Chap. 4 AQUEOUS RXNS. O H δ+ 4.1 WATER AS A SOLVENT 4.2 AQUEOUS IONIC REACTIONS. Page 4-1. NaOH(aq) + HCl(g) NaCl(aq) +H 2 O
|
|
- Marilyn Powers
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chap. AQUEOUS RXNS.1 WATER AS A SOLVENT Describe solution composition in terms of molarity Describe strong and weak electrolyte solutions, including acids and bases Use ionic equations to describe neutralization and other metathesis reactions Determine concentrations by applying solution stoichiometry to titrations Understand the key event in the redox process Water is a polar molecule Bent shape Covalent bonds Electrons not shared equally Water overcomes solute particleparticle interactions Electrostatic Dipole δ δ H O H δ IONIC SOLUTE: ELECTROLYTE Ionic solute in polar solvent Solute dissociated to ions in solution Solution conducts electricity Weak electrolytes: low concentrations of ions Solvated ion STRONG: AB n (s) A (aq) nb - (aq) WEAK: AB(s) A (aq) nb - (aq) NON-IONIC SOLUTE: NONELECTROLYTE Molecular solute in polar or nonpolar solvent Solute dispersed but not dissociated in solution Solution does not conduct electricity AB(s) AB(aq) NON-IONIC ACID SOLUTE Covalent compounds of H H X bonds polar Solvation by water leads to dissociation Solvation leads to formation of hydronium ion.2 AQUEOUS IONIC REACTIONS Many reactions of ions involve ionic compounds dissolved (dissociated) in H 2 O Not all ions participate in reactions EXAMPLE: The reaction of sodium hydroxide with hydrogen chloride (hydrochloric acid) HX(g) H (aq) X - (aq) H (ag) H 2 O(l) H 3 O (aq) NaOH(aq) HCl(g) NaCl(aq) H 2 O MOLECULAR EQUATION: Reactants and and products shown as as intact, undissociated compounds Page -1
2 Molecular equation does not show what happens: NaOH(s) Na (aq) OH - (aq) HCl(g) H (aq) Cl - (aq) Na (aq) OH - (aq) H (aq) Cl - (aq) Na (aq) Cl - (aq) H 2 O(l).3 Metathesis (Double Displacement) Reactions: Precipitation AX BY AY BX 2NaF CaCl 2 2NaCl CaF 2 TOTAL IONIC EQUATION All All soluble ionic ionic substances shown as as dissociated ions ions SPECTATOR IONS Do Do not not participate in in formation of of product H (aq) OH - (aq) H 2 O(l) NET IONIC EQUATION Molecular equation less less spectator ions ions Two compounds react and exchange components to to form two new compounds Aqueous media: A (aq) AX BY B (aq) Y - (aq) A (aq) Y - (aq) BX X - (aq) Reactants dissociate in solution For reaction to proceed, IONS MUST BE REMOVED FROM SOLUTION: Formation of an insoluble product (volatile gas or solid precipitate) Formation of a soluble weak/nonelectrolyte (water) Formation of insoluble product AgNO 3 soln NaNO 3 Na Ag NO 3 - NO REACTION soln AgNO 3 soln Na NO 3- AgCl(s) NaCl soln precipitate NaHCO 3 soln HCl soln Na Cl - H 2 O CO 2 (g) volatile product Table.3, p 119 SOLUBLE INSOLUBLE ANION NO - 3 C 2 H 3 O - 2 Cl - Br -, I - SO 2- SO 2- S 2- CO 2-3 PO 3- OH- - COMMENTS All All soluble soluble All All soluble soluble EXCEPT: Ag,, Hg 2 Hg 2 2, 2, Pb Pb 2 2 EXCEPT: Ag,, Hg 2 Hg 2 2, 2, Hg Hg 2 2,, Pb Pb 2 2 EXCEPT: Ca2 2,, Sr Sr 2 2,, Ba Ba 2 2,, Ag Ag,, Hg Hg 2 2,, Pb Pb 2 2 [X] < 0.01 M EXCEPT: Group Group 1A, 1A, 2A, 2A, NH EXCEPT: Group Group 1A, 1A, NH EXCEPT: Group Group 1A, 1A, NH EXCEPT: Group Group 1A, 1A, Ca2 2,, Sr Sr 2 2,, Ba Ba 2 2. Metathesis Reactions: Acid-Base Reactions Arrhenius Theory : ACID BASE Anything that produces hydrogen ions when dissolved in water HCl H Cl - Anything that produces hydroxide ions when dissolved in water NaOH Na OH - Page -2
3 STRONG ACIDS WEAK ACIDS STRONG BASES WEAK BASES Complete dissociation in water HX (X = Cl, Br, I), HNO 3, HClO 3, HClO, H 2 SO Partial dissociation in water HF and most other acids Dissociation in water to yield OH - Group 1A, 2A metal hydroxides: NaOH, Ca(OH) 2 Weak H acceptors (from H 2 O) NH 3, C 6 H 5 NH 2 Dissociation STRONG ACIDS AND BASES HCl(g) H 2 O(l) H 3 O (aq) Cl - (aq) NaOH(s) H 2 O(i) Na (aq) OH - (aq) WEAK ACIDS AND BASES HCN(l) H 2 O(l) H 3 O (aq) CN - (aq) NH 3 (g) H 2 O(l) NH (aq) OH - (aq) Metal hydroxides react with (NEUTRALIZE) acids to produce the salt of the acid and H 2 O: Acid-Base Titrations HBr NaOH NaBr H 2 O or H (aq) OH (aq) H 2 O(l) Weight A FORMULA WEIGHT Moles EQUATION Moles A COEFFICIENT B FORMULA WEIGHT Weight B Weak bases react with acids to produce the salt of the acid: NH 3 HCl NH Cl Not really a net metathesis reaction, by the way: SOLUTION MOLARITY Volume Volume Solution A SOLUTION MOLARITY Volume Volume Solution B NH 3 H NH Cl is a spectator ion Titrations Addition of a standard soln of V 0 known concentration to a soln of unknown concentration until stoichiometrically equivalent quantities have been reacted (equivalence or end point) STANDARD SOLN of AX V AX = V 0 - V f AX BY AY BX M AX V AX = equivalents of AX added V BY V f.5 Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions Ca(s) 2H (aq) Ca 2 (aq) H 2 (g) OXIDATION a reactant loses electron(s) Half-reaction: Ca 0 Ca 2 2e - REDUCTION a reactant gains electron(s) Half-reaction: H e - ½H 2 Electrons are transferred from one reactant to to a second reactant Oxidation is is always accompanied by by reduction Page -3
4 OXIDIZING AGENT Causes oxidation Is reduced Gains electrons (becomes more negative) REDUCING AGENT Causes reduction Is oxidized Loses electrons (becomes more positive) Ca 2H Ca 2 H 2 2e Examples OXIDATION (LOSE ELECTRONS, become MORE POSITIVE): E 0 E n ne Zn Zn2 2e E m E (mn) ne Fe 2 Fe 3 e E n E 0 ne N 3 ½N 2 3e REDUCTION (GAIN ELECTRONS, become MORE NEGATIVE): E 0 ne E n ½O 2 2e O2 E m ne E (m n) Fe 3 e Fe 2 E n ne E 0 Ag e Ag Oxidation Numbers (States): Monitoring Electron Transfer The charge that an atom (X) in an XY bond would have if its shared electrons were held completely by the atom that attracts the electrons more strongly The oxidation number (O.N.) of the oxidizing agent DECREASES in a redox reaction The O.N. of the reducing agent INCREASES in a redox reaction Oxidation Number Rules 1. For any atom in its elemental form, O.N. = 0 2. For any monatomic ion, O.N. = ionic charge (K, O.N. = 1; S 2, O.N. = 2) 3. The O.N. for hydrogen is 1, with the sole exception of metal hydrides (MH n ), where O.N. = 1. The O.N. for oxygen is 2, with the sole exception of peroxides (O 2 2 ), where O.N. = 1 5. The O.N. for other nonmetals is <0, with the exception of oxyanions, where O.N. > 0 6. The sum of all O.N. in a neutral compound is 0, otherwise ΣO.N. = ion charge.6 REDOX Reaction Types COMBINATION REACTIONS: Two or more reactants form a single product Decomposition A B C 2H 2 O 2 2H 2 O O 2 DECOMPOSITION REACTIONS: A single reactant forms two or more products DISPLACEMENT (SINGLE REPLACEMENT) REACTIONS: Reactant atoms or ions exchange places O: -1 0 O: -1-2 Page -
5 Combination Displacement (Single) A B C A BX AX B 2Mg O 2 2MgO H 2 CuO Cu H 2 O O: 0-2 Mg: 0 2 H: 0 1 Cu: 2 0 Can we we predict which elements will displace another element? Activity Series Table.1, p 130 Metals have different strengths as reducing agents Nonmetals, particularly halogens, have different strengths as oxidizing agents Redox reactants can be organized by relative strength in ACTIVITY SERIES, allowing prediction of a reaction s occurrence In general: A more active metal reduces a less active metal A more active halogen oxidizes a less active halogen Redox activity is also reflected in the O.N.s of elements in covalent compounds METAL OXIDATION REACTION Lithium Li Li e - Potassium K K e - Aluminum Al Al 3 3e - Zinc Zn Zn 2 2e - Lead Pb Pb 2 2e - Hydrogen ½H 2 H e - Copper Cu Cu 2 2e - Gold Au Au 3 3e - More easily oxidized More easily reduced HALOGEN Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine REDUCTION REACTION ½F 2 e - F ½Cl 2 e Cl ½Br 2 e Br ½I 2 e I More easily oxidized More easily reduced Implication for O.N.: Br Cl 1 1 Page -5
Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance (the solute) is
More informationChem 110 General Principles of Chemistry
Chem 110 General Principles of Chemistry Chapter 3 (Page 88) Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry In this chapter you will study chemical reactions that take place between substances that are dissolved
More informationCHEM134- Fall 2018 Dr. Al-Qaisi Chapter 4b: Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Rxns So far we ve used grams (mass), In lab: What about using volume in lab? Solution Concentration and Solution Stoichiometry
More informationChapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Solutions Chapter 4 and Solution Stoichiometry AP Chemistry 2014-15 North Nova Education Centre
More informationChapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Chapter 4 and Solution Stoichiometry John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville,
More informationChapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry Water, the Common Solvent One of the most important substances on Earth. Can dissolve many different substances. A polar molecule because
More informationCHAPTER 4 AQUEOUS REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY: Electrolyte-a compound that conducts electricity in the melt or in solution (water)
CHAPTER 4 AQUEOUS REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY: Electrolyte-a compound that conducts electricity in the melt or in solution (water) STRONG ELEC. 100% Dissoc. WEAK ELEC..1-10% Dissoc. NON ELEC 0%
More informationChapter 4. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4 Table of Contents 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent 4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes 4.3 The Composition
More informationChapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. V. Molarity VI. Acid-Base Titrations VII. Dilution of Solutions
Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I. Electrolytes vs. NonElectrolytes II. Precipitation Reaction a) Solubility Rules III. Reactions of Acids a) Neutralization b) Acid and Carbonate c) Acid and
More informationChapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1
Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4.1 The Role of Water as a Solvent 4.2 Writing Equations for Aqueous Ionic Reactions 4.3 Precipitation Reactions
More informationChapter 4. Reactions In Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution I) General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Homogeneous mixture on a molecular level - prop. same throughout - separable by physical means - variable composition
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Lecture Presentation. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO
Lecture Presentation Chapter 4 in Solution 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Properties of Solutions Solute: substance in lesser quantity in
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Chapter 4 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions (4.1) Precipitation Reactions (4.2) Acid-Base Reactions (4.3) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (4.4) Concentration of Solutions
More informationChemical Reactions REDOX
Chemical Reactions REDOX There are two types of Chemical Changes: 1. Reactions in which ions are being rearranged with no change in their oxidation states. METATHESIS. Reactions in which electrons are
More informationSolution Chemistry. Chapter 4
Solution Chemistry Chapter 4 Covalent Molecule Dissolving in Water Ionic Compound Dissolving in Water Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Electrolytes/Nonelectrolytes Type Dissociation Electrical Conductivity
More informationAqueous Reactions. The products are just the cation-anion pairs reversed, or the outies (A and Y joined) and the innies (B and X joined).
Aqueous Reactions Defining Aqueous Reactions Aqueous reactions are reactions that take place in water. To understand them, it is important to understand how compounds behave in water. Some compounds are
More informationSolubility Rules See also Table 4.1 in text and Appendix G in Lab Manual
Ch 4 Chemical Reactions Ionic Theory of Solutions - Ionic substances produce freely moving ions when dissolved in water, and the ions carry electric current. (S. Arrhenius, 1884) - An electrolyte is a
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Solutions. 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4 in Solution 4.1 General Properties of Solutions Solutions Solutions are defined as homogeneous mixtures of two or more pure substances. The solvent is present in greatest abundance. All other
More informationA reaction in which a solid forms is called a precipitation reaction. Solid = precipitate
Chapter 7 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Section 7.1 Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur Four Driving Forces Favor Chemical Change 1. Formation of a solid 2. Formation of water 3. Transfer of electrons
More informationCH 221 Chapter Four Part II Concept Guide
CH 221 Chapter Four Part II Concept Guide 1. Solubility Why are some compounds soluble and others insoluble? In solid potassium permanganate, KMnO 4, the potassium ions, which have a charge of +1, are
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solution
1 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 For test 3: Sections 3.7 and 4.1 to 4.5 Copyright The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2 A solution is a homogenous
More informationChapter Four: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter Four: Reactions in Aqueous Solution Learning Outcomes: Identify compounds as acids or bases, and as strong, weak, or nonelectrolytes Recognize reactions by type and be able to predict the products
More informationChemical Change. Section 9.1. Chapter 9. Electrolytes and Solution Conductivity. Goal 1. Electrical Conductivity
Chapter 9 Chemical Change Section 9.1 Electrolytes and Solution Conductivity Goal 1 Electrical Conductivity Distinguish among strong electrolytes, weak electrolytes, and nonelectrolytes. Strong Electrolyte:
More informationAP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry
HO AP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to:! Predict to some extent whether a substance
More informationChapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 4.1 Water, The Common Solvent State why water acts as a common solvent. Draw the structure of water, including partial charge. Write equations
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Homework Chapter 4 11, 15, 21, 23, 27, 29, 35, 41, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 73, 75, 81, 85 1 2 Chapter Objectives Solution To understand the nature of ionic substances
More informationChapter 4 - Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Chemistry
Chapter 4 - Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Chemistry 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent - the water molecule is bent with and H-O-H angles of approx. 105 º - O-H bonds are covalent - O is slightly
More informationChapter 4 Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 4 Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions Solution Stoichiometry Many reactions (biochemical, marine, etc.) take place in solution. We need to be able to express the number of moles of particles
More information7/16/2012. Chapter Four: Like Dissolve Like. The Water Molecule. Ionic Compounds in Water. General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Chapter Four: TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance
More informationChemical Equations. Chemical Reactions. The Hindenburg Reaction 5/25/11
Chemical Reactions CHM 1032C Chemical Equations Chemical change involves a reorganization of the atoms in one or more substances. The Hindenburg Reaction Reactants are on left, products to the right. Arrow
More informationChapter 4 Chemical Formulas, Reactions, Redox and Solutions
Terms to Know: Solubility Solute Solvent Solution Chapter 4 the amount of substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature. a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
More informationTYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Precipitation Reactions Compounds Soluble Ionic Compounds 1. Group 1A cations and NH 4 + 2. Nitrates (NO 3 ) Acetates (CH 3 COO ) Chlorates (ClO 3 ) Perchlorates (ClO 4 ) Solubility
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Topics General properties of aqueous solutions Precipitation reactions Acid base reactions Oxidation reduction reactions Concentration of solutions Aqueous reactions
More informationAP Chemistry Unit #4. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry
AP Chemistry Unit #4 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to: Predict to some extent whether a substance will be a strong electrolyte,
More informationSolubility Rules for Ionic Compounds Arrhenius Acid Base Theory
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Ionic compounds dissociate in water yielding electrolyte solutions. H 2 O NaCl(s) Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) The ions are hydrated by water. Strong & Weak Electrolytes
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Ionic compounds dissociate in water yielding electrolyte solutions. H 2 O NaCl(s) Na + (aq) + Cl - (aq) The ions are hydrated by water. The Electrical Conductivity
More informationChapter 4 Outline. Electrolytic Properties
+4.1 - General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution = a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Solvent = substance present in greatest quantity Solute = the other substance(s) present in a solution
More informationChapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary
Chapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent A. Structure of water 1. Oxygen s electronegativity is high (3.5) and hydrogen s is low (2.1)
More informationReactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions
Reactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions Redox reactions In precipitation reactions, cations and anions come together to form an insoluble ionic compound. In neutralization reactions, H + ions and
More informationChapter 04. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 04 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Composition Matter Homogeneous mixture Contains One visible distinct phase Uniform properties throughout Two or more substances that are mixed together Substances
More informationed. Brad Collins Aqueous Chemistry Chapter 5 Some images copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sunday, August 18, 13
ed. Brad Collins Aqueous Chemistry Chapter 5 Some images copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances at the molecular level The solute(s) is(are)
More informationChemistry 101 Chapter 4 STOICHIOMETRY
STOICHIOMETRY Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between the reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation. Stoichiometry allows chemists to predict how much of a reactant is necessary
More informationElectrolytes do conduct electricity, in proportion to the concentrations of their ions in solution.
Chapter 4 (Hill/Petrucci/McCreary/Perry Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions This chapter deals with reactions that occur in aqueous solution these solutions all use water as the solvent. We will look
More informationChapter Four Learning Objectives. Ions in Aqueous Solution: Electrolytes
Chapter Four Learning Objectives understand the nature of ions dissolved in water determine the products of and write chemical equations for precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions
More informationChapter 4 Electrolytes Acid-Base (Neutralization) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 4 Electrolytes Acid-Base (Neutralization) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions Dr. Sapna Gupta Types of Reactions Two classifications: one how atoms are rearrangement and the other is chemical
More informationChapter 4 Electrolytes and Aqueous Reactions. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 4 Electrolytes and Aqueous Reactions Dr. Sapna Gupta Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture of solute + solvent Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component that does
More informationTypes of chemical reactions
PowerPoint to accompany Types of chemical reactions Chapters 3 & 16.1 M. Shozi CHEM110 / 2013 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solutions are mixtures of two or more pure substances. The solvent
More information11-1 Notes. Chemical Reactions
11-1 Notes Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions In a chemical reaction 1 or more substances (the reactants) change into 1 or more new substances (the products). Reactants are always written on the left
More informationCompounds in Aqueous Solution
1 Compounds in Aqueous Solution Many reactions involve ionic compounds, especially reactions in water KMnO 4 in water K + (aq) ) + MnO 4- (aq) 2 CCR, page 149 3 How do we know ions are present in aqueous
More informationChapter 4. Concentration of Solutions. Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined.
Molarity Chapter 4 Concentration of Solutions Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined. Given the molarity and the moles
More informationChapter 4. Properties of Aqueous Solutions. Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions. Strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte. Electrolytic Properties
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Observing and Predicting Reactions How do we know whether a reaction occurs? What observations indicate a reaction has occurred? In your groups, make a list of changes
More informationAP Chemistry. Chapter 4
AP Chemistry Chapter 4 1 Properties of Aqueous Solution Solutions Definition: Any substance (solid, liquid or gas) EVENLY distributed throughout another substance. Solutions have 2 parts: 1) Solvent the
More informationPart One: Ions in Aqueous Solution
A. Electrolytes and Non-electrolytes. CHAPTER FOUR: CHEMICAL REACTIONS Part One: Ions in Aqueous Solution 1. Pure water does not conduct electric current appreciably. It is the ions dissolved in the water
More informationChapter 5. Chemical reactions
Chapter 5 Chemical reactions Chemical equations CaO(s) + CO 2 (g) CaCO 3 (s) + CO(g) Chemical equation - representation of a chemical reaction; uses the symbols of the elements and formulae of the compounds
More information9/24/12. Chemistry Second Edition Julia Burdge. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chemistry Second Edition Julia Burdge 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Copyright 2004 by houghton Mifflin Company. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 7 All rights reserved. 1 7.1 Predicting if a Rxn Will Occur When chemicals are mixed and one of these driving forces can
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Copyright McGraw-Hill
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component
More informationUnit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry
Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry Reactions Chemical equation Expression representing a chemical reaction Formulas of reactants on the left side Formulas of products on the right side Arrow(s) connect(s)
More informationThe Major Classes of Chemical Reactions
Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 5.1 Properties of compounds in Aqueous Solution 5.2 Precipitation Reaction 5.3 Acids and Bases 5.4 Reactions of Acid and Bases 5.5 Gas-forming Reactions
More informationConcentration Units. Solute CONCENTRATION. Solvent. g L -1. (M, molarity) concentration in. mol / litre of solution. mol L -1. molality. molality.
CHAPTER 4 REACTIONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION CONCENTRATION Solute Solvent Concentration Units mass NaCl / unit volume of solution g L -1 (M, molarity) concentration in moles per litre of solution c NaCl c B
More informationThe Copper Cycle. HCl(aq) H + (aq) + Cl (aq) HCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq) + Cl (aq)
The Copper Cycle Introduction Many aspects of our lives involve chemical reactions from the batteries that power our cars and cell phones to the thousands of processes occurring within our bodies. We cannot
More informationCh 100: Fundamentals for Chemistry
Ch 100: Fundamentals for Chemistry Chapter 8: Chemical Equations Lecture Notes Chemical Equations (Intro) 1. Chemical equations are used to symbolically describe chemical reactions 2. In a chemical equation
More informationChapter 3 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions Jeffrey Mack California State University, Sacramento Chemical Reactions Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: ZnI 2 Chemical Reactions Evidence of a chemical reaction: Gas Evolution
More informationChemical Reactions: An Introduction
Chemical Reactions: An Introduction Ions in Aqueous Solution Ionic Theory of Solutions Many ionic compounds dissociate into independent ions when dissolved in water H 2O NaCl(s) Na Cl These compounds that
More information3.1 Chemical Equations. 3: Chemical Reactions. Chemical Equations. Chemical Equations. Chemical Equations. Types of Chemical Reactions.
3: Chemical Reactions 1. Chemical Equations 2. Types of Chemical Equations 3. Balancing Chemical Equation 4. Aqueous Reactions 4. Acid-Base Reactions 6. Redox Reactions 3.1 Chemical Equations How Do Chemists
More informationBIG IDEA TWO. October 13, 2016
BIG IDEA TWO October 13, 2016 Topics to Cover in Big Idea 2 1. Ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds 2. Polarity and dipole moment 3. Intermolecular forces (IMF): 4. Lewis dot structures 5. Resonance forms
More informationH H H H H O H O. Role of Water. Role of Water. Chapter 4. Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solution H 2 H H H 2 O. Role of H 2 O(l) as solvent.
Role of Water Role of Water Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solution Role of H 2 O(l) as solvent The polar nature of water molecule Two key features: 1. The distribution of bonding electrons O H covalent
More informationChapter 9. Chemical Reaction
Chapter 9 Chemical Reaction Everyday Chemical Reaction O Can you name some? O Cooking Pizza O Changes the ingredients O Combustion O Driving to school burns gasoline O Wheelbarrow rusting (especially in
More informationPart 01 - Notes: Reactions & Classification
Objectives: Identify, define, and explain: combination reaction, synthesis reaction, decomposition reaction, single replacement reaction, double replacement reaction, combustion reaction, rapid oxidation,
More informationOxidation-Reduction Reactions. (Redox) Redox Reactions. Types of Redox Rxn s. Not Redox Reactions. Combustion of methane
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Redox Reactions Reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred 2Na (s) + Cl 2(g) 2NaCl (s) (Redox) Species loosing electrons is said to be oxidized and the species
More informationCHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS & SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY
Advanced Chemistry Name Hour Advanced Chemistry Approximate Timeline Students are expected to keep up with class work when absent. CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS & SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY Day Plans
More informationChemical reactions describe processes involving chemical change
1.1 Chemical Reactions 1.2 Chemical Equations Chemical reactions describe processes involving chemical change The chemical change involves rearranging matter Converting one or more pure substances into
More information11/3/09. Aqueous Solubility of Compounds. Aqueous Solubility of Ionic Compounds. Aqueous Solubility of Ionic Compounds
Aqueous Solubility of Compounds Not all compounds dissolve in water. Solubility varies from compound to compound. Chapter 5: Chemical Reactions Soluble ionic compounds dissociate. Ions are solvated Most
More informationChapter 5 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions 5.1 Chemical Equations A chemical equation shows the chemical change taking place. The state of each substance is written in parentheses after the formula: s for solids, l
More informationI. Properties of Aqueous Solutions A) Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes B) Predicting Solubility* II. Reactions of Ionic Compounds in Solution*
Chapter 5 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Titrations Kick Acid!!! 1 I. Properties of Aqueous Solutions A) Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes B) Predicting Solubility* II. Reactions of Ionic Compounds in
More informationCHAPTER Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products. New substances produced The arrow means yields TYPES OF EQUATIONS.
CHAPTER 11 Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products New substances produced The arrow means yields Where do Chemical Reactions occur? Everywhere!!! In living organisms In
More informationelemental state. There are two different possibilities: DESCRIPTION 1. One cation (+ ion) replaces another. 2. One anion (- ion) replaces another.
CHEMICAL TYPES HANDOUT In these reactions, a free element reacts with a compound to form another compound and release one of the elements of the original compound in the elemental state. There are two
More informationRevision of Important Concepts. 1. Types of Bonding
Revision of Important Concepts 1. Types of Bonding Electronegativity (EN) often molecular often ionic compounds Bonding in chemical substances Bond energy: Is the energy that is released when a bond is
More information(DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST)
Final Prep Chap 8&9 (DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST) Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. After the correct formula for a reactant in an equation
More informationPage III-4b-1 / Chapter Four Part II Lecture Notes. Chemistry 221 Professor Michael Russell MAR. Ba(NO3)2(aq)? soluble. BaCl2(aq)?
Page III-4b-1 / Chapter Four Part II Lecture Notes Solution Stoichiometry and Chemical Reactions Chapter 3 & Chapter 4, or Chapter 4 Part II Chemistry 221 Professor Michael Russell Terminology In solution
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solution
Reading Assignments: Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 Chapter 4 in R. Chang, Chemistry, 9 th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2006. or previous editions. Or related topics in other textbooks. Consultation outside
More informationChemistry deals with matter and its changes CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Chemistry deals with matter and its changes CHEMICAL REACTIONS CHEMICAL EQUATIONS N 2 + 3 H 2 2 NH 3 2 N 6 H 2 N 6 H reactants products balanced means equal numbers of atoms of each element on each side
More informationAP Chemistry Unit 1 Review Guide: IUPAC Naming, Stoichiometry, Solution Chemistry
I. IUPAC Naming AP Chemistry Unit 1 Review Guide: IUPAC Naming, Stoichiometry, Solution Chemistry For Ionic Compounds: Formula to Name: 1. Identify the cation (positive ion) by name, then identify the
More informationChapter 4 Suggested end-of-chapter problems with solutions
Chapter 4 Suggested end-of-chapter problems with solutions a. 5.6 g NaHCO 1 mol NaHCO 84.01 g NaHCO = 6.69 10 mol NaHCO M = 6.69 10 mol 50.0 m 1000 m = 0.677 M NaHCO b. 0.1846 g K Cr O 7 1 mol K 94.0 g
More information(A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single replacement (D) Double replacement: Acid-base (E) Combustion
AP Chemistry - Problem Drill 08: Chemical Reactions No. 1 of 10 1. What type is the following reaction: H 2 CO 3 (aq) + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) CaCO 3 (aq) + 2 H 2 O (l)? (A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single
More information9/24/09 Chem 111 Experiment #7 Solutions and Reactions Brown, LeMay, and Bursten Chapter
Chem 111 Experiment #7 Solutions and Reactions Brown, LeMay, and Bursten Chapter 4.1-4.4 KEY VOCABULARY: 1. Ionic compound a compound composed of cations (+) and anions (-). Many ionic compounds dissociate
More informationChapter 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Water 60 % of our bodies heat modulator solvent for reactions covers 70% of Earth Chapter 4 3 types of reactions that occur in H 2 O 1. precipitation 2. acid-base
More informationChemistry 1A. Chapter 5
Chemistry 1A Chapter 5 Water, H 2 O Water Attractions Liquid Water Solutions A solution, also called a homogeneous mixture, is a mixture whose particles are so evenly distributed that the relative concentrations
More informationChemical Reactions. Burlingame High School Chemistry 1
Chemical Reactions 1 Chemical Equations Chemical equations are use to describe: the substances that react, the reactants the substances that are formed, the products the relative amounts of all substances
More informationChemical Equations and Chemical Reactions
Chemical Equations Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions Chemical equations are concise representations of chemical reactions. Chemical Equations Symbols Used in Chemical Equations The formulas of
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 4 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances. The solute
More informationConcentration of Solutions
Solutions We carry out many reactions in solutions Remember that in the liquid state molecules move much easier than in the solid, hence the mixing of reactants occurs faster Solute is the substance which
More informationChem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week #6 Oxidation Numbers, Redox Reactions, Solution Concentration, and Titrations
Chem 115 POGIL Worksheet - Week #6 Oxidation Numbers, Redox Reactions, Solution Concentration, and Titrations Why? In addition to metathetical reactions, electron transfer reactions often occur in solutions.
More informationChapter 4. Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions
Lecture Presentation Chapter 4 Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions Reaction Stoichiometry: How Much Carbon Dioxide? The balanced chemical equations for fossilfuel combustion reactions provide the
More informationCH 4 AP. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions
CH 4 AP Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Water Aqueous means dissolved in H 2 O Moderates the Earth s temperature because of high specific heat H-bonds cause strong cohesive and adhesive properties Polar,
More informationName HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions
Name HONORS CHEMISTRY / / Oxide Reactions & Net Ionic Reactions The first type of reactions we will look at today are reactions between an oxide (a compound with oxygen as its anion) and water. There are
More informationCh 7 Chemical Reactions Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON
Ch 7 Chemical Reactions Study Guide Accelerated Chemistry SCANTRON Name /80 TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false. Correct the False statments by changing the
More informationChapter 8 Chemical Reactions
Chemistry/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions Chapter 8: 1 7, 9 18, 20, 21, 24 26, 29 31, 46, 55, 69 Practice Problems 1. Write a skeleton equation for each chemical reaction. Include the appropriate
More informationAcids Bases and Salts Acid
Acids Bases and Salts Acid ph less than 7.0 Sour taste Electrolyte Names of Acids Binary acids Contain only 2 elements Begin with hydro; end with ic Ternary acids Ex: H 2 S = hydrosulfuric Contain a polyatomic
More informationChapter 9. Vocabulary Ch Kick Off Activity. Objectives. Interpreting Formulas. Interpreting Formulas
Chapter 9 Chemical Vocabulary Ch. 9.1 Chemical reaction Reactant Product Word Equation Skeleton Equation Chemical equation Coefficient 1 2 Objectives Write chemical equations to describe chemical reactions
More information