京都大学臨界集合体実験装置での加速器駆動システムにおけるウラン - 鉛領域炉心の中性子特性に関する実験ベンチマーク

Transcription

1 ISSN KURNS-EKR- 1 京都大学臨界集合体実験装置での加速器駆動システムにおけるウラン - 鉛領域炉心の中性子特性に関する実験ベンチマーク Experimental Benchmarks of Neutron Characteristics on Uranium-Lead Zoned Core in Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly 編集 : 卞哲浩 山中正朗 Edited by : Cheol Ho Pyeon and Masao Yamanaka 京都大学複合原子力科学研究所 Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University

2 Preface These experimental benchmarks were contributed to the Coordinated Research Project (CRP) T33002 in the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), as entitled Accelerator Driven Systems (ADS) and Use of Low-Enriched Uranium in ADS, from 2016 to The main objective of these benchmarks is to contribute to research and development of neutronics on Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) cores in ADS through the experimental data with the use of differing external neutron (14 MeV neutrons generated by D-T reactions; spallation neutrons generated by 100 MeV protons and Pb-Bi target), carried out at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) A-core. Special thanks are due the KUCA and the fixed-filed alternative gradient (FFAG) accelerator staff for support and patience throughout a series of ADS experiments carried out at KUCA. June 2018 Cheol Ho Pyeon and Masao Yamanaka Keywords: ADS, KUCA, FFAG accelerator, 14 MeV neutrons, Spallation neutrons, U-Pb zoned core i

3 要旨 この実験ベンチマーク問題は 国際原子力機関 (IAEA) において 2016 年から 2019 年にかけて行われた国際共同研究プロジェクト T33002 加速器駆動システム (ADS) と ADS における低濃縮ウラニウムの利用 の一部として採択された 京都大学臨界集合体実験装置での加速器駆動システムにおけるウラン - 鉛領域炉心の中性子特性に関する実験ベンチマーク である この実験ベンチマーク問題は KUCA の A 架台において行われた 2 種類の異なる外部中性子源 ( コッククロフト ウォルトン加速器の DT 反応から 14 MeV 中性子 または FFAG 加速器と Pb-Bi ターゲットを組み合わせて得られる核破砕中性子 ) を用いた実験を通して ADS におけるウラン - 鉛領域炉心の中性子特性に関する基礎研究の発展に貢献することを目的としている 最後に KUCA において ADS 実験を準備および運転にご協力をいただいた KUCA および FFAG 加速器のスタッフに心から感謝の意を表します 卞哲浩 山中正朗 2018 年 6 月 ii

4 Contents Experimental Benchmarks of Neutron Characteristics on Uranium-Lead Zoned Core in Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly Phase I Study on Kinetics Parameters 2 1. Collaborative Work Specifications Introduction Experimental Settings Experimental Results References 6 Appendix-I Core Configuration ADS cores with 14 MeV Neutrons ADS cores with 100 MeV Protons Results of Experiments ADS with 14 MeV Neutrons ADS with 100 MeV Protons 72 Phase II Study on Reaction Rate Distributions 103 Appendix-II Result of Experiments Reaction Rate Distributions 106 iii

5 目次 京都大学臨界集合体実験装置での加速器駆動システムにおけるウラン - 鉛領域炉心の中性子特性に関する実験ベンチマーク Phase I 動特性パラメータ 2 1. 実験ベンチマーク はじめに 実験条件 実験結果 参考文献 6 付録 I 炉心構成 MeV 中性子を用いた ADS 炉心 MeV 陽子を用いた ADS 炉心 ADS 実験の結果 MeV 中性子を用いた ADS 炉心 MeV 陽子を用いた ADS 炉心 72 Phase II 反応率分布 103 付録 II ADS 実験の結果 反応率分布 106 iv

6 Experimental Benchmarks of Neutron Characteristics on Uranium-Lead Zoned Core in Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Critical Assembly Institute for Integrated for Radiation and Nuclear Science (former Research Reactor Institute), Kyoto University, Japan Cheol Ho Pyeon and Masao Yamanaka 1

7 Phase I Study on Kinetics Parameters 11 th June,

8 1. Collaborative Work Specifications 1-1. Introduction The accelerator-driven system (ADS) was developed for producing energy and for transmuting minor actinides and long-lived fission products. ADS has attracted worldwide attention in recent years because of its superior safety characteristics and potential for burning plutonium and nuclear waste. An outstanding advantage of its use is the anticipated absence of reactivity accidents, provided sufficient subcriticality is ensured. At the Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science (KURNS), Kyoto University (former the Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University: KURRI), a series of experiments on ADS was launched in fiscal year 2003 at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly (KUCA) [1]-[36]. A new accelerator was attached to the KUCA facility in March 2008, and the high-energy neutrons generated by the interaction of 100 MeV protons with tungsten target was injected into KUCA on March The new accelerator is called the fixed-field alternating gradient (FFAG) [37]-[38] accelerator of the synchrotron type developed by the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) in Japan. The experimental studies on ADS are being conducted for nuclear transmutation analyses with the combined use of KUCA and the FFAG accelerator. The ADS experiments [18]-[36] with 100 MeV protons obtained from the FFAG accelerator had been carried out to investigate the neutron characteristics of ADS, and the static and kinetic parameters were accurately analyzed through both the measurements and the Monte Carlo simulations of reactor physics parameters, including the reaction rates, the neutron spectrum, the neutron multiplication, the neutron decay constants and the subcriticality. In this study, special attention was given to neutron characteristics of the 235 U-lead (U-Pb) zoned core in ADS with differing external neutron source: 14 MeV neutrons; 100 MeV protons with lead-bismuth (Pb-Bi) target. In a series of ADS experiments at KUCA, kinetic parameters, including the prompt neutron decay constant ( ) and the subcriticality ( ) in dollar units, were mainly obtained by the pulsed neutron source (PNS) method, the Feynman- (Noise) method and the -fitting method with the use of BF 3 neutron detector, optical fiber detectors [39]-[40] and LiCaF detector [41]-[43]. Among two external neutron sources, the Pb-Bi target was notably consisted of a mixture ratio of 44.5% (Pb) and 55.5% (Bi). Then, the high-energy neutrons were generated by the injection of 100 MeV protons onto the Pb-Bi target. In addition to the kinetic parameters, reaction rate distributions were experimentally measured by the foil activation method for analyzing the k-source value in a subcritical state. The objective of this study was to investigate experimentally the neutron characteristics of U-Pb zoned core in ADS with differing external neutron source, and to evaluate the accuracy of stochastic and deterministic approaches with standard nuclear data libraries. 3

9 1-2. Experimental Settings Description of KUCA core KUCA comprises solid-moderated and -reflected type-a and -B cores, and a water-moderated and -reflected type-c core. In the present series of experiments, the solid-moderated and -reflected type-a core was combined with a Cockcroft-Walton type pulsed neutron generator and the FFAG accelerator at KUCA. The A-core (A(1/8 p60eueu(3)+1/8 Pb40p20EUEU)) configuration used for measuring the kinetic parameters and reaction rates is shown in Fig The core were composed of a combination of normal fuel F (1/8 p60eueu) and special fuel f (1/8 p10eueu<1/8 Pb40EUEU>1/8 p10eueu) assemblies that were loaded on the grid plate. The materials used in the critical assemblies were always in the form of rectangular parallelepipe, 2 sq. with thickness ranging between 1/16 and 2. The upper and lower parts of the fuel region were polyethylene reflector layers of more than 500 mm long, as shown in Fig The fuel rod, a highly-enriched uranium-aluminum (U-Al) alloy, consisted of 60 cells of polyethylene plate 1/8 thick, and a U-Al plate 1/16 thick and 2 sq. The functional height of the core was approximately 400 mm Description of FFAG accelerator 100 MeV protons generated from the FFAG accelerator were injected onto the Pb-Bi target. The main characteristics are under the following parameters: 100 MeV energy, 0.05 na intensity, 20 Hz pulsed frequency, 100 ns pulsed width and 25 mm diameter spot size at the target. The thickness of target was determined on the basis of previous analyses [19] in the reaction rates for the high-energy protons. A level of the neutron yield generated at the target was around /s by the injection of 100 MeV protons onto the Pb-Bi target. 4

10 1-3. Experimental Results Critical position and Excess reactivity The critical state was adjusted by maintaining the control rods in certain positions, and the excess reactivity was attained on the basis of its integral calibration curve obtained by the positive period method Time evolution data of PNS and Noise methods For 14 MeV neutrons and 100 MeV protons, to monitor carefully the prompt and delayed neutron behaviors, each core was set with four (or five) BF 3 detectors (1/2 and 1 diameters; 300 mm long) at the axial central position, three optical fibers and LiCaF detector, as shown in Fig Through the time evolution data of prompt and delayed neutrons, the prompt neutron decay constant was deduced by the Feynman- method and the -fitting method: the least-square fitting of the time evolution of the neutrons to an exponential function over the time optimal duration. Subcriticality was deduced by the extrapolated area ratio method on the basis of the prompt and delayed neutron behaviors Indium (In) reaction rate distribution Indium (In) wire 1.0 mm diameter and 800 mm long was set in the axial center position along (13-14, A-P) the vertical direction shown in Fig. 2-3 for measuring the reaction rate distribution. The experimental results of the In wire were obtained by measuring total counts of the peak energy of -ray emittance and normalized by the counts of irradiated In foil (10*10*1 mm) emitted from 115 In(n, n ) 115m In (threshold energy 0.3 MeV) reactions set at the location of the Pb-Bi target. 5

11 1-4. References ADS with 14 MeV Neutrons [1] C. H. Pyeon, Y. Hirano, T. Misawa, et al., Preliminary Experiments on Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor with Pulsed Neutron Generator in Kyoto University Critical Assembly, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 44, 1368 (2007). [2] C. H. Pyeon, M. Hervault, T. Misawa, et al., Static and Kinetic Experiments on Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactor with 14 MeV Neutrons in Kyoto University Critical Assembly, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 45, 1171 (2008). [3] C. H. Pyeon, H. Shiga, T. Misawa, et al., Reaction Rate Analyses for an Accelerator-Driven System with 14 MeV Neutrons in Kyoto University Critical Assembly, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 46, 965 (2009). [4] H. Shahbunder, C. H. Pyeon, T. Misawa and S. Shiroya, Experimental Analysis for Neutron Multiplication by using Reaction Rate Distribution in Accelerator-Driven System, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 37, 592 (2010). [5] H. Taninaka, K. Hashimoto, C. H. Pyeon, et al., Determination of Lambda-Mode Eigenvalue Separation of a Thermal Accelerator-Driven System from Pulsed Neutron Experiment, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 47, 376 (2010). [6] H. Shahbunder, C. H. Pyeon, T. Misawa, et al., Subcritical Multiplication Factor and Source Efficiency in Accelerator-Driven System, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 37, 1214 (2010). [7] H. Shahbunder, C. H. Pyeon, T. Misawa, et al., Effects of Neutron Spectrum and External Neutron Source on Neutron Multiplication Parameters in Accelerator-Driven System, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 37, 1785 (2010). [8] H. Taninaka, K. Hashimoto, C. H. Pyeon, et al., Determination of Subcritical Reactivity of a Thermal Accelerator-Driven System from Beam Trip and Restart Experiment, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 48, 873 (2011). [9] H. Taninaka, A. Miyoshi, K. Hashimoto, et al., Feynman- Analysis for a Thermal Subcritical Reactor System Driven by an Unstable 14MeV-Neutron Source, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 48, 1272 (2011). [10] C. H. Pyeon, Y. Takemoto, T. Yagi, et al., Accuracy of Reaction Rates in the Accelerator-Driven System with 14 MeV Neutrons at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 40, 229 (2012). [11] A. Sakon, K. Hashimoto, W. Sugiyama, et al., Power Spectral Analysis for a Thermal Subcritical Reactor System Driven by a Pulsed 14 MeV Neutron Source, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 50, 481 (2013). [12] A. Sakon, K. Hashimoto, M. A. Maarof, et al., Measurement of Large Negative Reactivity of an Accelerator-Driven System in the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 51, 116 (2014). [13] A. Sakon, K. Hashimoto, W. Sugiyama, et al., Determination of Prompt-Neutron Decay Constant from Phase Shift between Beam Current and Neutron Detection Signals for an 6

12 Accelerator-Driven System in the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 52, (2015). [14] W. K. Kim, H. C. Lee, C. H. Pyeon, et al., Monte Carlo Analysis of the Accelerator-Driven System at Kyoto University Research Reactor Institute, Nucl. Eng. Technol., 48, 304 (2016). [15] T. Endo, A. Yamamoto, T. Yagi and C. H. Pyeon, Statistical Error Estimation of the Feynman- Method using the Bootstrap Method, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 53, 1447 (2016). [16] W. F. G. Rooijen, T. Endo, G. Chiba and C. H. Pyeon, Analysis of the KUCA ADS Benchmarks with Diffusion Theory, Prog. Nucl. Energy, 101, 243 (2017). [17] C. D. Kong, J. W. Choe, S. P. Yum, et al., Application of Advanced Rossi-alpha Technique to Reactivity Measurements at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 118, 92 (2018). ADS with 100 MeV Protons [18] C. H. Pyeon, T. Misawa, J. Y. Lim et al., First Injection of Spallation Neutrons Generated by High-Energy Protons into the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 46, 1091 (2009). [19] C. H. Pyeon, H. Shiga, K. Abe, et al., Reaction Rate Analysis of Nuclear Spallation Reactions Generated by 150, 190 and 235 MeV Protons, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 47, 1090 (2010). [20] C. H. Pyeon, J. Y. Lim, Y. Takemoto, et al., Preliminary Study on the Thorium-Loaded Accelerator-Driven System with 100 MeV Protons at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 38, 2298 (2011). [21] J. Y. Lim, C. H. Pyeon, T. Yagi and T. Misawa, Subcritical Multiplication Parameters of the Accelerator-Driven System with 100 MeV Protons at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Sci. Technol. Nucl. Install., 2012, ID: , 9 pages, (2012). [22] Y. Takahashi, T. Azuma, T. Nishio, et al., Conceptual Design of Multi-Targets for Accelerator-Driven System Experiments with 100 MeV Protons, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 54, 162 (2013). [23] C. H. Pyeon, T. Azuma, Y. Takemoto, et al., Experimental Analyses of External Neutron Source Generated by 100 MeV Protons at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Nucl. Eng. Technol., 45, 81 (2013). [24] C. H. Pyeon, T. Yagi, K. Sukawa, et al., Mockup Experiments on the Thorium-Loaded Accelerator-Driven System in the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Nucl. Sci. Eng., 177, 156 (2014). [25] C. H. Pyeon, H. Nakano, M. Yamanaka, et al., Neutron Characteristics of Solid Targets in Accelerator-Driven System with 100 MeV Protons at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Nucl. Technol., 192, 181 (2015). [26] M. Yamanaka, C. H. Pyeon, T. Yagi and T. Misawa, Accuracy of Reactor Physics Parameters in Thorium-Loaded Accelerator-Driven System Experiments at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Nucl. Sci. Eng., 183, 96 (2016). [27] T. Endo, A. Yamamoto, T. Yagi and C. H. Pyeon, Statistical Error Estimation of the Feynman- 7

13 Method using the Bootstrap Method, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 53, 1447 (2016). [28] M. Yamanaka, C. H. Pyeon and T. Misawa, Monte Carlo Approach of Effective Delayed Neutron Fraction by k-ratio Method with External Neutron Source, Nucl. Sci. Eng., 184, 551 (2016). [29] S. Dulla, S. S. Hoh, G. Marana, et al., Analysis of KUCA Measurements by the Reactivity Monitoring MA TA Method, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 101, 397 (2017). [30] M. Yamanaka, C. H. Pyeon, S. H. Kim, et al., Effective Delayed Neutron Fraction in Accelerator-Driven System Experiments with 100 MeV Protons at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 54, 293 (2017). [31] H. Iwamoto, K. Nishihara, T. Yagi and C. H. Pyeon, On-line Subcriticality Measurement using A Pulsed Spallation Neutron Source, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 54, 432 (2017). [32] C. H. Pyeon, M. Yamanaka, T. Endo, et al., Experimental Benchmarks on Kinetic Parameters in Accelerator-Driven System with 100 MeV Protons at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Ann. Nucl. Energy, 105, 346 (2017). [33] C. H. Pyeon, M. Yamanaka, S. H. Kim, et al., Benchmarks of Subcriticality in Accelerator-Driven System Experiments at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, Nucl. Eng. Technol., 49, 1234 (2017). [34] A. Talamo, Y. Gohar, F. Gabrielli, et al., Coupling Sjostrand and Feynman Methods in Prompt Neutron Decay Constant Analyses, Prog. Nucl. Energy, 101, 299 (2017). [35] C. H. Pyeon, T. M. Vu, M. Yamanaka, et al., Reaction Rate Analyses of Accelerator-Driven System Experiments with 100 MeV Protons at Kyoto University Critical Assembly, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 55, 190 (2018). [36] T. Endo, G. Chiba, W. F. G. van Rooijen, et al., Experimental Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification using Random Sampling Technique for ADS Experiments at KUCA, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol., 55, 450 (2018). FFAG Accelerator (100 MeV Protons) [37] J. B. Lagrange, T. Planche, E. Yamakawa et al., Straight Scaling FFAG Beam Line, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 691, 55 (2013). [38] E. Yamakawa, T. Uesugi, J. B. Lagrange et al., Serpentine Acceleration in Zero-Chromatic FFAG Accelerators, Nucl. Instrum. Methods A, 716, 46 (2013). Optical Fiber and LiCaF Fiber Detectors [39] T. Yagi, T. Misawa, C. H. Pyeon et al., A Small High Sensitivity Neutron Detector using a Wavelength Shifting Fiber, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 69, 176 (2011). [40] T. Yagi, C. H. Pyeon and T. Misawa, Application of Wavelength Shifting Fiber to Subcriticality Measurements, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 72, 11 (2013). [41] K. Watanabe, Y. Kondo, A. Yamazaki et al., Study on Fast Luminescence Component Induced by Gamma-rays in Ce Doped LiCaAlF 6 Scintillators, Radiation Measurement, 71, 158 (2014). [42] K. Watanabe, Y. Kawabata, A. Yamazaki et al., Development of an Optical Fiber Type Detector 8

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15 Appendix-I F Normal fuel (1/8"p60EUEU) f Special fuel (1/8"Pb40p20EUEU) p Polyethylene moderator A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Polyethylene reflector B Gr Gr D Gr Gr FC#3 UIC#4 E Gr Gr G Gr BF-3 detector #1 LiCaf fiber Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #2 Gr I Gr p p p p p p p p p p Optical fiber #3 Gr J Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr UIC#5 FC#1 K Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p Optical p fiber #2 Gr L Gr p p p F f f f F p p Optical p fiber #1 Gr M Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr O Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p N Gr Q Gr p p p F F F F F p p BF-3 detector #3 Gr R Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#6 T Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr U Gr p p p p F F F p p p p Gr V Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr W Gr p p p p p p p p Gr FC#2 X Gr p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #4 Gr Y Gr Gr Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Z' Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr C S N FC UIC Graphite Aluminum sheath 1/2" BF-3 detector Optical fiber Control rod Safety rod Neutron source (Am-Be) Fission chamber UIC detector Tritumu target Deuterion beam Fig. 1-1 The general view of U-Pb zoned core configuration 1 diameter void Polyethylene 10

16 Polyethylene 596 mm Void between assemblies Aluminum sheath Fuel (60 cells ) 381 mm 1524 mm (60 ) Fuel mm (2 2 ) Internal void 51.3 mm 54.3 mm Polyethylene 547 mm 55.3 mm Fig. 1-2 Description of fuel assembly at KUCA Fuel plate Polyethylene plate Fig. 1-3 Description of fuel (HEU; 2 2 ) and polyethylene plates (2 2 ) 11

17 1/16 EU 2 (3.17 mm) Unit cell (6.35 mm: 1/4 ) 2 Gr (50.80 mm) + Void (43.50 mm) Poly. moderator (p) (10 )( mm) + Poly. reflector (PE) (1/ /4 ) ( mm) 60 times ( mm: 15.0 ) Poly. moderator (p) (10 )( mm) + Poly. reflector (PE) (1/ /4 ) ( mm) Al plate (20.00 mm) 2 Gr (50.80 mm) 1/8 p (3.17 mm) Reflector ( mm) (Lower) Fuel ( mm: 15.0 ) (Unit cell 60 times) Reflector ( mm) (Upper) (a) Fuel assembly F 1/16 EU 2 (3.17 mm) 10 times (63.50 mm) 1/8 Pb (3.17 mm) 1/16 EU 2 (3.17 mm) 10 times (63.50 mm) 2 Gr (50.80 mm) + Void (43.50 mm) Polyethylene (10 p+1/2 PE 17 +1/4 PE) ( mm) 40 times ( mm: 10.0 ) Polyethylene (10 p+1/2 PE 19 +1/4PE) ( mm) 20 mm Al plate 2 Gr (50.80 mm) 1/8 p (3.17 mm) 1/16 EU 2 (3.17 mm) 1/8 p (3.17 mm) Reflector ( mm) (Lower) Fuel ( mm) (Unit cell 60 times) Reflector ( mm) (Upper) (b) Fuel assembly f Polyethylene moderator (p) ( mm:10 p 5 + 1/2 PE 8) 2 Gr (50.80 mm) 2 Gr (50.80 mm) (c) Polyethylene moderator p 12

18 Polyethylene reflector (PE) ( mm:19 PE 2 + 1/2 PE 33) 2 Gr (50.80 mm) (d) Polyethylene reflector 2 Gr (50.80 mm) Graphite (Gr) ( mm: 2 Gr 29) (e) Graphite Gr Polyethylene (1/2 PE p 2) ( mm) Polyethylene ; 1 diam. hole (10 PE 3) ( mm) 20 mm Al plate 2 Gr (50.80 mm) Reflector ( mm) (Lower) Reflector ( mm) (Upper) (f) Polyethylene with 1 diameter hole Fig. 1-4 Fall sideways view of fuel and polyethylene rods shown in Fig

19 Void between assemblies Aluminum sheath Polyethylene (Aluminum) 1524 mm (60 ) Polyethylene (Aluminum) mm (2 2 ) Internal void 5.13 cm 5.43 cm 5.53 cm Fig. 1-5 Description of polyethylene reflector at KUCA Anhydrous Boron Void between assemblies Aluminum sheath Internal void 1470 mm Anhydrous Boron 1524 mm Aluminum sheath 33.8 mm 40.0 mm 45.0 mm 50.0 mm 55.3 mm Fig. 1-6 Description of control (safety) rod at KUCA 14

20 Polyethylene 50.8 mm Polyethylene 50.8 mm Polyethylene 50.8 mm Polyethylene 50.8 mm 1 mm gap Fuel 50.8 mm Fuel 50.8 mm Fuel 50.8 mm 3 mm gap Fuel 50.8 mm Fuel 50.8 mm Fuel 50.8 mm Polyethylene 50.8 mm FC#3 UIC#4 1 mm gap 3 mm gap 1 mm gap FC#2 C3 F F F F F S5 FC#1 F F F F F S4 F F F F F C1 UIC#5 F F F F F C2 F S6 N Fig. 1-7 Description of fuel assembly, polyethylene reflector and control rod at KUCA Indium (In) wire Internal void Aluminum sheath Target 1.0 mm 2.0 mm 2.2 mm Fuel assembly base Fig. 1-8 Setting of Indium (In) wire 15

21 Control or safety rod Fe Al 20 mm 35 mm B 2 O mm Measured rod length Actual rod length Al 5 mm Shock absorber 98.0 mm Fuel assembly base Fig. 1-9 Actual position of control (safety) rod (Actual position = Measured position 97.5 mm) Al foil (10*10*1 mm) Pb-Bi target (50 mm diam., 18 mm thick) In foil (10*10*1 mm) 1524 mm 700 mm (15, D) (15, D) Fig Attachment of target, Al and In foils at the location of core target 16

22 25 mm Location of T-3 target T-3 target D+ injection In wire position Target: 735 mm Fuel assembly base 55.3*13 mm = mm Fig Side view of target and core configuration with 14 MeV neutrons 75 mm mm (15, D) Location of original target Pb-Bi target 100 MeV proton injection In wire position Target: 700 mm Fuel assembly base 55.3*13 mm = mm Fig Side view of target and core configuration with 100 MeV protons 17

23 80 mm 3 mm 48 mm 100 mm 3 mm 50 mm Proton beams (25 mm diameter) Enlarged (flange; Original target location) 1 mm 3 mm 10 mm 50 mm 10 mm 50 mm Fig Target configuration of the location of original target 18

24 Table 1-1 Atomic density of 1/16 thick highly-enriched uranium (HEU) fuel plate (U-Al alloy) Isotope Atomic density [ /cm 3 ] 234 U E U E U E U E-05 Al E-02 Table 1-2 Atomic density of polyethylene (p) moderator Isotope Atomic density [ /cm 3 ] 1/8 thick plate 10 long rod 1 H E E C E E-02 Table 1-3 Atomic density of polyethylene (PE) reflector Isotope Atomic density [ /cm 3 ] 1/2 thick plate 1/4 thick plate 1/8 thick plate H E E E-02 C E E E-02 19

25 Table 1-4 Atomic density of control and safety rods Isotope Atomic density [ /cm 3 ] 10 B E B E O E-02 Table 1-5 Atomic density of aluminum sheath for the core element Isotope Atomic density [ /cm 3 ] Al E-02 Table 1-6 Atomic density of Cd, In and Au Foil (wire) Isotope Abundance (%) Purity (%) Atomic density [ /cm 3 ] In Au 113 In E In E Au E-02 20

26 Table 1-7 Atomic density of Pb-Bi target Target Isotope Abundance (%) Atomic density [ /cm 3 ] 204 Pb E Pb E-03 Pb-Bi (44.5/55.5) 207 Pb E Pb E Bi E-02 Table 1-8 Dimension of target Target Diameter [mm] Thickness [mm] Pb-Bi

27 Table 1-9 Atomic density of beam tube component (SUS304) shown in Fig Isotope Atomic density [ /cm 3 ] 54 Fe E Fe E Fe E Fe E Cr E Cr E Cr E Cr E Ni E Ni E Ni E Ni E Ni E-05 22

28 2. Core Configuration 2.1 ADS cores with 14 MeV Neutrons F Normal fuel (1/8"p60EUEU) f Special fuel (1/8"Pb40p20EUEU) p Polyethylene moderator A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Polyethylene reflector B Gr Gr D Gr Gr FC#3 UIC#4 E Gr Gr G Gr BF-3 detector #1 LiCaf fiber Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #2 Gr I Gr p p p p p p p p p p Optical fiber #3 Gr J Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr UIC#5 FC#1 K Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p Optical p fiber #2 Gr L Gr p p p F f f f F p p Optical p fiber #1 Gr M Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr O Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p N Gr Q Gr p p p F F F F F p p BF-3 detector #3 Gr R Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#6 T Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr U Gr p p p p F F F p p p p Gr V Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr W Gr p p p p p p p p Gr FC#2 X Gr p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #4 Gr Y Gr Gr Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Z' Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr C S N FC UIC Graphite Aluminum sheath 1/2" BF-3 detector Optical fiber Control rod Safety rod Neutron source (Am-Be) Fission chamber UIC detector Tritumu target Deuterion beam Fig. 2-1 U-Pb zoned core configuration of ADS with 14 MeV neutrons 23

29 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr D Gr Gr FC#3 UIC#4 E Gr Gr G Gr BF-3 detector #1 LiCaf fiber Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #2 Gr I Gr p p p p p p p p p p Optical fiber #3 Gr J Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr UIC#5 FC#1 K Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p Optical p fiber #2 Gr L Gr p p p F f f f F p p Optical p fiber #1 Gr M Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr O Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p N Gr Q Gr p p p F F F F F p p BF-3 detector #3 Gr R Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#6 T Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr U Gr p p p p F F F p p p p Gr V Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr W Gr p p p p p p p p Gr X Gr FC#2 p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #4 Gr Y Gr Gr Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Z' Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (a) Case D1 (Reference core; Number of fuel plates: 4560) 24

30 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr D Gr Gr FC#3 UIC#4 E Gr Gr G Gr BF-3 detector #1 Optical fiber #1 Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #2 Gr I Gr p p p p p p p p p p Optical fiber #3 Gr J Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr UIC#5 FC#1 K Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p Optical p fiber #2 Gr L Gr p p p F f f f F p p LiCaF p fiber Gr M Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr O Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p N Gr Q Gr p p p F F F F F p p BF-3 detector #3 Gr R Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#6 T Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr U Gr p p p p F p F p p p p Gr V Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr W Gr p p p p p p p p Gr X Gr FC#2 p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #4 Gr Y Gr Gr Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Z' Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (b) Case D2 (Number of fuel plates: 4400) Note: Change of location of detectors (comparing Case I with Case II, III, IV, V and VI) Optical fiber #1: (15-16, L- M) ---> (18-19, I-J) LiCaF fiber: (18-19, I-J) ---> (15-16, L-M) 25

31 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr D Gr Gr FC#3 UIC#4 E Gr Gr G Gr BF-3 detector #1 Optical fiber #1 Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #2 Gr I Gr p p p p p p p p p p Optical fiber #3 Gr J Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr UIC#5 FC#1 K Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p Optical p fiber #2 Gr L Gr p p p F f f f F p plicaf p fiber Gr M Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr O Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p N Gr Q Gr p p p F F F F F p p BF-3 detector #3 Gr R Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#6 T Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr U Gr p p p p p F p p p p p Gr V Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr W Gr p p p p p p p p Gr X Gr FC#2 p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #4 Gr Y Gr Gr Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Z' Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (c) Case D3 (Number of fuel plates: 4320) 26

32 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr D Gr Gr FC#3 UIC#4 E Gr Gr G Gr BF-3 detector #1 Optical fiber #1 Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #2 Gr I Gr p p p p p p p p p p Optical fiber #3 Gr J Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr UIC#5 FC#1 K Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p Optical p fiber #2 Gr L Gr p p p F f f f F p p LiCaF p fiber Gr M Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr O Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p N Gr Q Gr p p p F F F F F p p BF-3 detector #3 Gr R Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#6 T Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr W Gr p p p p p p p p Gr X Gr FC#2 p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #4 Gr Y Gr Gr Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Z' Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (d) Case D4 (Number of fuel plates: 4200) 27

33 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr D Gr Gr FC#3 UIC#4 E Gr Gr G Gr BF-3 detector #1 Optical fiber #1 Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #2 Gr I Gr p p p p p p p p p p Optical fiber #3 Gr J Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr UIC#5 FC#1 K Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p Optical p fiber #2 Gr L Gr p p p F f f f F p p LiCaF p fiber Gr M Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr O Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p N Gr Q Gr p p p F F F F F p p BF-3 detector #3 Gr R Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#6 T Gr p p C2 F F p F F S6 p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr W Gr p p p p p p p p Gr X Gr FC#2 p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #4 Gr Y Gr Gr Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Z' Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (e) Case D5 (Number of fuel plates: 4080) 28

34 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr D Gr Gr FC#3 UIC#4 E Gr Gr G Gr BF-3 detector #1 Optical fiber #1 Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #2 Gr I Gr p p p p p p p p p p Optical fiber #3 Gr J Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr UIC#5 FC#1 K Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p Optical p fiber #2 Gr L Gr p p p F f f f F p p LiCaF p fiber Gr M Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr O Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p N Gr Q Gr p p p F F F F F p p BF-3 detector #3 Gr R Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#6 T Gr p p C2 F p p p F S6 p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr W Gr p p p p p p p p Gr X Gr FC#2 p p p p p p p p BF-3 detector #4 Gr Y Gr Gr Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Z' Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (f) Case D6 (Number of fuel plates: 3840) Fig. 2-2 Subcritical core configurations of ADS with 14 MeV neutrons 29

35 2.2 ADS cores with 100 MeV Protons (with Pb-Bi target) A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr Gr Gr D Gr Gr Gr Gr UIC#6 BF-3 detector #4 E Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr G Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr I Gr p p p p F F F p p p p Gr J Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p p Gr K Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#5 L Gr p p p F F F F F p p p N Gr M Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p Gr O Gr BF-3 detector #3 p p p F f f f F p p p Gr LiCaF fiber Optical fiber #1 P Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr Q Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr FC#3 R Gr p p p p p Optical p pfiber #2 p p p p Gr FC#1 T Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr BF-3 detector #2 Gr W Gr Gr BF-3 detector #1 FC#2 UIC#4 X Gr Gr Y Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr F f p Gr C S Normal fuel (1/8"p60EUEU) Special fuel (1/8"Pb40p20EUEU) Polyethylene moderator Polyethylene reflector Graphite Aluminum sheath 1/2" BF-3 detector Optical fiber Control rod Safety rod N Neutron source (Am-Be) FC Fission chamber UIC UIC detector Pb-Bi target Fig. 2-3 U-Pb zoned core configuration of ADS with 100 MeV protons 30

36 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr Gr Gr D Gr Gr Gr Gr UIC#6 BF-3 detector #4 E Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr G Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr Optical fiber #3 I Gr p p p p F F F p p p p Gr J Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p p Gr K Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#5 L Gr p p p F F F F F p p p N Gr M Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p Gr O Gr BF-3 detector #3 p p p F f f f F p p p Gr LiCaF fiber Optical fiber #1 P Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr Q Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr FC#3 R Gr p p p p p Optical p pfiber #2 p p p p Gr FC#1 T Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr BF-3 detector #2 Gr W Gr Gr BF-3 detector #1 FC#2 UIC#4 X Gr Gr Y Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (a) Case F1 (Reference core; Number of fuel plates: 4560) 31

37 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr Gr Gr D Gr Gr Gr Gr UIC#6 BF-3 detector #4 E Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr G Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr Optical fiber #3 I Gr p p p p F p F p p p p Gr J Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p p Gr K Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#5 L Gr p p p F F F F F p p p N Gr M Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p Gr O Gr BF-3 detector #3 p p p F f f f F p p p Gr LiCaf fiber Optical fiber #1 P Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr Q Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr FC#3 R Gr p p p p p Optical p pfiber #2 p p p p Gr FC#1 T Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr BF-3 detector #2 Gr W Gr Gr BF-3 detector #1 FC#2 UIC#4 X Gr Gr Y Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (b) Case F2 (Number of fuel plates: 4440) 32

38 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr Gr Gr D Gr Gr Gr Gr UIC#6 BF-3 detector #4 E Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr G Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr Optical fiber #3 I Gr p p p p p F p p p p p Gr J Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p p Gr K Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#5 L Gr p p p F F F F F p p p N Gr M Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p Gr O Gr BF-3 detector #3 p p p F f f f F p p p Gr LiCaf fiber Optical fiber #1 P Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr Q Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr FC#3 R Gr p p p p p Optical p pfiber #2 p p p p Gr FC#1 T Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr BF-3 detector #2 Gr W Gr Gr BF-3 detector #1 FC#2 UIC#4 X Gr Gr Y Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (c) Case F3 (Number of fuel plates: 4320) 33

39 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr Gr Gr D Gr Gr Gr Gr UIC#6 BF-3 detector #4 E Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr G Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr Optical fiber #3 I Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr J Gr p p C3 F F F F F S5 p p Gr K Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#5 L Gr p p p F F F F F p p p N Gr M Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p Gr O Gr BF-3 detector #3 p p p F f f f F p p p Gr LiCaf fiber Optical fiber #1 P Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr Q Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr FC#3 R Gr p p p p p Optical p pfiber #2 p p p p Gr FC#1 T Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr BF-3 detector #2 Gr W Gr Gr BF-3 detector #1 FC#2 UIC#4 X Gr Gr Y Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (d) Case F4 (Number of fuel plates: 4200) 34

40 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr Gr Gr D Gr Gr Gr Gr UIC#6 BF-3 detector #4 E Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr G Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr Optical fiber #3 I Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr J Gr p p C3 F F p F F S5 p p Gr K Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#5 L Gr p p p F F F F F p p p N Gr M Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p Gr O Gr BF-3 detector #3 p p p F f f f F p p p Gr LiCaf fiber Optical fiber #1 P Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr Q Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr FC#3 R Gr p p p p p Optical p pfiber #2 p p p p Gr FC#1 T Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr BF-3 detector #2 Gr W Gr Gr BF-3 detector #1 FC#2 UIC#4 X Gr Gr Y Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (e) Case F5 (Number of fuel plates: 4080) 35

41 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr Gr Gr D Gr Gr Gr Gr UIC#6 BF-3 detector #4 E Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr G Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr Optical fiber #3 I Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr J Gr p p C3 F p F p F S5 p p Gr K Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#5 L Gr p p p F F F F F p p p N Gr M Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p Gr O Gr BF-3 detector #3 p p p F f f f F p p p Gr LiCaf fiber Optical fiber #1 P Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr Q Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr FC#3 R Gr p p p p p Optical p pfiber #2 p p p p Gr FC#1 T Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr BF-3 detector #2 Gr W Gr Gr BF-3 detector #1 FC#2 UIC#4 X Gr Gr Y Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (f) Case F6 (Number of fuel plates: 3960) 36

42 A Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr B Gr Gr Gr Gr D Gr Gr Gr Gr UIC#6 BF-3 detector #4 E Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr G Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr H Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr Optical fiber #3 I Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr J Gr p p C3 F p p p F S5 p p Gr K Gr p p p F F F F F p p p Gr UIC#5 L Gr p p p F F F F F p p p N Gr M Gr p p S4 F f f f F C1 p p Gr O Gr BF-3 detector #3 p p p F f f f F p p p Gr LiCaf fiber Optical fiber #1 P Gr p p p F f f f F p p p Gr Q Gr p p C2 F F F F F S6 p p Gr FC#3 R Gr p p p p p Optical p pfiber #2 p p p p Gr FC#1 T Gr p p p p p p p p p p p Gr U Gr p p p p p p p p p Gr V Gr BF-3 detector #2 Gr W Gr Gr BF-3 detector #1 FC#2 UIC#4 X Gr Gr Y Gr Gr Z Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr Gr (g) Case F7 (Number of fuel plates: 3840) Fig. 2-4 Subcritical core configurations of ADS with 100 MeV protons 37

43 3. Results of Experiments 3-1. ADS with 14 MeV Neutrons Core condition at critical state (Fig. 2-1) Table Control rod positions at critical state in reference core (# of HEU plates: 4560; Case D1) Rod Rod position [mm] C C C S S S Excess reactivity [pcm] 80 ± 2 Table Control rod (reactivity) worth Rod Rod worth [pcm] C1 (S4) 902 ± 27 C2 (S6) 696 ± 21 C3 (S5) 232 ± 7 Table Kinetic parameters by MCNP6.1 with JENDL-4.0 eff 853 ± 3 [pcm] (3.24 ± 0.03) 10-5 [s] 38

44 Case D1 (# of fuel plates: 4560 in Fig. 2-2(a)) Table Core condition in Case D1-1 to Case D1-5 (# of fuel plates: 4560) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff D D D D D Table Beam characteristics of 14 MeV neutrons in Case D1-1 to Case D1-5 Case Frequency [Hz] Width [ s] Current [ma] D D D D D

45 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D1-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

46 (a) PNS histogram in Case D1-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D1-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D1-1 41

47 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D1-2 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

48 (a) PNS histogram in Case D1-2 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D1-2 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D1-2 43

49 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D1-3 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ±0.340 Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± LiCaF (Ch#7) ± ± ±

50 (a) PNS histogram in Case D1-3 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D1-3 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D1-3 45

51 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D1-4 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± ± LiCaF (Ch#7) ± ± ±

52 (a) PNS histogram in Case D1-4 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D1-4 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D1-4 47

53 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D1-5 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± ± LiCaF (Ch#7)

54 (a) PNS histogram in Case D1-5 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D1-5 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D1-5 49

55 Case D2 (# of fuel plates: 4400 in Fig. 2-2(b)) Table Core condition in Case D2-1 to Case D2-3 (# of fuel plates: 4400) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff D D D Table Beam characteristics of 14 MeV neutrons in Case D2-1 to Case D2-3 Case Frequency [Hz] Width [ s] Current [ma] D D D Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D2-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

56 (a) PNS histogram in Case D2-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D2-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D2-1 51

57 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D2-2 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

58 (a) PNS histogram in Case D2-2 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D2-2 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D2-2 53

59 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D2-3 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

60 (a) PNS histogram in Case D2-3 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D2-3 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D2-3 55

61 Case D3 (# of fuel plates: 4320 in Fig. 2-2(c)) Table Core condition in Case D3-1 (# of fuel plates: 4320) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff D Table Beam characteristics of 14 MeV neutrons in Case D3-1 Case Frequency [Hz] Width [ s] Current [ma] D Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D3-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± LiCaF (Ch#7)

62 (a) PNS histogram in Case D3-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D3-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D3-1 57

63 Case D4 (# of fuel plates: 4200 in Fig. 2-2(d)) Table Core condition in Case D4-1 (# of fuel plates: 4200) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff D Table Beam characteristics of 14 MeV neutrons in Case D4-1 and Case D4-2 Case Frequency [Hz] Width [ s] Current [ma] D Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D4-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) LiCaF (Ch#7)

64 (a) PNS histogram in Case D4-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D4-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D4-1 59

65 Case D5 (# of fuel plates: 4080 in Fig. 2-2(e)) Table Core condition in Case D5-1 to Case D5-3 (# of fuel plates: 4080) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff D D D Table Beam characteristics of 14 MeV neutrons in Case D5-1 to Case D5-3 Case Frequency [Hz] Width [ s] Current [ma] D D D Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D5-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

66 (a) PNS histogram in Case D5-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D5-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D5-1 61

67 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D5-2 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

68 (a) PNS histogram in Case D5-2 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D5-2 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D5-2 63

69 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D5-3. [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

70 (a) PNS histogram in Case D5-3 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D5-3 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D5-3 65

71 Case D6 (# of fuel plates: 3840 in Fig. 2-2(f)) Table Core condition in Case D6-1 to Case D6-3 (# of fuel plates: 3840) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff D D D Table Beam characteristics of 14 MeV neutrons in Case D6-1 to Case D6-3 Case Frequency [Hz] Width [ s] Current [ma] D D D Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D6-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

72 (a) PNS histogram in Case D6-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D6-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D6-1 67

73 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D6-2 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

74 (a) PNS histogram in Case D6-2 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D6-2 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D6-2 69

75 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case D6-3 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) ± Fiber #2 (Ch#6) ± Fiber #3 (Ch#7)

76 (a) PNS histogram in Case D6-3 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case D6-3 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case D6-3 71

77 3-2. ADS with 100 MeV Protons Core condition at critical state (Fig. 2-3) Table Control rod positions at the critical state in reference core (# of HEU plates: 4560; Case F1) Rod Rod position [mm] C C C S S S Excess reactivity [pcm] 37 ± 1 Table Control rod worth Rod Rod worth [pcm] C1 (S4) 902 ± 27 C2 (S6) 696 ± 21 C3 (S5) 232 ± 7 72

78 Table Kinetic parameters by MCNP6.1 with JENDL-4.0 eff 853 ± 3 [pcm] (3.24 ± 0.03) 10-5 [s] Table Proton beam characteristics obtained from FFAG accelerator Energy [MeV] Frequency [Hz] Repetition [ns] Current [na]

79 Case F1 (# of fuel plates: 4560 in Fig. 2-4(a)) Table Core condition in Case F1-1 to Case F1-6 (# of fuel plates: 4560) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff F F F F F F

80 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F1-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #5 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #1 (Ch#5) ± ± ± ±

81 (a) PNS histogram in Case F1-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F1-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F1-1 76

82 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F1-2 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #5 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #1 (Ch#5) ± ± ± ±

83 (a) PNS histogram in Case F1-2 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F1-2 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F1-2 78

84 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F1-3 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #5 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #1 (Ch#5) ± ± ± ±

85 (a) PNS histogram in Case F1-3 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F1-3 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F1-3 80

86 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F1-4 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) Fiber #3 (Ch#7) ± ± ± ±

87 (a) PNS histogram in Case F1-4 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F1-4 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F1-4 82

88 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F1-5 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ±0.006 Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) Fiber #3 (Ch#7) ± ± ± ±

89 (a) PNS histogram in Case F1-5 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F1-5 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F1-5 84

90 Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F1-6 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#5) Fiber #2 (Ch#6) Fiber #3 (Ch#7) ± ± ± ±

91 (a) PNS histogram in Case F1-6 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F1-6 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F1-6 86

92 Case F2 (# of fuel plates: 4440 in Fig. 2-4(b)) Table Core condition in Case F2-1 (# of fuel plates: 4440) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff F Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F2-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± LiCaF (Ch#5) ± ± ± ± Fiber #1 (Ch#6) ± ± Fiber #2 (Ch#7) ± ±

93 (a) PNS histogram in Case F2-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F2-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F2-1 88

94 Case F3 (# of fuel plates: 4320 in Fig. 2-4(c)) Table Core condition in Case F3-1 (# of fuel plates: 4320) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff F Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F3-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± LiCaF (Ch#5) ± ± ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#6) ± ± ± ± Fiber #2 (Ch#7) ± ±

95 (a) PNS histogram in Case F3-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F3-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F3-1 90

96 Case F4 (# of fuel plates: 4200 in Fig. 2-4(d)) Table Core condition in Case F4-1 and F4-2 (# of fuel plates: 4200) Case C1 C2 C3 S4 S5 S6 k eff F F Table Measured results of [1/s] and [$] in Case F4-1 [1/s] [$] Detector Feynman- -fitting Area (Sjostrand) Area (Gozani) BF-3 #1 (Ch#1) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #2 (Ch#2) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #3 (Ch#3) ± ± ± ± BF-3 #4 (Ch#4) ± ± ± ± LiCaF (Ch#5) ± ± ± ± Fiber #3 (Ch#6) ± ± ± ± Fiber #2 (Ch#7) ± ±

97 (a) PNS histogram in Case F4-1 (b) Y-value distribution by Feynman-α method in Case F4-1 Fig Experimental resutls by PNS and Noise methods in Case F4-1 92