prevent outgrowth.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Feb. 1968, p. 406-411 Copyright 1968 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 16, No. 2 Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Sodium Nitrite, Sodium Chloride, and Sodium Nitrate on Germination
More informationCh 3. Bacteria and Archaea
Ch 3 Bacteria and Archaea SLOs for Culturing of Microorganisms Compare and contrast the overall cell structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. List structures all bacteria possess. Describe three basic
More informationUnit 4 Cell Structure, Cell Processes, Cell Reproduction, and Homeostasis. Mrs. Stahl AP Biology
Unit 4 Cell Structure, Cell Processes, Cell Reproduction, and Homeostasis Mrs. Stahl AP Biology How cells first came about! http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-wackyhistory-of-cell-theory Robert Hooke 1665 First
More informationVicente Fernandez. Group of Prof. Roman Stocker
Microbial motility in complex fluid environments Vicente Fernandez Group of Prof. Roman Stocker Microbial motility in ecological context 5 70% of bacteria in the ocean are motile Hotspots dominate the
More informationphenomenon called cross resistance. As a consequence of cross resistance the entire class of aminoglycosides looses its therapeutic potential.
Experiment 25 Laboratory to Biology III Diversity of Microorganisms / Wintersemester / page 1 Mechanisms of aminoglycoside resistance in mycobacteria Advisor P.D. Dr. Peter Sander, psander@immv.unizh.ch,
More informationSupporting information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 209 Supporting information Na 2 S promoted reduction of azides in water: Synthesis
More informationLecture 18 June 2 nd, Gene Expression Regulation Mutations
Lecture 18 June 2 nd, 2016 Gene Expression Regulation Mutations From Gene to Protein Central Dogma Replication DNA RNA PROTEIN Transcription Translation RNA Viruses: genome is RNA Reverse Transcriptase
More informationPhase Diagram of Collective Motion of Bacterial Cells in a Shallow Circular Pool
Phase Diagram of Collective Motion of Bacterial Cells in a Shallow Circular Pool Jun-ichi Wakita, Shota Tsukamoto, Ken Yamamoto, Makoto Katori, and Yasuyuki Yamada Department of Physics, Chuo University,
More informationIntroduction to Digital Evolution Handout Answers
Introduction to Digital Evolution Handout Answers Note to teacher: The questions in this handout and the suggested answers (in red, below) are meant to guide discussion, not be an assessment. It is recommended
More informationBacteria and Viruses. 1 Bacteria CHAPTER 18. MAINIDEA Bacteria are prokaryotic cells.
CHAPTER 18 Bacteria and Viruses 1 Bacteria 7(F), 8(B), 8(C), 11(C), 12(A) Before You Read When you hear the word bacteria, what comes to mind? On the lines below, describe places you think bacteria might
More informationBacteria are very small
BACTERIA BACTERIA Bacteria are very small Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria BACTERIA LIVE ALMOST EVERYWHERE Hot springs
More informationCell Shape coccus bacillus spirillum vibrio
wrong 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 right 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 40 39 38 score 100 98.2 96.4 94.6 92.9 91.1 89.3 87.5 85.7 83.9 82.1 80.4 78.6 76.8 75 73.2 71.4
More informationTER 26. Preview for 2/6/02 Dr. Kopeny. Bacteria and Archaea: The Prokaryotic Domains. Nitrogen cycle
Preview for 2/6/02 Dr. Kopeny Bacteria and Archaea: The Prokaryotic Domains TER 26 Nitrogen cycle Mycobacterium tuberculosis Color-enhanced images shows rod-shaped bacterium responsible for tuberculosis
More informationGene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Plasmids: types, maintenance and functions. Mitesh Shrestha
Gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, Plasmids: types, maintenance and functions. Mitesh Shrestha Plasmids 1. Extrachromosomal DNA, usually circular-parasite 2. Usually encode ancillary
More informationMulti-Scale Modeling and Simulation of the Growth of Bacterial Colony with Cell-Cell Mechanical Interactions
Multi-Scale Modeling and Simulation of the Growth of Bacterial Colony with Cell-Cell Mechanical Interactions Hui Sun Department of Mathematics and Statistics California State University Long Beach SIAM
More informationFractal dimension and unscreened angles measured for radial viscous fingering
PHYSICAL REVIEW E 72, 011406 2005 Fractal dimension and unscreened angles measured for radial viscous fingering Olivier Praud and Harry L. Swinney Center for Nonlinear Dynamics and Department of Physics,
More informationKingdom Monera - The Bacteria
Chapter 8 The World of Microbes Kingdom Monera - The Bacteria Bio-significance- The down side: Disease of plants crop loss Disease of animals loss of livestock and herds Human disease cavities to The Plague
More informationANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS IN FOOD PRODUCTS
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF PLANT EXTRACTS IN FOOD PRODUCTS Antanas Šarkinas Food institute of Kaunas University of Technology, Taikos pr. 92, LT-51180, Kaunas; direktorius@lmai.lt Spices Spices have been
More informationBacteria are very small
BACTERIA BACTERIA Bacteria are very small Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei (Eukaryotic cells) This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA
More informationDNA fingerprinting of Bacillus cereus from diverse sources by restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology, 2010, 1, 136-144 doi:10.4236/abb.2010.12019 Published Online June 2010 (http://www.scirp.org/journal/abb/) DNA fingerprinting of Bacillus cereus from diverse sources
More informationBIOL 3702L: MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY SCHEDULE, SUMMER 2015
BIOL 3702L: MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY SCHEDULE, SUMMER 2015 Week of May 18 th Introduction to the Microbiology Laboratory: Become familiar with the laboratory and its safety features Review safety rules
More informationSpread of Viral Plaque
Spread of Viral Plaque Don Jones, Gergely Rost, Hal Smith, Horst Thieme A R I Z O N A S T A T E U N I V E R S I T Y Everything Disperses to Miami () Spread of Viral Plaque December 212 1 / 2 Outline 1
More information20 Viruses and Prokaryotes Bacteria
20 Viruses and Prokaryotes 20.2 - Bacteria Classifying Prokaryotes Prokaryote unicellular organisms that lacks a nucleus Most abundant and widespread organisms on Earth Divided into two groups Bacteria
More informationClassification. Old 5 Kingdom system. New 3 Domain system. reflects a greater understanding of evolution & molecular evidence
Classification Old 5 Kingdom system Monera, Protists, Plants, Fungi, Animals New 3 Domain system reflects a greater understanding of evolution & molecular evidence Prokaryote: Bacteria Prokaryote: Archaebacteria
More information7.06 Problem Set #4, Spring 2005
7.06 Problem Set #4, Spring 2005 1. You re doing a mutant hunt in S. cerevisiae (budding yeast), looking for temperaturesensitive mutants that are defective in the cell cycle. You discover a mutant strain
More informationChapter 1. Basics of Microbiology
Chapter 1 Basics of Microbiology Objectives How microorganisms are classified (taxonomy) What they look like (morphology) The major divisions among microorganisms based upon their function in the environment
More informationMicrobe Mission B Test
Microbe Mission B Test Science Olympiad North Regional Tournament at the University of Florida Rank: Points: Name(s): Team Name: School Name: Team Number: Part 1: Microscopes Names the following structures
More informationTrail-following bacteria: from single particle dynamics to collective behaviour
Trail-following bacteria: from single particle dynamics to collective behaviour K. Zhao, C.K. Lee & G.C.L. Wong (UCLA) A. Gelimson, W.T. Kranz & Ramin Golestanian (Oxford) Biofilms: Strongly Correlated
More informationGenetic Material Uptake in E. Coli
Genetic Material Uptake in E. Coli Christine Watkins 31 March 2015 Lab Group Number: 7 Taylor BIOL 1111: General Biology I Lab Spring 2015 Lab Section: 103 Lab Instructor: Alex Aitken Genetic Material
More informationObligate anaerobes - cannot grow in the presence of oxygen Facultative anaerobes - can grow with or without oxygen Aerobic - require oxygen
PROKARYOTES *include bacteria and archaea *singular: bacterium / plural: bacteria PROPERTIES 1. Bacteria are classified into two kingdoms: Eubacteria (true bacteria) and Archaebacteria (Ancient Bacteria).
More informationMicrobiology and Protista Lab
Microbiology and Protista Lab Learning Objectives Describe the basic structures of a bacterial cell. Name the three bacterial cell shapes and recognize each under the microscope Recognize and identify
More informationMicrobiology Helmut Pospiech
Microbiology 20.03.2018 Helmut Pospiech The control of what gets in Passive transport along a concentration gradient often inefficient Active transport Requires energy consumption and what gets out ABC
More informationKnowIT Questions AQA GCSE Cell Biology
A. Cell structure part 1 Eukaryotes, prokaryotes and animal and plant cells 1. Where is the genetic material in a prokaryotic cell? 2. Where is the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell? 3. Complete the
More informationMouth animalcules (bacteria)
Mouth animalcules (bacteria) 1684 http://en.citizendium.org/images/thumb/9/94/leeuwenhoek.jpg/300px-leeuwenhoek.jpg Prokaryotic Cell Shapes Coccus - cocci Bacillus - bacillus Spirillum - spirilli Vibrio
More informationBacterial Genetics & Operons
Bacterial Genetics & Operons The Bacterial Genome Because bacteria have simple genomes, they are used most often in molecular genetics studies Most of what we know about bacterial genetics comes from the
More informationEffect of Coliform and Proteus Bacteria on Growth
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY, Jan., 19 Copyright @ 19 American Society for Microbiology Vol. 14, No. 1 Printed in U.S.A. Effect of Coliform and Proteus Bacteria on Growth of Staphylococcus aureus1 J. V. DiGIACINTO2
More informationChapter 19 Notes Kingdoms Archaebacteria andeubacteria
Chapter 19 Notes Kingdoms Archaebacteria andeubacteria All bacteria are Prokaryotic. This means that they are organisms that are one-celled and do not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
More informationThe Microbial World. Chapter 5
The Microbial World Chapter 5 Viruses Non-cellular infectious agents that have two basic characteristics: Not capable of reproduction without a host cell Structure: Nucleic acid core- can be DNA or RNA
More informationEfficacies of some Beneficial Bacteria on the Colonization and Inhibition of Vibrio harveyi in Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) Larvae
Efficacies of some Beneficial Bacteria on the Colonization and Inhibition of Vibrio harveyi in Black Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) Larvae Monchan Maketon and Kamonporn Masawang ABSTRACT Eight
More informationGrowth and Colony Patterning of Filamentous Fungi
Letter Forma, 14, 315 320, 1999 Growth and Colony Patterning of Filamentous Fungi Shu MATSUURA School of High-Technology for Human Welfare, Tokai University, Numazu, Shizuoka 410-0395, Japan E-mail: shum@wing.
More informationStudies on Basidiospore Development in Schizophyllum commune
Journal of General Microbiology (1976), 96,49-41 3 Printed in Great Britain 49 Studies on Basidiospore Development in Schizophyllum commune By SUSAN K. BROMBERG" AND MARVIN N. SCHWALB Department of Microbiology,
More informationUSING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TO VISUALIZE PHOTOCATALYTIC MINERALIZATION OF AIRBORNE MICROORGANISMS
USING SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY TO VISUALIZE PHOTOCATALYTIC MINERALIZATION OF AIRBORNE MICROORGANISMS HT Greist 1*, SK Hingorani 1, K Kelley 2 and DY Goswami 3 1 Universal Air Technology, Gainesville,
More informationProkaryotes & Viruses. Multiple Choice Review. Slide 1 / 47. Slide 2 / 47. Slide 3 / 47
New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Slide 1 / 47 Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and
More informationCHAPTER 3 Effect of heavy metals on E. coli
CHAPTER 3 Effect of heavy metals on E. coli 3.1 CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Heavy metals are toxic and harmful to organisms. A number of bacteria develop processes which withstand the effects of these pollutants.
More informationTopic 4 - #14 The Lactose Operon
Topic 4 - #14 The Lactose Operon The Lactose Operon The lactose operon is an operon which is responsible for the transport and metabolism of the sugar lactose in E. coli. - Lactose is one of many organic
More informationProkaryotes & Viruses. Multiple Choice Review. Slide 1 / 47. Slide 2 / 47. Slide 3 / 47
New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Slide 1 / 47 Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and
More informationProkaryotes & Viruses. Multiple Choice Review. Slide 2 / 47. Slide 1 / 47. Slide 3 (Answer) / 47. Slide 3 / 47. Slide 4 / 47. Slide 4 (Answer) / 47
Slide 1 / 47 Slide 2 / 47 New Jersey enter for Teaching and Learning Progressive Science Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of
More informationLABORATORY 7 ENDOSPORE STAIN AND BACTERIAL MOTILITY
LABORATORY 7 ENDOSPORE STAIN AND BACTERIAL MOTILITY A. Endospore Stain B. Bacterial Motility A. ENDOSPORE STAIN DISCUSSION A few genera of bacteria, such as Bacillus and Clostridium have the ability to
More informationA Selective Medium for Bacillus anthracis
56 R~ORRIS, E. J. (955). J. gen. Microbiol. 3, 566 A Selective Medium for Bacillus anthracis BY E. J. MORRIS Microbiological Research Department, Ministry of Supply, Porton, Wiltshire SUMMARY: A medium
More informationA. Incorrect! In the binomial naming convention the Kingdom is not part of the name.
Microbiology Problem Drill 08: Classification of Microorganisms No. 1 of 10 1. In the binomial system of naming which term is always written in lowercase? (A) Kingdom (B) Domain (C) Genus (D) Specific
More informationMicrobial Genetics, Mutation and Repair. 2. State the function of Rec A proteins in homologous genetic recombination.
Answer the following questions 1. Define genetic recombination. Microbial Genetics, Mutation and Repair 2. State the function of Rec A proteins in homologous genetic recombination. 3. List 3 types of bacterial
More informationCE 421/521 Environmental Biotechnology. The Cell: The common denominator of all living things Chapter 4 in Vaccari et al. Tim Ellis August 24, 2006
CE 421/521 Environmental Biotechnology The Cell: The common denominator of all living things Chapter 4 in Vaccari et al. Tim Ellis August 24, 2006 Introduction Cells were discovered around the same time
More informationMICROBE MISSION - SAMPLE TOURNAMENT #1 by Karen L. Lancour
MICROBE MISSION - SAMPLE TOURNAMENT #1 by Karen L. Lancour STATION A: MICROSCOPY 1. A microscope has an 10 objective and oculars of 4X, 10X, 40X and 100X. What is the range of magnification for this microscope.
More information