Chemical Reactions REDOX
|
|
- Elwin Nichols
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Chemical Reactions REDOX There are two types of Chemical Changes: 1. Reactions in which ions are being rearranged with no change in their oxidation states. METATHESIS. Reactions in which electrons are being transferred from atom(s) to atom(s). REDOX Metathesis Reaction Types Redox Double Neutralization Precipitation Single Combustion Synthesis Decomposit Displacement Displacement Ion Exchange Ions are combined to form new compounds Electron Transfer Electrons are lost from one atom, or group of atoms, and gained by another atom, or group of atoms, resulting in new atomic interactions forming new compounds Metathesis reactions occur when two ionic aqueous solutions are mixed and the ions switch partners. AX + BY AY + BX Metathesis reactions remove ions from solution in two ways: 1. form an insoluble solid.. form predominantly unionized molecules like H O (l) and CO (g). Ion removal is the driving force of metathesis reactions. 1. Precipitation reactions are metathesis reactions in which an insoluble compound is formed from two aqueous solutions. The solid precipitates out of the solution much like rain or snow precipitates out of the air.. Acid-Base (neutralization) Reactions Formation of the nonelectrolyte H O acid + base salt + water A salt is another name for an ionic compound formed from the cation of a base and an anion from an acid 1
2 3. Double Displacement reactions Are reactions where two aqueous solutions result in the formation of nonelectrolyte compounds other than water. Example: HCl + Na SO NaCl + H O SO (aq) 3(aq) (aq) g Redox Reactions Reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred Na (s) + Cl (g) NaCl (s) Species loosing electrons is said to be oxidized and the species gaining electrons is said to be reduced Types of Redox Rxn s Synthesis Decomposition Single Replacement Combustion Electrons are transferred in most cases Combustion of Methane CH 4 + O CO + H O Carbon looses electrons and oxygen gains electrons Notice that in the reaction, there are no ions present as either reactants or products, however, electrons are still transferred An understanding of oxidation states will show the transfer of electrons Oxidation Numbers In order to keep track of what loses electrons and what gains them, we assign oxidation numbers. Oxidation States (Oxidation Numbers) A system of book-keeping for electrons in molecules or ions The imaginary charges atoms would have in molecules and real charges in ionic compounds
3 Oxidation states provide a way to track electrons in chemical reactions Especially useful for reactions containing covalent compounds which have no charges * Note Charges are written: Fe +, Cl 1- Oxidation states are written: Fe +, Cl -1 Assigning Oxidation Numbers 1. The oxidation state of an atom in an element is zero Na (s), O (s), Hg (l). The oxidation state of a monatomic ion is the same as its charge Na +, Cl -, N -3, Ca + Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al, Ga, Ge. 3. Fluorine is always -1 in its compounds HF, PF 3 H +1 F -1, P +3 F -1 Notice the oxidation states are written +1, whereas a charge would be written Oxygen is always - in its compounds H O, CO Exceptions: Peroxides (containing O - ) in which oxygen is -1 5.Hydrogen is +1 when bonded to a non-metal and -1 when bonded to a metal H O, HCl, H 3 N 3
4 6. Other oxidation states are calculated from algebraic sum of known states Transitions, metalloids, and usually carbon, silicon, and boron. The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is 0; The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is the charge on the ion. 7. For non-described atoms in compounds, the atom with the greatest electronegativity is assigned a negative oxidation state equal to its imaginary charge in an ionic compound CN, CN - 1. Identify the oxidation states for each atom in each of the following compounds/ions: SF 6 PbS Al 3+ N HClO NaNO CO AsH CaCO 3 HNO K Cr O 7 P 4 S NO 3 - NH 4 + Identify the oxidation state for each of the following compounds in the reaction: CH 4 + O CO + H O Notice, carbon has changed from a 4 to a + 4 oxidation state and oxygen has changed from 0 to and Carbon was oxidized and oxygen was reduced Recognizing a Redox Reaction Oxidation and Reduction Reaction Type Oxidation Reduction In terms of oxygen gain loss In terms of hydrogen loss gain In terms of electrons loss gain A species is oxidized when it loses electrons. Here, zinc loses two electrons to go from neutral zinc metal to the Zn + ion. 4
5 Oxidation and Reduction Oxidation and Reduction A species is reduced when it gains electrons. Here, each of the H + gains an electron and they combine to form H. What is reduced is the oxidizing agent. H + oxidizes Zn by taking electrons from it. What is oxidized is the reducing agent. Zn reduces H + by giving it electrons. Common Oxidizing and Reducing Agents Metals (Cu) are reducing agents HNO 3 is an oxidizing agent Cu + HNO 3 --> Cu + + NO K + H O --> KOH + H Metals (Na, K, Mg, Fe) are reducing agents. Identify the species being reduced and oxidized in each of the following reactions. Then label the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the reaction: a. C (s) + 3F (g) CF 3(s) b. S 8 (s) + 8O (g) 8SO (s) c. H O H (g) + O (g) d. Mg (s) + O (g) MgO (s) e. KClO 3 (s) KCl (s) + 3O (g) f. Ca (s) + O (g) CaO (s) g. Cu (s) + AgNO 3(aq) Cu(NO 3 ) (aq) + Ag (s) h. Na (s) + H S (aq) Na S (aq) + H (g) 5
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. (Redox) Redox Reactions. Types of Redox Rxn s. Not Redox Reactions. Combustion of methane
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Redox Reactions Reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred 2Na (s) + Cl 2(g) 2NaCl (s) (Redox) Species loosing electrons is said to be oxidized and the species
More informationChap. 4 AQUEOUS RXNS. O H δ+ 4.1 WATER AS A SOLVENT 4.2 AQUEOUS IONIC REACTIONS. Page 4-1. NaOH(aq) + HCl(g) NaCl(aq) +H 2 O
Chap. AQUEOUS RXNS.1 WATER AS A SOLVENT Describe solution composition in terms of molarity Describe strong and weak electrolyte solutions, including acids and bases Use ionic equations to describe neutralization
More informationSolubility Rules See also Table 4.1 in text and Appendix G in Lab Manual
Ch 4 Chemical Reactions Ionic Theory of Solutions - Ionic substances produce freely moving ions when dissolved in water, and the ions carry electric current. (S. Arrhenius, 1884) - An electrolyte is a
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance (the solute) is
More informationChapter 4. Properties of Aqueous Solutions. Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions. Strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte. Electrolytic Properties
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Observing and Predicting Reactions How do we know whether a reaction occurs? What observations indicate a reaction has occurred? In your groups, make a list of changes
More informationOXIDATION-REDUCTIONS REACTIONS. Chapter 19 (From next years new book)
OXIDATION-REDUCTIONS REACTIONS Chapter 19 (From next years new book) ELECTROCHEMICAL REACTIONS: What are electrochemical reactions? Electrons are transferred from one species to another ACTIVATING PRIOR
More informationelemental state. There are two different possibilities: DESCRIPTION 1. One cation (+ ion) replaces another. 2. One anion (- ion) replaces another.
CHEMICAL TYPES HANDOUT In these reactions, a free element reacts with a compound to form another compound and release one of the elements of the original compound in the elemental state. There are two
More informationTypes of Chemical Reactions
Types of Chemical Reactions 1) Combination (Synthesis) Reaction 2) Decomposition 3) Single Replacement 4) Double Replacement 5) Combustion 6) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Combination (Synthesis) Reactions
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Copyright 2004 by houghton Mifflin Company. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 7 All rights reserved. 1 7.1 Predicting if a Rxn Will Occur When chemicals are mixed and one of these driving forces can
More informationChapter 4 Electrolytes Acid-Base (Neutralization) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 4 Electrolytes Acid-Base (Neutralization) Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions Dr. Sapna Gupta Types of Reactions Two classifications: one how atoms are rearrangement and the other is chemical
More informationChemical Reaction Types
Chemical Reactions Chemical Reaction Types There are 5 types of chemical reactions that you need to know Combination reaction Decomposition reaction Combustion reaction Single replacement (redox) reaction
More informationUnit 8: Redox and Electrochemistry
May 20, 2014 Unit 8: Redox and Electrochemistry http://www.firefly.org/firefly-pictures.html Oxidation Number numbers assigned to atoms that allow us to keep track of electrons. Rule #1: Oxidation number
More informationChapter 4. Reactions In Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution I) General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Homogeneous mixture on a molecular level - prop. same throughout - separable by physical means - variable composition
More informationChem 110 General Principles of Chemistry
Chem 110 General Principles of Chemistry Chapter 3 (Page 88) Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry In this chapter you will study chemical reactions that take place between substances that are dissolved
More informationSolution Chemistry. Chapter 4
Solution Chemistry Chapter 4 Covalent Molecule Dissolving in Water Ionic Compound Dissolving in Water Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Electrolytes/Nonelectrolytes Type Dissociation Electrical Conductivity
More informationAqueous Reactions. The products are just the cation-anion pairs reversed, or the outies (A and Y joined) and the innies (B and X joined).
Aqueous Reactions Defining Aqueous Reactions Aqueous reactions are reactions that take place in water. To understand them, it is important to understand how compounds behave in water. Some compounds are
More informationChapter 5 Chemical Reactions
Chapter 5 Chemical Reactions 5.1 Chemical Equations A chemical equation shows the chemical change taking place. The state of each substance is written in parentheses after the formula: s for solids, l
More informationReactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions
Reactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions Redox reactions In precipitation reactions, cations and anions come together to form an insoluble ionic compound. In neutralization reactions, H + ions and
More informationOxidation-Reduction Reactions
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chapter 4 Section 9 & 10 Oxidation Reduction Reactions Reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred. That means elements change their charge from reactants to
More informationChemical reactions describe processes involving chemical change
1.1 Chemical Reactions 1.2 Chemical Equations Chemical reactions describe processes involving chemical change The chemical change involves rearranging matter Converting one or more pure substances into
More information7.01 Chemical Reactions
7.01 Chemical Reactions The Law of Conservation of Mass Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 100 Miramar College 1 Chemical Reactions Making Substances Chemical Reactions; the heart of chemistry is the chemical
More informationUnit 5 Chemical Reactions Notes. Introduction: Chemical substances have physical and chemical properties
Unit 5 Chemical Reactions Notes Introduction: Chemical substances have physical and chemical properties Physical Properties 2 Types of Physical Properties Extensive Physical Properties Intensive Physical
More informationChemical Reactions. Ch. 11 Chemical Reactions. Chemical Reactions. Chemical Reactions
Chemical Reactions Ch. 11 Chemical Reactions when a substance changes identity Reactants - original Products - resulting law of conservation of mass total mass of reactants = total mass of products In
More information1.7 REDOX. Convert these to ionic and half equations and you can see clearly how the electrons are transferred:
1.7 REDOX Oxidation and Reduction: Oxidation and reduction reactions can be identified by looking at the reaction in terms of electron transfer: Our understanding of oxidation and reduction was limited
More informationChapter 4 Electrolytes and Aqueous Reactions. Dr. Sapna Gupta
Chapter 4 Electrolytes and Aqueous Reactions Dr. Sapna Gupta Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture of solute + solvent Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component that does
More informationLecture 28 Chapter 19, Section 1 Redox Reactions Oxidation Number. Redox Reactions Oxidation Number
Lecture 28 Chapter 19, Section 1 Redox Reactions Oxidation Number Redox Reactions Oxidation Number Redox Reactions Nomenclature Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) reactions involve the transfer of electrons One
More informationChapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. V. Molarity VI. Acid-Base Titrations VII. Dilution of Solutions
Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I. Electrolytes vs. NonElectrolytes II. Precipitation Reaction a) Solubility Rules III. Reactions of Acids a) Neutralization b) Acid and Carbonate c) Acid and
More informationHonors Chemistry Mrs. Agostine. Chapter 19: Oxidation- Reduction Reactions
Honors Chemistry Mrs. Agostine Chapter 19: Oxidation- Reduction Reactions Let s Review In chapter 4, you learned how atoms rearrange to form new substances Now, you will look at how electrons rearrange
More information11-1 Notes. Chemical Reactions
11-1 Notes Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions In a chemical reaction 1 or more substances (the reactants) change into 1 or more new substances (the products). Reactants are always written on the left
More informationAn oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction involves the transfer of electrons (e - ). Sodium transfers its electrons to chlorine
Oxidation-Reduction An oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction involves the transfer of electrons (e - ). Sodium transfers its electrons to chlorine 2 Chemists need a way to keep track of what happens in
More information7.01 Chemical Reactions
7.01 Chemical Reactions The Law of Conservation of Mass Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 152 Miramar College 1 Chemical Reactions Making Substances Chemical Reactions; the heart of chemistry is the chemical
More informationUnit 1 - Foundations of Chemistry
Unit 1 - Foundations of Chemistry Chapter 2 - Chemical Reactions Unit 1 - Foundations of Chemistry 1 / 42 2.1 - Chemical Equations Physical and Chemical Changes Physical change: A substance changes its
More informationChapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Topics General properties of aqueous solutions Precipitation reactions Acid base reactions Oxidation reduction reactions Concentration of solutions Aqueous reactions
More informationREDOX REACTIONS. Chapters 4, 19.1 & 19.2 M. Shozi CHEM110 / 2014
REDOX REACTIONS Chapters 4, 19.1 & 19.2 M. Shozi CHEM110 / 2014 REDOX REACTIONS Reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants When a substance loses electrons, it undergoes oxidation: Ca(s)
More informationYear 10 Chemistry Exam June 2011 Multiple Choice. Section A Multiple Choice
Year 10 Chemistry Exam June 2011 Multiple Choice Section A Multiple Choice 1 An aqueous solution is obtained when: a. a substance dissolves in any liquid b. a substance is dissolved in water c. when a
More informationThe photograph in the textbook provides evidence that an exothermic chemical reaction is occurring.
Preview Lesson Starter Objectives Indications of a Chemical Reaction Characteristics of Chemical Equations Significance of a Chemical Equation Balancing Chemical Equations Section 1 Describing Chemical
More informationChemical Reactions. Burlingame High School Chemistry 1
Chemical Reactions 1 Chemical Equations Chemical equations are use to describe: the substances that react, the reactants the substances that are formed, the products the relative amounts of all substances
More informationTYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS
TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Precipitation Reactions Compounds Soluble Ionic Compounds 1. Group 1A cations and NH 4 + 2. Nitrates (NO 3 ) Acetates (CH 3 COO ) Chlorates (ClO 3 ) Perchlorates (ClO 4 ) Solubility
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solution
1 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 For test 3: Sections 3.7 and 4.1 to 4.5 Copyright The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 2 A solution is a homogenous
More informationCh. 20 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. AKA Redox Reactions
Ch. 20 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions AKA Redox Reactions 20.1 THE MEANING OF OXIDATION AND REDUCTION Early Chemistry Oxidation: a substance gains oxygen Reduction: a substance loses oxygen Nothing can
More informationChapter 5. Chemical reactions
Chapter 5 Chemical reactions Chemical equations CaO(s) + CO 2 (g) CaCO 3 (s) + CO(g) Chemical equation - representation of a chemical reaction; uses the symbols of the elements and formulae of the compounds
More informationChapter Four Learning Objectives. Ions in Aqueous Solution: Electrolytes
Chapter Four Learning Objectives understand the nature of ions dissolved in water determine the products of and write chemical equations for precipitation, acid-base, and oxidation-reduction reactions
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Some typical kinds of chemical reactions: 1. Precipitation reactions: the formation of a salt of lower solubility causes the precipitation to occur. precipr 2.
More informationBalancing CHEMICAL EQUATIONS
Balancing CHEMICAL EQUATIONS CHEMICAL REACTIONS involves a chemical change in the identity of one or more chemical species Ex. Rusting of iron (Fe): chemical rxn btwn water and iron involve the breaking
More information4.02 Chemical Reactions
4.02 Chemical Reactions The Law of Conservation of Mass Dr. Fred Omega Garces Chemistry 111 Miramar College 1 Chemical Reactions Making Substances Chemical Reactions; the heart of chemistry is the chemical
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solution
Reading Assignments: Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 Chapter 4 in R. Chang, Chemistry, 9 th Ed., McGraw-Hill, 2006. or previous editions. Or related topics in other textbooks. Consultation outside
More informationChemical Reactions and Equations
Chemical Reactions and Equations 5-1 5.1 What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a chemical change. A chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances is converted into one or more new
More informationS 8 + F 2 SF 6 4/9/2014. iclicker Participation Question: Balance the following equation by inspection: H + + Cr 2 O 7 + C 2 H 5 OH
Today: Redox Reactions Oxidations Reductions Oxidation Numbers Half Reactions Balancing in Acidic Solution Balancing in Basic Solution QUIZ 3 & EXAM 3 moved up by one day: Quiz 3 Wednesday/Thursday next
More information(A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single replacement (D) Double replacement: Acid-base (E) Combustion
AP Chemistry - Problem Drill 08: Chemical Reactions No. 1 of 10 1. What type is the following reaction: H 2 CO 3 (aq) + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) CaCO 3 (aq) + 2 H 2 O (l)? (A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single
More informationChapter 5: Chemical Reactions
Chapter 5: Chemical Reactions CHEMICAL EQUATIONS Chemical equations are a convenient way to represent chemical reactions. Chemical equations are written in terms of reactants and products. A symbol is
More informationA reaction in which a solid forms is called a precipitation reaction. Solid = precipitate
Chapter 7 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Section 7.1 Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur Four Driving Forces Favor Chemical Change 1. Formation of a solid 2. Formation of water 3. Transfer of electrons
More informationCHEMISTRY 40S: AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS LESSON 4 NOTES. When you have completed this lesson, you will be able to:
CHEMISTRY 40S: AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS LESSON 4 NOTES Introduction Oxidation and reduction reactions often occur in aqueous environments. We ve often heard of the term oxidation in reference to the rusting of
More informationELECTROCHEMISTRY. Oxidation/Reduction
ELECTROCHEMISTRY Electrochemistry involves the relationship between electrical energy and chemical energy. OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS SPONTANEOUS REACTIONS Examples: voltaic cells, batteries. NON-SPONTANEOUS
More informationReactions. Balancing Equations. Steps for Balancing 1/13/2012
Chapter 8 Reactions Balancing Equations The number of atoms of each element must be equal on each side of the equation. 4K + O 2 2K 2 O Al + ZnCl 2 Zn + AlCl 3 Steps for Balancing Write the formulas for
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solution
Observing and Predicting Reactions Chapter 4 Explosion!! Reactions in Aqueous Solution Fire! Precipitate Smoke How do we know when a reaction is taking place? Bubbles Change in Temperature 1 Properties
More informationOxidation & Reduction (Redox) Notes
Oxidation & Reduction (Redox) Notes Chemical Activity (or Chemical Reactivity) is the measure of the reactivity of elements. If an element has high activity, then it means that the element is willing to
More informationNotes: Chemical Reactions. Diatomic elements: H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2 I Bring Clay For Our New Hut OR HOBrFINCl
Name Chemistry-PreAP Notes: Chemical Reactions Period Review: Some elements do not occur as single atoms when uncombined with other elements. They will bond with themselves, forming a molecule. In any
More informationChemical Equations. Chemical Reactions. The Hindenburg Reaction 5/25/11
Chemical Reactions CHM 1032C Chemical Equations Chemical change involves a reorganization of the atoms in one or more substances. The Hindenburg Reaction Reactants are on left, products to the right. Arrow
More informationTypes of chemical reactions
PowerPoint to accompany Types of chemical reactions Chapters 3 & 16.1 M. Shozi CHEM110 / 2013 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solutions are mixtures of two or more pure substances. The solvent
More information7/16/2012. Chapter Four: Like Dissolve Like. The Water Molecule. Ionic Compounds in Water. General Properties of Aqueous Solutions
General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Chapter Four: TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance
More informationAP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry
HO AP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to:! Predict to some extent whether a substance
More informationChapter 5: Chemical Reactions
Chapter 5: Chemical Reactions CHEMICAL EQUATIONS Chemical equations are a convenient way to represent chemical reactions. Chemical equations are written in terms of reactants and products. A symbol is
More informationYear 10 Chemistry Exam June 2011 Multiple Choice. Section A Mulltiple Choice
Year 10 Chemistry Exam June 2011 Multiple Choice Section A Mulltiple Choice 1. An aqueous solution is obtained when: a. a substance dissolves in any liquid b. a substance is dissolved in water c. when
More informationChemistry I-H Types of Reactions / Reaction Prediction / Reaction Theory
Chemistry I-H Types of Reactions / Reaction Prediction / Reaction Theory I. Synthesis (combination) A + B ---------> AB Substances that are chemically combined may be two elements or two compounds. If
More informationSingle Displacement Reactions
Let s writing NIE s for these reaction types, and answering questions about each. 3) Oxidation Reduction Reactions Single Displacement (aka Single Replacement) These may include the following reaction
More informationReactions in Aqueous Solutions
Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Chapter 4 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions (4.1) Precipitation Reactions (4.2) Acid-Base Reactions (4.3) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (4.4) Concentration of Solutions
More informationReactions. Chapter 3 Combustion Decomposition Combination. Chapter 4 Reactions. Exchange reactions (Metathesis) Formation of a precipitate
Reactions Chapter 3 Combustion Decomposition Combination Chapter 4 Reactions Exchange reactions (Metathesis) Formation of a precipitate Formation of a gas Formation of a week or nonelectrolyte Single Displacement
More informationAP Chemistry Unit #4. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry
AP Chemistry Unit #4 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to: Predict to some extent whether a substance will be a strong electrolyte,
More informationChapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry Water, the Common Solvent One of the most important substances on Earth. Can dissolve many different substances. A polar molecule because
More informationREDOX AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY
SOUTH HIGH SCHOOL REDOX AND ELECTROCHEMISTRY Regents Chemistry Dr. Lombardo NAME Content Objectives REDOX & ELECTROCHEMISTRY What will students know and be able to do by the end of this instructional unit?
More informationNotes: Chemical Reactions (text Ch. 8)
U Name Per. Notes: Chemical Reactions (text Ch. 8) NOTE: This set of class notes is not complete. We will be filling in information in class. If you are absent, it is your responsibility to get missing
More informationChemical Reaction Defn: Chemical Reaction: when starting chemical species form different chemicals.
Chemical Reaction Defn: Chemical Reaction: when starting chemical species form different chemicals. Evidence to indicate that a chemical reaction has occurred: Temperature change Different coloured materials
More informationDirections: Use the rules for Assigning Oxidation numbers to determine the oxidation number assigned to each element in each of the given formulas.
Oxidation Numbers #00 Directions: Use the rules for Assigning Oxidation numbers to determine the oxidation number assigned to each element in each of the given formulas. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
More informationCh 100: Fundamentals for Chemistry
Ch 100: Fundamentals for Chemistry Chapter 8: Chemical Equations Lecture Notes Chemical Equations (Intro) 1. Chemical equations are used to symbolically describe chemical reactions 2. In a chemical equation
More informationUnit 5 Part 2: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry
Unit 5 Part 2: Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry Oxidation Numbers Oxidizing and Reducing Agents Balancing Redox Reactions Acidic solutions Basic solutions Galvanic Cells Nernst Equation This reaction
More informationAP CHEMISTRY NOTES 2-1 ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS
AP CHEMISTRY NOTES 2-1 ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS RULES FOR ASSIGNING OXIDATION NUMBERS: 1. The oxidation number of any free element (including diatomic elements) is always 0. 2. The sum of the oxidation
More informationRedox and Electrochemistry
Redox and Electrochemistry 1 Electrochemistry in Action! 2 Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers The oxidation number of any uncombined element is 0. The oxidation number of a monatomic ion equals the
More informationChapter 4. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4 Table of Contents 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent 4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes 4.3 The Composition
More informationUnit 6. Chemical Reactions
Unit 6 Chemical Reactions Physical Vs. Chemical Change Physical changes= changes in form (phase), but not the identity of the substance ex: H 2 O (s) H 2 O (l) (* Starts as H 2 O and ends as H 2 O) Chemical
More informationOxidation and reduction reactions v Found often in aqueous environments v Examples include, rusting of metals v Cracking a glow stick, where
Oxidation and reduction reactions v Found often in aqueous environments v Examples include, rusting of metals v Cracking a glow stick, where electrons are transferred to convert the chemical energy into
More informationChem 101 Review. Fall 2012
Chem 101 Review Fall 2012 Elements, Atoms, Ions Elements in nature symbols Constant composition chemical formula Dalton s atomic theory Atomic structure what makes up the atom ions isotopes Periodic table
More informationMoles. Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities
Moles Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in
More informationUnit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry
Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry Reactions Chemical equation Expression representing a chemical reaction Formulas of reactants on the left side Formulas of products on the right side Arrow(s) connect(s)
More informationChapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Homework Chapter 4 11, 15, 21, 23, 27, 29, 35, 41, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 73, 75, 81, 85 1 2 Chapter Objectives Solution To understand the nature of ionic substances
More informationChemical Equations and Chemical Reactions
Chemical Equations Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions Chemical equations are concise representations of chemical reactions. Chemical Equations Symbols Used in Chemical Equations The formulas of
More informationChemical reactions. least common reaction types. Balancing. A + B - (aq) + C + D - (aq) Double Displacement. aqueous.
transfer of electrons examples: batteries, corrosion, metabolism production & burning of fuels REDOX reduction is gain of e oxidation is loss of e most common reaction types OILRIG Chemical reactions Balancing
More informationChapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary
Chapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent A. Structure of water 1. Oxygen s electronegativity is high (3.5) and hydrogen s is low (2.1)
More informationChemical Reactions. A. Chemical Reactions And The Law Of Conservation Of Mass
Chemical Reactions A. Chemical Reactions And The Law Of Conservation Of Mass 1. A CHEMICAL REACTION is a change that produces new materials with different properties from the starting materials. Various
More informationChapter 6. Chemical Reactions. Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide.
Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide. Evidence of Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Reactants Products Reactant(s): Substance(s) present before the
More informationChapter 7 - Chemical Reactions
Chapter 7 - Chemical Reactions Evidence of a Chemical Reaction If we could see the atoms and molecules that compose matter, we could easily identify a chemical reaction: Atoms combine with other atoms
More information**The partially (-) oxygen pulls apart and surrounds the (+) cation. The partially (+) hydrogen pulls apart and surrounds the (-) anion.
#19 Notes Unit 3: Reactions in Solutions Ch. Reactions in Solutions I. Solvation -the act of dissolving (solute (salt) dissolves in the solvent (water)) Hydration: dissolving in water, the universal solvent.
More informationCHAPTER Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products. New substances produced The arrow means yields TYPES OF EQUATIONS.
CHAPTER 11 Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products New substances produced The arrow means yields Where do Chemical Reactions occur? Everywhere!!! In living organisms In
More informationHW 7 KEY!! Chap. 7, #'s 11, 12, odd, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 53, 59, 67, 70, all, 77, 82, 84, 88, 89 (plus a couple of unassigned ones)
HW 7 KEY!! Chap. 7, #'s 11, 12, 15-21 odd, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 53, 59, 67, 70, 72-75 all, 77, 82, 84, 88, 89 (plus a couple of unassigned ones) 11) NOTE: I used the solubility rules that I have provided
More informationClassifying Chemical Reactions
Classifying Chemical Reactions Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Combination Reactions Decomposition Reactions Displacement Reactions Metathesis Reactions Acid-Base (neutralization) Reactions Precipitation
More informationChapter 9. Chemical reactions
Chapter 9 Chemical reactions Topics we ll be looking at in this chapter Types of chemical reactions Redox and non-redox reactions Terminology associated with redox processes Collision theory and chemical
More informationBIG IDEA TWO. October 13, 2016
BIG IDEA TWO October 13, 2016 Topics to Cover in Big Idea 2 1. Ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds 2. Polarity and dipole moment 3. Intermolecular forces (IMF): 4. Lewis dot structures 5. Resonance forms
More informationChapter 4 Chemical Formulas, Reactions, Redox and Solutions
Terms to Know: Solubility Solute Solvent Solution Chapter 4 the amount of substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature. a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution
More informationChapter 8. Chemical Equations and Reactions
Chapter 8 Chemical Equations and Reactions Chemical Equations Represents, w/ symbols & formulas, the reactants & products in a chemical reaction Requirements Must represent the known facts Must contain
More informationChapter Four: Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter Four: Reactions in Aqueous Solution Learning Outcomes: Identify compounds as acids or bases, and as strong, weak, or nonelectrolytes Recognize reactions by type and be able to predict the products
More informationChapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1
Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4.1 The Role of Water as a Solvent 4.2 Writing Equations for Aqueous Ionic Reactions 4.3 Precipitation Reactions
More information