BIG IDEA TWO. October 13, 2016

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "BIG IDEA TWO. October 13, 2016"

Transcription

1 BIG IDEA TWO October 13, 2016

2 Topics to Cover in Big Idea 2 1. Ionic, metallic, and covalent bonds 2. Polarity and dipole moment 3. Intermolecular forces (IMF): 4. Lewis dot structures 5. Resonance forms 6. Incomplete octets 7. Expanded octets 8. Formal charge 9. Molecular geometry (VSEPR) 10. Bonding and phases 11. Kinetic molecular theory 12. The ideal gas equation 13. Dalton s Law 14. Deviations from the ideal behavior 15. Density 16. Solutions: molarity and mole fraction

3 TYPES OF REACTIONS & SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY

4 Review: Aqueous Solutions 1. Solute 2. Solvent 3. Solubility à Water is the universal solvent Does everything always dissolve in water? 4. Electrolytes Strong electrolytes Weak electrolytes Nonelectrolytes

5 Composition of Solutions Molarity (M) = moles solute/liters of solution Ex: A g sample of potassium phosphate is dissolved in enough water to make 750 ml of solution.

6 Composition of Solutions Give the concentration of ions in a solution of 0.50 M Co(NO 3 ) 2 Calculate the number of moles in 2.5 L of the Co(NO 3 ) 2 solution.

7 Composition of Solutions Which of the following solutions contains the greatest number of ions? a) ml of 0.10 M NaCl. b) ml of 0.10 M CaCl 2. c) ml of 0.10 M FeCl 3. d) ml of 0.10 M sucrose.

8 Composition of Solutions: Dilutions The process of adding water to a concentrated or stock solution to achieve the molarity desired for a particular solution. Dilution with water does not alter the numbers of moles of solute present. Moles of solute before dilution = moles of solute after dilution M 1 V 1 = M 2 V 2

9 Composition of Solutions: Dilutions Ex: What is the minimum volume of a 2.00 M NaOH solution needed to make ml of a M NaOH solution?

10 Types of Chemical Reactions (Rxns) 1. Synthesis 2. Decomposition 3. Single Replacement 4. Double Replacement Precipitation Reactions 5. Combustion Reactions 6. Acid Base Reactions 7. Oxidation Reduction Reactions

11 Writing different reactions Steps for writing reactions: 1. Identify the type of reaction 2. Predict the product(s) using the type of reaction as a model 3. Balance the reaction

12 Type 1: Synthesis Rxn Synthesis reactions occur when two substances (generally elements) combine and form a compound. reactant + reactant à 1 product Rxn Outline: A + B à AB Example: 2H 2 + O 2 à 2H 2 O

13 Type 2: Decomposition Rxn Decomposition reactions occur when a compound breaks up into the elements or into simpler compounds 1 Reactant à Product + Product Rxn Outline: AB à A + B Example: 2 H 2 O à 2H 2 + O 2

14 Decomposition Exceptions Carbonates and chlorates are special case decomposition reactions that do not go to the elements. Carbonates (CO 3 2- ) decompose to carbon dioxide and a metal oxide Example: CaCO 3 à CO 2 + CaO Chlorates (ClO 3- ) decompose to oxygen gas and a metal chloride Example: 2 Al(ClO 3 ) 3 à 2 AlCl O 2

15 Type 3: Single Replacement Single Replacement rxns occur when one element replaces another in a compound. A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a nonmetal can replace a nonmetal (-). Element + Compoundà Element + Compound A + BC à AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC à BA + C (if A is a nonmetal) (remember the cation always goes first!)

16 Type 4: Double Replacement Double Replacement Reactions occur when a metal replaces a metal in a compound and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal in a compound Compound + compound à compound+ compound AB + CD à AD + CB

17 Precipitation Reaction A double displacement reaction in which a solid forms and separates from the solution. When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the resulting solution contains the separated ions. Precipitate the solid that forms.

18 Precipitation Reaction Soluble solid dissolves in solution; (aq) is used in reaction. Insoluble solid does not dissolve in solution; (s) is used in reaction. Insoluble and slightly soluble are often used interchangeably.

19 Solubility Rules (In Your Handbook) 1. Most nitrate (NO 3- ) salts are soluble. 2. Most alkali metal (group 1A) salts and NH 4 + are soluble. 3. Most Cl -, Br -, and I - salts are soluble (except Ag +, Pb 2+, Hg 2 2+ ). 4. Most sulfate salts are soluble (except BaSO 4, PbSO 4, Hg 2 SO 4, CaSO 4 ). 5. Most OH - are only slightly soluble (NaOH, KOH are soluble, Ba(OH) 2, Ca(OH) 2 are marginally soluble). 6. Most S 2-, CO 3 2-, CrO 4 2-, PO salts are only slightly soluble, except for those containing the cations in Rule 2.

20 Writing PPT Rxns Total Ionic Equation Represents as ions all reactants and products that are strong electrolytes. Net Ionic Equation Includes only those solution components undergoing a change.

21 PPT Rxn Example Write the correct formula equation, complete ionic equation, and net ionic equation for the reaction between cobalt(ii) chloride and sodium hydroxide.

22 Stoichiometry of PPT Rxns 1. Identify the species present in the combined solution, and determine what reaction if any occurs. 2. Write the balanced net ionic equation for the reaction. 3. Calculate the moles of reactants. 4. Determine which reactant is limiting. 5. Calculate the moles of product(s), as required. 6. Convert to grams or other units, as required.

23 Stoichiometry of PPT Rxns 10.0 ml of a 0.30 M sodium phosphate solution reacts with 20.0 ml of a 0.20 M lead(ii) nitrate solution (assume no volume change). What precipitate will form? What mass of precipitate will form?

24 Stoichiometry of PPT Rxns 10.0 ml of a 0.30 M sodium phosphate solution reacts with 20.0 ml of a 0.20 M lead(ii) nitrate solution (assume no volume change). What is the concentration of nitrate ions left in solution after the reaction is complete?

25 Reaction Type Summary

26 Type 5: Combustion Rxns Combustion reactions occur when a hydrocarbon reacts with oxygen gas. This is also called burning. In order to burn something you need the 3 things 1. A Fuel (hydrocarbon) 2. Oxygen to burn it with 3. Something to ignite the reaction (spark)

27 Type 6: Acid Base Reactions Acid proton donor Base proton acceptor For a strong acid and base reaction: NaOH (aq) + HCl (aq) à NaCl (aq) + H 2 O (l) H + (aq) + OH (aq) à H 2 O(l)

28 Type 7: Redox Reactions Reactions in which one or more electrons are transferred. An oxidation occurs when an atom or ion loses electrons. A reduction occurs when an atom or ion gains electrons. LEO the lion goes GER

29 Redox Characteristics Oxidation is loss of electrons Reduction is gain of electrons Oxidation is always accompanied by reduction The total number of electrons is kept constant Oxidizing agents oxidize and are themselves reduced Reducing agents reduce and are themselves oxidized

30 KNOW & MEMORIZE! Oxidizing agent Is itself reduced Gains electrons Causes oxidation Reducing agent Is itself oxidized Loses electrons Causes reduction

31 Assigning Oxidation Numbers 1. Oxidation state of an atom in an element = 0 2. Oxidation state of monatomic ion = charge of the ion 3. Oxygen = -2 in covalent compounds (except in peroxides where it = -1) 4. Hydrogen = +1 in covalent compounds 5. Fluorine = -1 in compounds 6. Sum of oxidation states = 0 in compounds 7. Sum of oxidation states = charge of the ion in ions

32 Practice Problems What is the oxidation number of... 1) N in NO 3 2) C in CO 32 3) Cr in CrO 42 4) Cr in Cr 2 O 72

33 Ox-Reduction Problems Determine which element is oxidized and which is reduced when lithium reacts with nitrogen to form lithium nitride. 6 Li(s) + N 2 (g) à 2 Li 3 N(s)

34 The Role of Oxidation Numbers in Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chemists eventually extended the idea of oxidation and reduction to reactions that do not formally involve the transfer of electrons. CO(g) + H2O(g) à CO2(g) + H2(g) What changes in this reaction is the oxidation state of these atoms. The oxidation state of carbon increases from +2 to +4, while the oxidation state of the hydrogen decreases from +1 to 0.

35 Practice Problem 2: Determine which atom is oxidized and which is reduced in the following reaction Sr(s) + 2 H 2 O(l) à Sr 2+ (aq) + 2 OH - (aq) + H 2 (g)

36 Practice Problem 3: Determine which element is oxidized and which is reduced when lithium reacts with nitrogen to form lithium nitride.

37 BALANCING OX-RED RXNS

38 What is a Half-Reaction? A half-reaction is simply one which shows either reduction OR oxidation, but not both: Ag + + Cu à Ag + Cu 2+ It has BOTH a reduction and an oxidation in it. That is why we call it a redox reaction, from REDuction and OXidation.

39 What you must be able to do is look at a redox reaction and separate out the two half-reactions in it. To do that, identify the atoms which get reduced and get oxidized. Here are the two half reactions from the example: Ag + + Cu à Ag + Cu 2+ Ag + à Ag Cu à Cu 2+

40 When you look at the two half-reactions, you will see they are already balanced for atoms with one Ag on each side and one Cu on each side. So, all we need to do is balance the charge. To the silver half-reaction, we add one electron: Ag + + e à Ag To the copper half-reaction, we add two electrons: Cu à Cu e

41 Balance each half-reaction for atoms and charge: 1. Cl 2 àcl 2. Sn àsn Fe 2+ àfe Sn + NO 3 àsno 2 + NO 2 5. HClO + Co à Cl 2 + Co 2+

42 Balancing in an acidic solution: H 2 O: water is present because the reaction is taking place in solution H + : the hydrogen ion is available because it is in acid solution e - : electrons are available because that's what is transferred in redox reactions All three will be used in balancing the equation.

43 1. Balance the atom being reduced/oxidized. In our example, there is already one Mn on each side of the arrow, so this step is already done. MnO 4 à Mn Balance the oxygens. Do this by adding water molecules (as many as are needed) to the side needing oxygen. In our case, the left side has 4 oxygens, while the right side has none, so: MnO 4 àmn H 2 O

44 3. Balance the hydrogens. Do this by adding hydrogen ions (as many as are needed) to the side needing hydrogen. In our example, we need 8 (notice the water molecule's formula, then consider 4 x 2 = 8). 8H + + MnO 4 à Mn H 2 O 4. Balance the total charge. This will be done using electrons. It is ALWAYS the last step. 5e + 8H + + MnO 4 à Mn H 2 O

45 Example: Cr 2 O 72 à Cr Balance the atom being reduced/ oxidized. 2. Balance the oxygens. 3. Balance the hydrogens. 4. Balance the total charge.

46 Practice Problems 1. Re àreo 2 2. Cl 2 àhclo 3. NO 3 àhno 2 4. H 2 GeO 3 àge 5. H 2 SeO 3 àseo 42

47 There are three other chemical species available in a basic solution: 1. H 2 O: water is present because the reaction is taking place in solution 2. OH - : the hydroxide ion is available because it is in basic solution 3. e - : electrons are available because that's what is transferred in redox reactions.

48 PbO 2 à PbO Step One to Four: Balance the half-reaction AS IF it were in acid solution. 1. Balance the atom being reduced/oxidized. 2. Balance the oxygens (using H 2 O). 3. Balance the hydrogens (using H + ). 4. Balance the charge. When you do that to the above half-reaction, you get: 2e + 2H + + PbO 2 àpbo + H 2 O

49 Step Five: Convert all H + to H 2 O. Do this by adding OH ions to both sides. The side with the H + will determine how many hydroxide to add. In our case, the left side has 2 hydrogen ions, while the right side has none, so: 2e + 2H + + PbO 2 àpbo + H 2 O 2e + 2H 2 O + PbO 2 à PbO + H 2 O + 2OH

50 Step Six: Remove any duplicate molecules or ions. In our example, there are two water molecules on the left and one on the right. This means one water molecule may be removed from each side, giving: 2e + H 2 O + PbO 2 à PbO + 2OH

Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reaction and Solution Stoichiometry Water, the Common Solvent One of the most important substances on Earth. Can dissolve many different substances. A polar molecule because

More information

Chapter 4. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4 Table of Contents 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent 4.2 The Nature of Aqueous Solutions: Strong and Weak Electrolytes 4.3 The Composition

More information

Types of Chemical Reactions (rxns.)

Types of Chemical Reactions (rxns.) Types of Chemical Reactions (rxns.) Introduction Chemical reactions occur when bonds (between the electrons of atoms) are formed or broken Chemical reactions involve changes in the chemical composition

More information

Types of Reactions. There are five main types of chemical reactions we will talk about:

Types of Reactions. There are five main types of chemical reactions we will talk about: Chemical Reactions Types of Reactions There are five main types of chemical reactions we will talk about: 1. Synthesis reactions 2. Decomposition reactions 3. Single displacement reactions 4. Double displacement

More information

Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. V. Molarity VI. Acid-Base Titrations VII. Dilution of Solutions

Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. V. Molarity VI. Acid-Base Titrations VII. Dilution of Solutions Chapter 4; Reactions in Aqueous Solutions I. Electrolytes vs. NonElectrolytes II. Precipitation Reaction a) Solubility Rules III. Reactions of Acids a) Neutralization b) Acid and Carbonate c) Acid and

More information

Chapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary

Chapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary Chapter 4 Notes Types of Chemical Reactions and Solutions Stoichiometry A Summary 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent A. Structure of water 1. Oxygen s electronegativity is high (3.5) and hydrogen s is low (2.1)

More information

Types of Reactions. There are five types of chemical reactions we observed in the lab:

Types of Reactions. There are five types of chemical reactions we observed in the lab: Chemical Reactions Acids and Bases Acids: Form hydrogen ions (H + ) when dissolved in water. HCl (aq) H + (aq) + Cl - (aq) Examples: HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO 3 (nitric acid), H 2 SO 4 (sulfuric acid),

More information

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Introduction. Chemical Equations

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Introduction. Chemical Equations CHEMICAL REACTIONS Chemistry I Chapter 7 1 Chemical Equations Their Job: Depict the kind of reactants and products and their relative amounts in a reaction. 4 Al (s) + 3 O 2 (g) ---> 2 Al 2 O 3 (s) The

More information

AP Chemistry Note Outline Chapter 4: Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry:

AP Chemistry Note Outline Chapter 4: Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry: AP Chemistry Note Outline Chapter 4: Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry: Water as a solvent Strong and Weak Electrolytes Solution Concentrations How to Make up a solution Types of Reactions Introduction

More information

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS Precipitation Reactions Compounds Soluble Ionic Compounds 1. Group 1A cations and NH 4 + 2. Nitrates (NO 3 ) Acetates (CH 3 COO ) Chlorates (ClO 3 ) Perchlorates (ClO 4 ) Solubility

More information

Solubility Rules See also Table 4.1 in text and Appendix G in Lab Manual

Solubility Rules See also Table 4.1 in text and Appendix G in Lab Manual Ch 4 Chemical Reactions Ionic Theory of Solutions - Ionic substances produce freely moving ions when dissolved in water, and the ions carry electric current. (S. Arrhenius, 1884) - An electrolyte is a

More information

Chapter 4. Reactions In Aqueous Solution

Chapter 4. Reactions In Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 Reactions In Aqueous Solution I) General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Homogeneous mixture on a molecular level - prop. same throughout - separable by physical means - variable composition

More information

Chapter 6. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 6. Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 6 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 6 Table of Contents (6.1) (6.2) (6.3) (6.4) (6.5) (6.6) (6.7) (6.8) Water, the common solvent The nature of aqueous solutions: Strong

More information

Chemical Equations. Chemical Reactions. The Hindenburg Reaction 5/25/11

Chemical Equations. Chemical Reactions. The Hindenburg Reaction 5/25/11 Chemical Reactions CHM 1032C Chemical Equations Chemical change involves a reorganization of the atoms in one or more substances. The Hindenburg Reaction Reactants are on left, products to the right. Arrow

More information

Chapter 4 - Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Chemistry

Chapter 4 - Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Chemistry Chapter 4 - Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Chemistry 4.1 Water, the Common Solvent - the water molecule is bent with and H-O-H angles of approx. 105 º - O-H bonds are covalent - O is slightly

More information

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Topics General properties of aqueous solutions Precipitation reactions Acid base reactions Oxidation reduction reactions Concentration of solutions Aqueous reactions

More information

Help! I m Melting, wait...i m dissolving! Notes (Ch. 4)

Help! I m Melting, wait...i m dissolving! Notes (Ch. 4) Aqueous Solutions I. Most reactions happen. II. Aqueous means. III. A solution is a. IV. Dissolving occurs when water and/or. V. Electrolytes:. A. In solution, ionic compounds dissolve into. B. molecular

More information

Chem 1A Dr. White Fall Handout 4

Chem 1A Dr. White Fall Handout 4 Chem 1A Dr. White Fall 2014 1 Handout 4 4.4 Types of Chemical Reactions (Overview) A. Non-Redox Rxns B. Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) reactions 4.6. Describing Chemical Reactions in Solution A. Molecular

More information

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Types of Reactions. Steps to Writing Reactions

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Types of Reactions. Steps to Writing Reactions Types of Reactions CHEMICAL REACTIONS There are five types of chemical reactions we will talk about: 1. Synthesis reactions 2. reactions 3. Single displacement reactions 4. reactions 5. Combustion reactions

More information

Chapter 9. Vocabulary Ch Kick Off Activity. Objectives. Interpreting Formulas. Interpreting Formulas

Chapter 9. Vocabulary Ch Kick Off Activity. Objectives. Interpreting Formulas. Interpreting Formulas Chapter 9 Chemical Vocabulary Ch. 9.1 Chemical reaction Reactant Product Word Equation Skeleton Equation Chemical equation Coefficient 1 2 Objectives Write chemical equations to describe chemical reactions

More information

Solution Chemistry. Chapter 4

Solution Chemistry. Chapter 4 Solution Chemistry Chapter 4 Covalent Molecule Dissolving in Water Ionic Compound Dissolving in Water Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Electrolytes/Nonelectrolytes Type Dissociation Electrical Conductivity

More information

Chap. 4 AQUEOUS RXNS. O H δ+ 4.1 WATER AS A SOLVENT 4.2 AQUEOUS IONIC REACTIONS. Page 4-1. NaOH(aq) + HCl(g) NaCl(aq) +H 2 O

Chap. 4 AQUEOUS RXNS. O H δ+ 4.1 WATER AS A SOLVENT 4.2 AQUEOUS IONIC REACTIONS. Page 4-1. NaOH(aq) + HCl(g) NaCl(aq) +H 2 O Chap. AQUEOUS RXNS.1 WATER AS A SOLVENT Describe solution composition in terms of molarity Describe strong and weak electrolyte solutions, including acids and bases Use ionic equations to describe neutralization

More information

Chemical Reactions. All chemical reactions can be written as chemical equations.

Chemical Reactions. All chemical reactions can be written as chemical equations. Chemical Reactions All chemical reactions can be written as chemical equations. What is a Chemical Reaction? Chemical reactions represent chemical changes A chemical change occurs when a substance has

More information

Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Homework Chapter 4 11, 15, 21, 23, 27, 29, 35, 41, 45, 47, 51, 55, 57, 61, 63, 73, 75, 81, 85 1 2 Chapter Objectives Solution To understand the nature of ionic substances

More information

CHEMICAL REACTION. Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico 1

CHEMICAL REACTION. Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico 1 CHEMICAL REACTION Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico 1 Chemical Reaction Engr. Yvonne Ligaya F. Musico 2 Introduction Chemical reactions occur when bonds between the outermost parts of atoms are formed or broken

More information

CHAPTER Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products. New substances produced The arrow means yields TYPES OF EQUATIONS.

CHAPTER Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products. New substances produced The arrow means yields TYPES OF EQUATIONS. CHAPTER 11 Chemical Reactions 11.1 Describing Chemical Reactions Reactants Products New substances produced The arrow means yields Where do Chemical Reactions occur? Everywhere!!! In living organisms In

More information

Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry

Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry Unit 4: Reactions and Stoichiometry Reactions Chemical equation Expression representing a chemical reaction Formulas of reactants on the left side Formulas of products on the right side Arrow(s) connect(s)

More information

CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY

CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY CHAPTER 4 TYPES OF CHEMICAL EQUATIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY Water, the common solvent Solution is a homogeneous mixture Solvent is the substance that does the dissolving Solute is the substance that

More information

Chapter 4 Chemical Formulas, Reactions, Redox and Solutions

Chapter 4 Chemical Formulas, Reactions, Redox and Solutions Terms to Know: Solubility Solute Solvent Solution Chapter 4 the amount of substance that dissolves in a given volume of solvent at a given temperature. a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

More information

**The partially (-) oxygen pulls apart and surrounds the (+) cation. The partially (+) hydrogen pulls apart and surrounds the (-) anion.

**The partially (-) oxygen pulls apart and surrounds the (+) cation. The partially (+) hydrogen pulls apart and surrounds the (-) anion. #19 Notes Unit 3: Reactions in Solutions Ch. Reactions in Solutions I. Solvation -the act of dissolving (solute (salt) dissolves in the solvent (water)) Hydration: dissolving in water, the universal solvent.

More information

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance (the solute) is

More information

Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Copyright McGraw-Hill

Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Copyright McGraw-Hill Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright McGraw-Hill 2009 1 4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Solution - a homogeneous mixture Solute: the component that is dissolved Solvent: the component

More information

Chapter 4. Properties of Aqueous Solutions. Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions. Strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte. Electrolytic Properties

Chapter 4. Properties of Aqueous Solutions. Electrolytes in Aqueous Solutions. Strong, weak, or nonelectrolyte. Electrolytic Properties Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solution Observing and Predicting Reactions How do we know whether a reaction occurs? What observations indicate a reaction has occurred? In your groups, make a list of changes

More information

(A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single replacement (D) Double replacement: Acid-base (E) Combustion

(A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single replacement (D) Double replacement: Acid-base (E) Combustion AP Chemistry - Problem Drill 08: Chemical Reactions No. 1 of 10 1. What type is the following reaction: H 2 CO 3 (aq) + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) CaCO 3 (aq) + 2 H 2 O (l)? (A) Composition (B) Decomposition (C) Single

More information

Session 8: LECTURE OUTLINE (SECTIONS I1 I4 pp F61 F67)

Session 8: LECTURE OUTLINE (SECTIONS I1 I4 pp F61 F67) Session 8: LECTURE OUTLINE (SECTIONS I1 I4 pp F61 F67) I. Elecrolytes a. Soluble substances b. Insoluble substances c. Electrolytes d. Non-Electrolytes e. Ions and electrical conductivity f. Strong and

More information

UNIT (4) CALCULATIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS

UNIT (4) CALCULATIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS UNIT (4) CALCULATIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS 4.1 Formula Masses Recall that the decimal number written under the symbol of the element in the periodic table is the atomic mass of the element. Atomic mass

More information

Types of Reactions: Reactions

Types of Reactions: Reactions 1 Reactions On the A.P. Test there will be one question (question #4) that will say: Give the formulas to show the reactants and the products for the following chemical reactions. Each occurs in aqueous

More information

elemental state. There are two different possibilities: DESCRIPTION 1. One cation (+ ion) replaces another. 2. One anion (- ion) replaces another.

elemental state. There are two different possibilities: DESCRIPTION 1. One cation (+ ion) replaces another. 2. One anion (- ion) replaces another. CHEMICAL TYPES HANDOUT In these reactions, a free element reacts with a compound to form another compound and release one of the elements of the original compound in the elemental state. There are two

More information

Unit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate.

Unit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate. 1 Unit 4a: Solution Stoichiometry Last revised: October 19, 2011 If you are not part of the solution you are the precipitate. You should be able to: Vocabulary of water solubility Differentiate between

More information

A reaction in which a solid forms is called a precipitation reaction. Solid = precipitate

A reaction in which a solid forms is called a precipitation reaction. Solid = precipitate Chapter 7 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Section 7.1 Predicting Whether a Reaction Will Occur Four Driving Forces Favor Chemical Change 1. Formation of a solid 2. Formation of water 3. Transfer of electrons

More information

Chapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4: Types of Chemical reactions and Solution Stoichiometry 4.1 Water, The Common Solvent State why water acts as a common solvent. Draw the structure of water, including partial charge. Write equations

More information

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Discuss breaking/forming bonds 10/29/2012. Products Reactants

CHEMICAL REACTIONS. Discuss breaking/forming bonds 10/29/2012. Products Reactants CHEMICAL REACTIONS - Page 321 Products Reactants Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: Zn I 2 Discuss breaking/forming bonds Chemical Reaction or Change process in which one or more substances are converted into

More information

Chapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1

Chapter 4. The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 Chapter 4 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4-1 The Major Classes of Chemical Reactions 4.1 The Role of Water as a Solvent 4.2 Writing Equations for Aqueous Ionic Reactions 4.3 Precipitation Reactions

More information

CHEMICAL REACTIONS 3/1/2012 PARTS OF A CHEMICAL EQUATION. Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: ZnI 2. Indicators of chemical reactions

CHEMICAL REACTIONS 3/1/2012 PARTS OF A CHEMICAL EQUATION. Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: ZnI 2. Indicators of chemical reactions CHEMICAL REACTIONS Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: ZnI 2 Indicators of chemical reactions Emission of light or heat Production of a gas Formation of a precipitate Color change Emission of odor PARTS OF A

More information

7/16/2012. Chapter Four: Like Dissolve Like. The Water Molecule. Ionic Compounds in Water. General Properties of Aqueous Solutions

7/16/2012. Chapter Four: Like Dissolve Like. The Water Molecule. Ionic Compounds in Water. General Properties of Aqueous Solutions General Properties of Aqueous Solutions Chapter Four: TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY A solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. A solution is made when one substance

More information

9.1.2 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS

9.1.2 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS 9.1.2 AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS Work directly from Zumdahl (Chapter 4). Work through exercises as required, then summarise the essentials of the section when complete. To understand the

More information

AP Chemistry Unit #4. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry

AP Chemistry Unit #4. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry AP Chemistry Unit #4 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to: Predict to some extent whether a substance will be a strong electrolyte,

More information

Practice questions for Chapter 4

Practice questions for Chapter 4 Practice questions for Chapter 4 1. An unknown substance dissolves readily in water but not in benzene (a nonpolar solvent). Molecules of what type are present in the substance? A) neither polar nor nonpolar

More information

Chapter 6. Chemical Reactions. Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide.

Chapter 6. Chemical Reactions. Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide. Chapter 6 Chemical Reactions Sodium reacts violently with bromine to form sodium bromide. Evidence of Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Reactants Products Reactant(s): Substance(s) present before the

More information

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1 Chapter 4 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions (4.1) Precipitation Reactions (4.2) Acid-Base Reactions (4.3) Oxidation-Reduction Reactions (4.4) Concentration of Solutions

More information

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction:

During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction: Example 4.1 Stoichiometry During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) according to the reaction: Suppose that a particular plant consumes 37.8 g of CO 2

More information

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Lecture Presentation. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solution. Lecture Presentation. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Lecture Presentation Chapter 4 in Solution 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community College Cottleville, MO Properties of Solutions Solute: substance in lesser quantity in

More information

CH 4 AP. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

CH 4 AP. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions CH 4 AP Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Water Aqueous means dissolved in H 2 O Moderates the Earth s temperature because of high specific heat H-bonds cause strong cohesive and adhesive properties Polar,

More information

Chapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions. 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations

Chapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions. 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations Chapter 4: Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions 4.1 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations A chemical equation represents or symbolizes a chemical reaction. o Substances are represents by their chemical

More information

Chapter 4 Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions

Chapter 4 Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions Chapter 4 Three Major Classes of Chemical Reactions Solution Stoichiometry Many reactions (biochemical, marine, etc.) take place in solution. We need to be able to express the number of moles of particles

More information

Electrolytes do conduct electricity, in proportion to the concentrations of their ions in solution.

Electrolytes do conduct electricity, in proportion to the concentrations of their ions in solution. Chapter 4 (Hill/Petrucci/McCreary/Perry Chemical Reactions in Aqueous Solutions This chapter deals with reactions that occur in aqueous solution these solutions all use water as the solvent. We will look

More information

Oxidation I Lose electrons. Reduction I Gain electrons

Oxidation I Lose electrons. Reduction I Gain electrons Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions In oxidation-reduction (abbreviated as redox ) reactions, electrons are transferred from one reactant to another. Oxidation I Lose electrons Reduction I Gain electrons

More information

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 4 Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances. The solute

More information

Chapter Four: Reactions in Aqueous Solution

Chapter Four: Reactions in Aqueous Solution Chapter Four: Reactions in Aqueous Solution Learning Outcomes: Identify compounds as acids or bases, and as strong, weak, or nonelectrolytes Recognize reactions by type and be able to predict the products

More information

ed. Brad Collins Aqueous Chemistry Chapter 5 Some images copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sunday, August 18, 13

ed. Brad Collins Aqueous Chemistry Chapter 5 Some images copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Sunday, August 18, 13 ed. Brad Collins Aqueous Chemistry Chapter 5 Some images copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. A solution is a homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances at the molecular level The solute(s) is(are)

More information

Honors text: Ch 10 & 12 Unit 06 Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations

Honors text: Ch 10 & 12 Unit 06 Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Notes: Balancing Chemical Equations Effects of chemical reactions: Chemical reactions rearrange atoms in the reactants to form new products. The identities and properties of the products are completely

More information

Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions

Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions Chemical Equations Chemical Equations and Chemical Reactions Chemical equations are concise representations of chemical reactions. Chemical Equations Symbols Used in Chemical Equations The formulas of

More information

AP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry

AP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3. Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry HO AP Chemistry Honors Unit Chemistry #4 2 Unit 3 Chapter 4 Zumdahl & Zumdahl Types of Chemical Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry Students should be able to:! Predict to some extent whether a substance

More information

Chapter 4. Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4. Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Sample Exercise 4.1 (p. 127) The diagram below represents an aqueous solution of one of the following compounds: MgCl 2, KCl, or K 2 SO 4. Which solution does it best represent? Practice Exercise 1 (4.1)

More information

Reactions (Chapter 4) Notes 2016.notebook. October 14, Chemical Reactions. Chapter 4 Notes. Oct 21 8:44 AM. Oct 22 10:14 AM

Reactions (Chapter 4) Notes 2016.notebook. October 14, Chemical Reactions. Chapter 4 Notes. Oct 21 8:44 AM. Oct 22 10:14 AM Chemical Reactions Chapter 4 Notes Oct 21 8:44 AM Oct 22 10:14 AM 1 There are several things to keep in mind writing reactions and predicting products: 1. States of matter of elements/compounds 2. Diatomics

More information

Chemical Reactions. Writing chemical reactions Types of chemical reactions Reactions in aqueous solutions. (ionic equations and solubility rules)

Chemical Reactions. Writing chemical reactions Types of chemical reactions Reactions in aqueous solutions. (ionic equations and solubility rules) Chemical Reactions Writing chemical reactions Types of chemical reactions Reactions in aqueous solutions (ionic equations and solubility rules) Writing Equations REACTANTS PRODUCTS gold (III) sulfide is

More information

Chapter 4: Phenomena. (aq)+ 4H + (aq)+ 2e - Chapter 4: Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4: Phenomena. (aq)+ 4H + (aq)+ 2e - Chapter 4: Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4: Phenomena Phenomena: Many different reactions are known to occur. Scientists wondered if these reactions could be separated into groups based on their properties. Look at the reactions below

More information

Aqueous Reactions. The products are just the cation-anion pairs reversed, or the outies (A and Y joined) and the innies (B and X joined).

Aqueous Reactions. The products are just the cation-anion pairs reversed, or the outies (A and Y joined) and the innies (B and X joined). Aqueous Reactions Defining Aqueous Reactions Aqueous reactions are reactions that take place in water. To understand them, it is important to understand how compounds behave in water. Some compounds are

More information

Chapter 4: Phenomena. Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry.

Chapter 4: Phenomena. Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry. Chapter 4: Phenomena Phenomena: Many different reactions are known to occur. Scientists wondered if these reactions could be separated into groups based on their properties. Look at the reactions below

More information

Chapter 4: Phenomena. Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

Chapter 4: Phenomena. Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Electrolytes. Chapter 4 Types of Chemical Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry Chapter 4: Phenomena Phenomena: Many different reactions are known to occur. Scientists wondered if these reactions could be separated into groups based on their properties. Look at the reactions below

More information

Moles. Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities

Moles. Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities Moles Balanced chemical equations Molar ratios Mass Composition Empirical and Molecular Mass Predicting Quantities Micro World atoms & molecules Macro World grams Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in

More information

Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten. Unit 4 (Chapter 4): Aqueous Reactions &

Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown; H. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten. Unit 4 (Chapter 4): Aqueous Reactions & Chemistry, The Central Science, 10th edition Theodore L. Brown;. Eugene LeMay, Jr.; and Bruce E. Bursten Unit 4 (Chapter 4): Aqueous Reactions & Solution Stoichiometry John D. Bookstaver St. Charles Community

More information

Chemical Reactions and Equations

Chemical Reactions and Equations Chemical Reactions and Equations 5-1 5.1 What is a Chemical Reaction? A chemical reaction is a chemical change. A chemical reaction occurs when one or more substances is converted into one or more new

More information

Chapter 4. Concentration of Solutions. Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined.

Chapter 4. Concentration of Solutions. Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined. Molarity Chapter 4 Concentration of Solutions Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters of solution Given the molarity and the volume, the moles of solute can be determined. Given the molarity and the moles

More information

Quick Review. - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent

Quick Review. - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent Quick Review - Chemical equations - Types of chemical reactions - Balancing chemical equations - Stoichiometry - Limiting reactant/reagent Water H 2 O Is water an ionic or a covalent compound? Covalent,

More information

Chapter 4: Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions:

Chapter 4: Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions: C h e m i s t r y 1 A : C h a p t e r 4 P a g e 1 Chapter 4: Chemical Quantities and Aqueous Reactions: Homework: Read Chapters 4. Work out sample/practice exercises Keep up with assignments in Lab Check

More information

General Chemistry 1 CHM201 Unit 2 Practice Test

General Chemistry 1 CHM201 Unit 2 Practice Test General Chemistry 1 CHM201 Unit 2 Practice Test 1. Which statement about the combustion of propane (C 3H 8) is not correct? C 3H 8 5O 2 3CO 2 4H 2O a. For every propane molecule consumed, three molecules

More information

Reactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions

Reactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions Reactions in aqueous solutions Redox reactions Redox reactions In precipitation reactions, cations and anions come together to form an insoluble ionic compound. In neutralization reactions, H + ions and

More information

Types of Reactions: Reactions

Types of Reactions: Reactions 1 Reactions On the A.P. Test there will be one question (question #4) that will say: Give the formulas to show the reactants and the products for the following chemical reactions. Each occurs in aqueous

More information

Chemistry 1A. Chapter 5

Chemistry 1A. Chapter 5 Chemistry 1A Chapter 5 Water, H 2 O Water Attractions Liquid Water Solutions A solution, also called a homogeneous mixture, is a mixture whose particles are so evenly distributed that the relative concentrations

More information

Revision of Important Concepts. 1. Types of Bonding

Revision of Important Concepts. 1. Types of Bonding Revision of Important Concepts 1. Types of Bonding Electronegativity (EN) often molecular often ionic compounds Bonding in chemical substances Bond energy: Is the energy that is released when a bond is

More information

Ch 100: Fundamentals for Chemistry

Ch 100: Fundamentals for Chemistry Ch 100: Fundamentals for Chemistry Chapter 8: Chemical Equations Lecture Notes Chemical Equations (Intro) 1. Chemical equations are used to symbolically describe chemical reactions 2. In a chemical equation

More information

Regents Chemistry Unit 3- Bonding, Moles & Stoichiometry Study Guide & Pre-Test KEY

Regents Chemistry Unit 3- Bonding, Moles & Stoichiometry Study Guide & Pre-Test KEY Name: Regents Chemistry Unit 3- Bonding, Moles & Stoichiometry Study Guide & Pre-Test KEY Focus Questions for the Unit: How are compounds different... from elements?... from mixtures? What role do valence

More information

Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions

Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions Chapter 3 Chemical Reactions Jeffrey Mack California State University, Sacramento Chemical Reactions Reactants: Zn + I 2 Product: ZnI 2 Chemical Reactions Evidence of a chemical reaction: Gas Evolution

More information

8 Chemical Equations. Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped into liquid bromine.

8 Chemical Equations. Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped into liquid bromine. 8 Chemical Equations Flames and sparks result when aluminum foil is dropped into liquid bromine. Chapter Outline 8.1 The Chemical Equation 8.2 Writing and Balancing Chemical Equations 8.3 Types of Chemical

More information

AP Chemistry. Chapter 4

AP Chemistry. Chapter 4 AP Chemistry Chapter 4 1 Properties of Aqueous Solution Solutions Definition: Any substance (solid, liquid or gas) EVENLY distributed throughout another substance. Solutions have 2 parts: 1) Solvent the

More information

Chapter 9 Practice Worksheet: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Chapter 9 Practice Worksheet: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 9 Practice Worksheet: Reactions in Aqueous Solutions 1. The compound H 2 S is classified as a weak electrolyte. Describe/draw how it reacts when placed in water. Completely dissociates in water.

More information

CHM 111 Final Fall 2012

CHM 111 Final Fall 2012 Name Part I. Multiple Choice 1. Consider the following specific heats of metals. Metal copper cobalt chromium gold silver CHM 111 Final Fall 2012 Specific Heat 0.385 J/(g C) 0.418 J/(g C) 0.447 J/(g C)

More information

CHAPTER 4 AQUEOUS REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY: Electrolyte-a compound that conducts electricity in the melt or in solution (water)

CHAPTER 4 AQUEOUS REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY: Electrolyte-a compound that conducts electricity in the melt or in solution (water) CHAPTER 4 AQUEOUS REACTIONS AND SOLUTION STOICHIOMETRY: Electrolyte-a compound that conducts electricity in the melt or in solution (water) STRONG ELEC. 100% Dissoc. WEAK ELEC..1-10% Dissoc. NON ELEC 0%

More information

Chm 116 (Sp 2004) - Review of Chm 115

Chm 116 (Sp 2004) - Review of Chm 115 Chm 116 (Sp 2004) Review of Chm 115 Conversions within the SI system Examples (with Answers): 1. Convert 1.29 x 10 +5 mg into the following units: kilograms, grams, micrograms, and nanograms. In order

More information

Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions

Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions C h a p t e r 7, C h a p t e r 1 6 ( 2-5 ) : C h e m i c a l R e a c t i o n s P a g e 1 Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions Read Chapter 7 and Check MasteringChemistry due dates. Evidence of Chemical Reactions:

More information

Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions

Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions Chemistry/ PEP Name: Date: Chapter 8 Chemical Reactions Chapter 8: 1 7, 9 18, 20, 21, 24 26, 29 31, 46, 55, 69 Practice Problems 1. Write a skeleton equation for each chemical reaction. Include the appropriate

More information

Chemical Reactions and Equations Types of Reactions Predicting Products Activity Series Identifying Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Chemical Reactions and Equations Types of Reactions Predicting Products Activity Series Identifying Oxidation-Reduction Reactions Chemical Reactions and Equations Types of Reactions Predicting Products Activity Series Identifying Oxidation-Reduction Reactions A preview of things we will do Chemical Reactions are AWESOME! Characteristics

More information

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright 2004 by houghton Mifflin Company. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chapter 7 All rights reserved. 1 7.1 Predicting if a Rxn Will Occur When chemicals are mixed and one of these driving forces can

More information

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Aqueous solutions and their chemistry. Various types of reactions.

Chapter 4. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. Aqueous solutions and their chemistry. Various types of reactions. Chapter 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Dr. A. AlSaadi 1 Preview Aqueous solutions and their chemistry. Various types of reactions. Precipitation reactions. Acidbase reactions. Oxidationreduction reactions.

More information

Notes: Chemical Reactions. Diatomic elements: H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2 I Bring Clay For Our New Hut OR HOBrFINCl

Notes: Chemical Reactions. Diatomic elements: H 2, N 2, O 2, F 2, Cl 2, Br 2, I 2 I Bring Clay For Our New Hut OR HOBrFINCl Name Chemistry-PreAP Notes: Chemical Reactions Period Review: Some elements do not occur as single atoms when uncombined with other elements. They will bond with themselves, forming a molecule. In any

More information

Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions

Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions Chapter 5 Classification and Balancing of Chemical Reactions 5.1 Chemical Equations Chemical equations describe chemical reactions. - As words: hydrogen plus oxygen combine to form water - As a chemical

More information

Section 4: Aqueous Reactions

Section 4: Aqueous Reactions Section 4: Aqueous Reactions 1. Solution composition 2. Electrolytes and nonelectrolytes 3. Acids, bases, and salts 4. Neutralization ti reactions 5. Precipitation reactions 6. Oxidation/reduction reactions

More information

9/24/12. Chemistry Second Edition Julia Burdge. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

9/24/12. Chemistry Second Edition Julia Burdge. Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Chemistry Second Edition Julia Burdge 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions Copyright (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. 1 4 Reactions in Aqueous Solutions

More information

Chemistry 101 Chapter 4 STOICHIOMETRY

Chemistry 101 Chapter 4 STOICHIOMETRY STOICHIOMETRY Stoichiometry is the quantitative relationship between the reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation. Stoichiometry allows chemists to predict how much of a reactant is necessary

More information