Seismogenic structure of 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung (M GR =7.1) earthquake, Miaoli, western Taiwan 1935 (M GR =7.1)
|
|
- Dylan Francis
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Seismogenic structure of 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung (M GR =7.1) earthquake, Miaoli, western Taiwan 1935 (M GR =7.1) Y.N. Nina Lin; Y.G. Chen; Y.M. Wu (Inst. of Geosciences, NTU); K.M. Yang (Exploration and Development Res. Inst., CPC); Yoko Ota (Yokohama Nat l Univ., Japan) Abstract A large earthquake (M GR 7.1) took place in Miaoli on April 21, 1935 and caused severe damage in surrounding area. The associated surface ruptures daylighted the Tuntzuchiao Fault, trending NE between the Tachia and Taan River, and the Chihhu Fault, a back thrust trending N-S in the Shihtan area. In this study, we try to clarify the structural geometry and further identify the seismogenic structure for this event. The fold-and-thrust belt in Miaoli region is characterized by three major styles of structural interactions of thrusts and folds: the reactivated pre-existing normal faults, the low angle thrust cutting through the shallow strata, and the regional décollement at the base of the sedimentary strata in depth (Yang et al., 1994). The hypocenter of the 1935 mainshock is located right beneath the middle reach of the Taan River. By subsurface geology, we consider that the reactivation of the pre-existing normal fault preserved in the footwall of the Sanyi Fault (low angle thrust faulting, Figs. 1 & 2) may be the seismogenic structure of this earthquake. It currently performs strike-slip in character and extends to the ground surface as the Tuntzuchiao Fault in the south. This reactivated system may have disturbed the strata in the hanging wall of the Sanyi Fault. Structurally, the northern surface rupture, the Chihhu Fault, is a back thrust, which may also be related to the reactivation of the pre-existing normal fault or transfer fault beneath. As we know, preexisting normal fault beneath the décollement is usually a jog to bring about a ramp. In association with a décollement ramp a wedge back thrust will be occasionally developed, such as the case of the Chihhu fault. After the mainshock took place on the MNF, stress might have been transferred northward, triggering the Chihhu wedge back thrust to move.
2 Introduction On April 21, 1935, a large earthquake with M GR 7.1 (Gutenberg & Richter, 1949; Richter, 1958) took place in Miaoli area (Fig. 1). The epicenter of the mainshock was located to 24.30ºN, ºE (the middle reach of the Taan River) with a focal depth of 3 km. A strike-slip focal mechanism was determined from first P polarities (Cheng, 1995). Twelve seconds later, a M L 6.0 aftershock (Lin, 1987) took place approximately 40 km to the north of the mainshock. It was located at 24.70ºN, ºE with a focal depth of 9 km (Cheng, 1995). Two surface ruptures were reported: the Tuntzuchiao Fault (with strike N67ºE, dip 80ºE, and rake 0º) in the south and the Chihhu Fault (with strike N23ºE, dip 50ºW, and rake 90º) in the north of the mainshock epicenter (Sheu et al., 1982). A number of studies have been done on this event (CWB, 1985; Huang, 1992); however, the question of seismogenic structure remains unsolved. In general, a large earthquake is caused by a major fault. In 1935, two separate faults were found with different attitudes and fault plane solutions; thus, it is interesting to understand its seismogenic structure. In this study, we investigate geological data published by Chinese Petroleum Company and integrate other literatures to determine the subsurface structure of the source area and to give a kinematical answer for the question above. The Tuntzuchiao Fault Judging the published pre-existing normal and transfer faults in this region (Fig. 1), the mainshock epicenter is located at the abrupt bend of the southern segment of the main normal fault (MNF). Here the strike of the MNF turns from N60ºE to N25ºE with direction change about 35º. It can be further extended southwestward and upward to the Tuntzuchiao Fault. Figure 2 shows 3-D geometry of the top surface of Talu Formation and the Sanyi Fault plane. Since the epicenter is located right on the bend of southern segment of the MNF, we suggest that this bend is a geometric singularity as an asperity to generate earthquakes.
3 The Chihhu Fault In previous studies, the Chihhu Fault is determined as a back thrust dipping to the west with fault width 10~11 km by using leveling and triangulation data (Shue, 1982; Huang, 1992). Using finite-element method, Huang (1992) further modeled the fault plane as a downward-curved surface with dips continuously decreasing from 55º to 30º downward from shallow depth. Based on these results, we proposed a conceptual cross-section to illustrate the subsurface geometry of the fault plane (Fig. 3). Therein, the Chihhu Fault is a wedge back thrust developed above a décollement ramp. This ramp may be formed due to a pre-existing structure. After the mainshock took place in 1935, stress might have been transferred northward and triggered the Chihhu Fault to move. Conclusions After integrating subsurface geologic data and some published results, we reach these two following conclusions: 1. The seismogenic structure of 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung earthquake may be attributed to the action of the reactivated pre-existing normal fault beneath the Sanyi Fault plane. The abrupt bend of the southern segment of this main normal fault (MNF) forms a geometric singularity and causes earthquake to happen. The Tuntzuchiao Fault is the southwestern ground surface extension of this MNF. 2. We interpret the Chihhu Fault as a wedge back thrust with a ramp developed along a pre-existing structure. During 1935 Hisnchu-Taichung earthquake, stress might have been transferred northward from the mainshock and triggered the Chihhu Fault to move.
4 References CWB (1985) The Symposium of the 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung Earthquake. (in Chinese) Taipei, Central Weather Bureau 232p. CPC (1994) Geological map of Miaoli (1:100,000). Taipei, Chinese Petroleum Company. Cheng, S.N. (1995) The study of stress distribution in and around Taiwan. (in Chinese) Ph. D. Thesis, National Central University, 215p. Huang, B.S. and Yeh, Y.T. (1992) Source geometry and slip distribution of the April 21, 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung, Taiwan earthquake. Tectonophysics 210, Hung, J.H. and Wiltschko, D.V. (1993) Structure and kinematics of arcuate thrust faults in the Miaoli-Cholan area of Western Taiwan. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan 28, Hung, J.H. (1994) Analysis of deformation fabrics in the Sanyi thrust sheet and the Chuhuangkeng anticline of western Taiwan. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan 29, Lin, D.H. (1987) Mechanism of the Hsinchu-Taichung, Taiwan, earthquake of (in Chinese) M.S. Thesis, National Central University, 88p. Sheu, H.C., Kosuga, M., and Sato, H. (1982) Mechanism and fault model of the Hsinchu-Taichung (Taiwan) earthquake of (in Japanese) Zisin, Ser. II, Vol. 35, Yang, K.M., Wu, J.C., Ting, H.H., Wang, J.B., Chi, W.R., and Kuo, C.L. (1994) Sequential deformation in foothills belt, Hsinchu and Miaoli areas: implications in hydrocarbon accumulation. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan 29, Yang, K.M., Ting, H.H., Wu, J.C., and W.R. (1997) Geological model for complex structures and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration in northwestern Taiwan. Petroleum Geology of Taiwan 31, Yang, K.M., Wu, J.C., Ting, H.H., Mei, W.W., Tsai, C.T., and Yeh, M.G. (2001) Subsurface geometry of the San-I thrust system, northwestern Taiwan. Symposium of the 2001 Annual Meeting, The Geological Society of China,
5 Figure 1. The tectonic and geomorphic map of the study area. Orange and blue lines: main geologic structures in this area (CPC, 1994). Black lines: the published pre-existing normal faults and transfer faults (Yang et al., 1997; 2001). Yellow line: the main normal fault (MNF). See text for details.
6 Figure 2. The 3-D model of the Sanyi Fault plane and the top surface of Talu Formation. Original data are from Yang et al. (2001). The solid yellow lines represents the MNF while the dashed part means covered by the Sanyi Fault plane. Figure 3. The conceptual model of the reactivated structure, the relative ramp and the wedge back thrust (modified from Hung, 1994). See Fig. 1 for location of the cross-section.
A seismogenic structure-complex revealed by the 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung
A seismogenic structure-complex revealed by the 1935 Hsinchu-Taichung Earthquake, Taiwan Yu-Nung Nina Lin 1 Yue-Gau Chen 1 Kenn-Ming Yang 2 Yih-Min Wu 1 Chin-Shyong Hou 3 J. Bruce H. Shyu 1,4 Yoko Ota
More informationChapter 2. Earthquake and Damage
EDM Report on the Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake of September 21, 1999 2.1 Earthquake Fault 2.1.1 Tectonic Background The island of Taiwan is located in the complex junction where the Eurasian and Philippine
More informationCoseismic displacement, bilateral rupture, and structural characteristics at the southern end of the 1999 Chi Chi earthquake rupture, central Taiwan
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 116,, doi:10.1029/2010jb007760, 2011 Coseismic displacement, bilateral rupture, and structural characteristics at the southern end of the 1999 Chi Chi earthquake rupture,
More informationInvestigating the TCDP Drill Site Using Deep and Shallow Reflection Seismics
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 18, No. 2, 129-141, June 2007 Investigating the TCDP Drill Site Using Deep and Shallow Reflection Seismics Chien-Ying Wang 1, *, Chien-Li Lee 1, Ming-Chiun Wu 1, 3, and Mang-Long
More informationThrust-related river terrace development in relation to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake rupture, Western Foothills, central Taiwan
Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 21 (2003) 473 480 www.elsevier.com/locate/jseaes Thrust-related river terrace development in relation to the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake rupture, Western Foothills, central
More informationJOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115, B03419, doi: /2009jb006397, 2010
Click Here for Full Article JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 115,, doi:10.1029/2009jb006397, 2010 Revealing coseismic displacements and the deformation zones of the 1999 Chi Chi earthquake in the
More informationEarthquake Doublet Sequences: Evidence of Static Triggering in the Strong Convergent Zones of Taiwan
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 6, 589-594, December 2008 doi: 10.3319/TAO.2008.19.6.589(PT) Earthquake Doublet Sequences: Evidence of Static Triggering in the Strong Convergent Zones of Taiwan
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF DIRECTIVITY EFFECTS OBSERVED DURING 1999 CHI-CHI, TAIWAN EARTHQUAKE
th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August -6, 4 Paper No. 74 CHARACTERIZATION OF DIRECTIVITY EFFECTS OBSERVED DURING 999 CHI-CHI, TAIWAN EARTHQUAKE Vietanh PHUNG, Gail
More informationEarthquakes. Chapter Test A. Multiple Choice. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.
Earthquakes Chapter Test A Multiple Choice Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left. 1. Stress that pushes a mass of rock in two opposite directions is called a. shearing. b. tension.
More informationSurface Rupture of 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake Yields Insights on Active Tectonics of Central Taiwan
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 5, pp. 977 985, October 2001 Surface Rupture of 1999 Chi-Chi Earthquake Yields Insights on Active Tectonics of Central Taiwan by Yue-Gau Chen, Wen-Shan
More informationField Trip Guide to the Alishan and Yushan regions, Taiwan
Field Trip Guide to the Alishan and Yushan regions, Taiwan Compiled by Yu-Chang Chan ( 詹瑜璋 ) Introduction The purpose of this field trip is to introduce briefly the geologic features of the Alishan and
More informationThe 1999 Taiwan Earthquake: A Proposed Stress-Focusing, Heel-Shaped Model
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 91, 5, pp. 1053 1061, October 2001 The 1999 Taiwan Earthquake: A Proposed Stress-Focusing, Heel-Shaped Model by Cheng-Horng Lin Abstract Stress focusing
More informationSeismic Quiescence before the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, M w 7.6 Earthquake
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 96, No. 1, pp. 321 327, February 2006, doi: 10.1785/0120050069 Seismic Quiescence before the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, M w 7.6 Earthquake by Yih-Min Wu
More informationEarthquakes and Seismotectonics Chapter 5
Earthquakes and Seismotectonics Chapter 5 What Creates Earthquakes? The term Earthquake is ambiguous: Applies to general shaking of the ground and to the source of the shaking We will talk about both,
More informationChapter 15 Structures
Chapter 15 Structures Plummer/McGeary/Carlson (c) The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. TECTONIC FORCES AT WORK Stress & Strain Stress Strain Compressive stress Shortening strain Tensional stress stretching
More informationThe Chi-Chi,Taiwan Earthquake: Large Surface Displacements on an Inland Thrust Fault
Eos, Vol. 80, No. 50, December 14,1999 EOS, TRANSACTIONS, AMERICAN GEOPHYSICAL UNION VOLUME 80 NUMBER 50 DECEMBER 14,1999 PAGES 605 620 The Chi-Chi,Taiwan Earthquake: Large Surface Displacements on an
More informationCoseismic displacements and slip distribution from GPS and leveling observations for the 2006 Peinan earthquake (M w 6.1) in southeastern Taiwan
Earth Planets Space, 61, 299 318, 2009 Coseismic displacements and slip distribution from GPS and leveling observations for the 2006 Peinan earthquake (M w 6.1) in southeastern Taiwan Horng-Yue Chen 1,
More informationStudy on the feature of surface rupture zone of the west of Kunlunshan pass earthquake ( M S 811) with high spatial resolution satellite images
48 2 2005 3 CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS Vol. 48, No. 2 Mar., 2005,,. M S 811.,2005,48 (2) :321 326 Shan X J, Li J H, Ma C. Study on the feature of surface rupture zone of the West of Kunlunshan Pass
More informationOnce you have opened the website with the link provided choose a force: Earthquakes
Name: Once you have opened the website with the link provided choose a force: Earthquakes When do earthquakes happen? On the upper left menu, choose number 1. Read What is an Earthquake? Earthquakes happen
More informationRelocation of aftershocks of the Wenchuan M S 8.0 earthquake and its implication to seismotectonics
Earthq Sci (2011)24: 107 113 107 doi:10.1007/s11589-011-0774-6 Relocation of aftershocks of the Wenchuan M S 8.0 earthquake and its implication to seismotectonics Bo Zhao Yutao Shi and Yuan Gao Institute
More informationFault Specific, Dynamic Rupture Scenarios for Strong Ground Motion Prediction
Fault Specific, Dynamic Rupture Scenarios for Strong Ground Motion Prediction H. Sekiguchi Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University, Japan Blank Line 9 pt Y. Kase Active Fault and Earthquake
More informationAnswer sheet for question 1 Answer question 1 as soon as the sample arrives at your desk.
EAS 233 Geologic structures. Final test. April 2012. 3 hours. Answer question 1 and 2 and three other questions. If you start more than the required number of questions, clearly delete the answers you
More informationEarth Science, (Tarbuck/Lutgens) Chapter 10: Mountain Building
Earth Science, (Tarbuck/Lutgens) Chapter 10: Mountain Building 1) A(n) fault has little or no vertical movements of the two blocks. A) stick slip B) oblique slip C) strike slip D) dip slip 2) In a(n) fault,
More informationRupture behavior of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake slips on a curved fault in response to the regional plate convergence
Engineering Geology 71 (2003) 1 11 www.elsevier.com/locate/enggeo Rupture behavior of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake slips on a curved fault in response to the regional plate convergence Kuo-Fong
More informationRELATION BETWEEN RAYLEIGH WAVES AND UPLIFT OF THE SEABED DUE TO SEISMIC FAULTING
13 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 24 Paper No. 1359 RELATION BETWEEN RAYLEIGH WAVES AND UPLIFT OF THE SEABED DUE TO SEISMIC FAULTING Shusaku INOUE 1,
More informationFigure Locations of the CWB free-field strong motion stations, the epicenter, and the surface fault of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake.
2.2 Strong Ground Motion 2.2.1 Strong Ground Motion Network The world densest digital strong ground motion network of Taiwan with the station mesh of 3 km in the urban areas (Shin et al., 2) monitored
More informationCrustal deformation in Taiwan: Results from finite source inversions of six M w > 5.8 Chi-Chi aftershocks
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 109,, doi:10.1029/2003jb002606, 2004 Crustal deformation in Taiwan: Results from finite source inversions of six M w > 5.8 Chi-Chi aftershocks Wu-Cheng Chi 1 and Doug
More informationCharacteristics of seismic activity before Chile M W 8.8 earthquake in 2010
Earthq Sci (2010)23: 333 341 333 Doi: 10.1007/s11589-010-0730-x Characteristics of seismic activity before Chile M W 8.8 earthquake in 2010 Yan Xue 1,2, Jie Liu 2 and Gang Li 2 1 Institute of Geophysics,
More informationAVERAGE AND VARIATION OF FOCAL MECHANISM AROUND TOHOKU SUBDUCTION ZONE
13 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering Vancouver, B.C., Canada August 1-6, 24 Paper No. 414 AVERAGE AND VARIATION OF FOCAL MECHANISM AROUND TOHOKU SUBDUCTION ZONE Shunroku YAMAMOTO 1 Naohito
More informationStructural Style in the Peel Region, NWT and Yukon
Structural Style in the Peel Region, NWT and Yukon Adriana Taborda* Husky Energy and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Adriana.Taborda@huskyenergy.ca and Deborah Spratt University of Calgary, Calgary,
More information2/8/2016 Magnitude-6.3 earthquake near Tainan, Taiwan, highlights the danger of blind thrust faults around the world
Temblor.net Earthquake News & Blog Magnitude-6.3 earthquake near Tainan, Taiwan, highlights the danger of blind thrust faults around the world 6 February 2016 Quake Insight Revised The 5 Feb 2016 M=6.3
More informationReconstruction of fault slip of the September 21st, 1999, Taiwan earthquake in the asphalted surface of a car park, and co-seismic slip partitioning
Journal of Structural Geology 25 (2003) 345±350 www.elsevier.com/locate/jsg Reconstruction of fault slip of the September 21st, 1999, Taiwan earthquake in the asphalted surface of a car park, and co-seismic
More informationon the earthquake's strength. The Richter scale is a rating of an earthquake s magnitude based on the size of the
Earthquakes and Seismic Waves An earthquake is the shaking and trembling that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. The point beneath Earth s surface where rock under stress breaks
More informationLithostratigraphy of the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project-A Borehole and Its Neighboring Region, Central Taiwan
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 18, No. 2, 223-241, June 2007 Lithostratigraphy of the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project-A Borehole and Its Neighboring Region, Central Taiwan Andrew Tien-Shun Lin
More informationLearning Objectives (LO) What we ll learn today:!
Learning Objectives (LO) Lecture 13: Mountain Building Read: Chapter 10 Homework #11 due Tuesday 12pm What we ll learn today:! 1. Define the types of stress that are present in the crust! 2. Define the
More informationDirectivity of near-fault ground motion generated by thrust-fault earthquake: a case study of the 1999 M w 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake
October -7, 8, Beijing, China Directivity of near-fault ground motion generated by thrust-fault earthquake: a case study of the 999 M w 7.6 Chi-Chi earthquake J.J. Hu and L.L. Xie Assistant Professor,
More informationGeophysical Journal International
Geophysical Journal International Geophys. J. Int. (2013) Geophysical Journal International Advance Access published April 5, 2013 Quantifying the seismicity on Taiwan Yi-Hsuan Wu, 1 Chien-Chih Chen, 2
More informationBuilding up Seismsic Models for Ground Motion Prediction of Taiwan: Problems and Challenges
Building up Seismsic Models for Ground Motion Prediction of Taiwan: Problems and Challenges Kuo-Fong Ma 馬國鳳 Institute of Geophysics National Central University What approaches we can make toward a reliable
More informationESTIMATES OF HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1999 TAIWAN EARTHQUAKE
ESTIMATES OF HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE 1999 TAIWAN EARTHQUAKE C. C. Chang Department of Surveying and Mapping Engineering Chung Cheng Institute of Technology, Taiwan, ROC ABSTRACT A
More informationStructural Style and Tectonic Evolution of the Nakhon Basin, Gulf of Thailand
Structural Style and Tectonic Evolution of the Nakhon Basin, Gulf of Thailand Piyaphong Chenrai Petroleum Geoscience Program, Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok
More informationsurface uplift of fault-related folds rely primarily on their limbs and associated
Finite and Quaternary shortening calculation Finite shortening Models commonly used to constrain the structural evolution, shortening, and surface uplift of fault-related folds rely primarily on their
More informationLithological control on the spatial evolution of fault slip on the Longitudinal Valley Fault, Taiwan - Supplementary materials
Lithological control on the spatial evolution of fault slip on the Longitudinal Valley Fault, Taiwan - Supplementary materials May 23, 2014 S.1 Seismicity The Longitudinal Valley Fault (LVF) is known to
More informationForces in Earth s Crust
Forces in Earth s Crust This section explains how stresses in Earth s crust cause breaks, or faults, in the crust. The section also explains how faults and folds in Earth s crust form mountains. Use Target
More informationStress and Strain. Stress is a force per unit area. Strain is a change in size or shape in response to stress
Geologic Structures Geologic structures are dynamically-produced patterns or arrangements of rock or sediment that result from, and give information about, forces within the Earth Produced as rocks change
More informationCoulomb stress changes due to Queensland earthquakes and the implications for seismic risk assessment
Coulomb stress changes due to Queensland earthquakes and the implications for seismic risk assessment Abstract D. Weatherley University of Queensland Coulomb stress change analysis has been applied in
More informationSOURCE MODELING OF RECENT LARGE INLAND CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN AND SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION FOR STRONG MOTION PREDICTION
SOURCE MODELING OF RECENT LARGE INLAND CRUSTAL EARTHQUAKES IN JAPAN AND SOURCE CHARACTERIZATION FOR STRONG MOTION PREDICTION Kimiyuki Asano 1 and Tomotaka Iwata 2 1 Assistant Professor, Disaster Prevention
More informationDetermination of fold and fault geometries from faultrelated fold study : A case of Hukou fault in NW Taiwan
1 Determination of fold and fault geometries from faultrelated fold study : A case of Hukou fault in NW Taiwan Presenter : Dwi Febriana Rochmah Adviser : Wen-Jeng Huang Date : 2016/10/20 Motivation Fold
More informationSCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences
SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences RESEARCH PAPER September 2011 Vol.54 No.9: 1386 1393 doi: 10.1007/s11430-011-4177-2 Crustal P-wave velocity structure of the Longmenshan region and its tectonic implications
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 3 Mountain Building. Copyright Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company
Stressed Out How can tectonic plate motion cause deformation? The movement of tectonic plates causes stress on rock structures. Stress is the amount of force per unit area that is placed on an object.
More informationZoning surface rupture hazard along normal faults: insight from the 2009 M w 6.3 L Aquila, central Italy, earthquake and other global earthquakes
Zoning surface rupture hazard along normal faults: insight from the 2009 M w 6.3 L Aquila, central Italy, earthquake and other global earthquakes Boncio, P., Galli, P., Naso, G., Pizzi, A. Bulletin of
More informationOn May 4, 2001, central Arkansas experienced an M=4.4 earthquake followed by a
1. Introduction On May 4, 2001, central Arkansas experienced an M=4.4 earthquake followed by a surprisingly large number of small earthquakes. We recorded about 2500 above the ambient noise level on a
More informationSeismic Activity near the Sunda and Andaman Trenches in the Sumatra Subduction Zone
IJMS 2017 vol. 4 (2): 49-54 International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies (IJMS) Volume 4, Issue 2, 2017 DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/ijms.v4i2.22 Seismic Activity near the Sunda and Andaman Trenches
More informationDeformation of Rocks. Orientation of Deformed Rocks
Deformation of Rocks Folds and faults are geologic structures caused by deformation. Structural geology is the study of the deformation of rocks and its effects. Fig. 7.1 Orientation of Deformed Rocks
More informationInference of trishear-faulting processes from deformed pregrowth and growth strata
Journal of Structural Geology 29 (2007) 1267e1280 www.elsevier.com/locate/jsg Inference of trishear-faulting processes from deformed pregrowth and growth strata M.L. Lin a, C.P. Wang b, W.S. Chen c, C.N.
More informationSendai Earthquake NE Japan March 11, Some explanatory slides Bob Stern, Dave Scholl, others updated March
Sendai Earthquake NE Japan March 11, 2011 Some explanatory slides Bob Stern, Dave Scholl, others updated March 14 2011 Earth has 11 large plates and many more smaller ones. Plates are 100-200 km thick
More informationStrong, Wen (Shih Chung Wen, 溫士忠 ) TEL: ext FAX:
Strong, Wen (Shih Chung Wen, 溫士忠 ) TEL: +886-5-2720411 ext. 61212 FAX: +886-6-2720807 E-mail: strong@eq.ccu.edu.tw strong6212@gmail.com [Education] Ph.D., Institute of Seismology, National Chung Cheng
More informationBaator Has 1*, Yasuo Ishii 2, Kiyoteru Maruyama 3, Soki Suzuki 4, Hideki Terada 5 ABSTRACT
RELATION BETWEEN DISTANCE FROM EARTHQUAKE SOURCE FAULT AND SCALE OF LANDSLIDE TRIGGERED BY RECENT TWO STRONG EARTHQUAKES IN THE NIIGATA PREFECTURE, JAPAN Baator Has 1*, Yasuo Ishii 2, Kiyoteru Maruyama
More informationUnit 4 Lesson 7 Mountain Building
Indiana Standards 7.2.4 Explain how convection currents in the mantle cause lithospheric plates to move causing fast changes like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, and slow changes like creation of mountains
More informationUsing structural validation and balancing tools to aid interpretation
Using structural validation and balancing tools to aid interpretation Creating a balanced interpretation is the first step in reducing the uncertainty in your geological model. Balancing is based on the
More informationCase Study 2: 2014 Iquique Sequence
Case Study 2: 2014 Iquique Sequence Overview Mw 8.2 earthquake on 1 April 2014 at 11:08:43 UTC Pictures of damage Seismicity maps Foreshock seismicity -> Main shock -> Aftershock 1 April 2014 11:08:43
More informationMountains and Mountain Building: Chapter 11
Mountains and Mountain Building: Chapter 11 Objectives: 1)Explain how some of Earth s major mountain belts formed 2) Compare and contrast active and passive continental margins 3) Explain how compression,
More informationCoseismic fold scarps and their kinematic behavior in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake Taiwan
Click Here for Full Article JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH, VOL. 11, B03S0, doi:10.109/006jb004388, 007 Coseismic fold scarps and their kinematic behavior in the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake Taiwan Yue-Gau
More information27th Seismic Research Review: Ground-Based Nuclear Explosion Monitoring Technologies
GROUND TRUTH LOCATIONS USING SYNERGY BETWEEN REMOTE SENSING AND SEISMIC METHODS-APPLICATION TO CHINESE AND NORTH AFRICAN EARTHQUAKES C. K. Saikia 1, H. K. Thio 2, D. V. Helmberger 2, G. Ichinose 1, and
More informationRELOCATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE SUMATRAN FAULT AND THEIR FAULT PLANES
Synopses of Master Papers Bulletin of IISEE, 47, 25-30, 2013 RELOCATION OF LARGE EARTHQUAKES ALONG THE SUMATRAN FAULT AND THEIR FAULT PLANES Biana Rahayu Wulandari MEE11605 Supervisor: Nobuo HURUKAWA ABSTRACT
More informationIntegration of Seismic and Seismological Data Interpretation for Subsurface Structure Identification
Integration of Seismic and Seismological Data Interpretation for Subsurface Structure Identification Iftikhar Ahmed Satti, and Wan Ismail Wan Yusoff Abstract The structural interpretation of a part of
More informationCOULOMB STRESS CHANGES DUE TO RECENT ACEH EARTHQUAKES
COULOMB STRESS CHANGES DUE TO RECENT ACEH EARTHQUAKES Madlazim Physics Department, Faculty Mathematics and Sciences of Surabaya State University (UNESA) Jl. Ketintang, Surabaya 60231, Indonesia. e-mail:
More informationResistivity Structures of the Chelungpu Fault in the Taichung Area, Taiwan
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 17, No. 3, 547-561, September 2006 Resistivity Structures of the Chelungpu Fault in the Taichung Area, Taiwan Ping-Hu Cheng 1, *, Andrew Tien-Shun Lin 1, Yueh-Iuan Ger 1,
More informationKinematic inversion of pre-existing faults by wastewater injection-related induced seismicity: the Val d Agri oil field case study (Italy)
Kinematic inversion of pre-existing faults by wastewater injection-related induced seismicity: the Val d Agri oil field case study (Italy) Buttinelli M., Improta L., Bagh S., Chiarabba C. 1/10 The Val
More informationEmpirical Green s Function Analysis of the Wells, Nevada, Earthquake Source
Nevada Bureau of Mines and Geology Special Publication 36 Empirical Green s Function Analysis of the Wells, Nevada, Earthquake Source by Mendoza, C. 1 and Hartzell S. 2 1 Centro de Geociencias, Universidad
More informationCrustal Deformation. (Building Earth s Surface, Part 1) Science 330 Summer Mapping geologic structures
Crustal Deformation (Building Earth s Surface, Part 1) Science 330 Summer 2005 Mapping geologic structures When conducting a study of a region, a geologist identifies and describes the dominant rock structures
More informationBROADBAND STRONG MOTION SIMULATION OF THE 2004 NIIGATA- KEN CHUETSU EARTHQUAKE: SOURCE AND SITE EFFECTS
Third International Symposium on the Effects of Surface Geology on Seismic Motion Grenoble, France, 30 August - 1 September 2006 Paper Number: 105 BROADBAND STRONG MOTION SIMULATION OF THE 2004 NIIGATA-
More informationBulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, No. 6, pp , December 2004
Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, Vol. 94, No. 6, pp. 2198 2212, December 2004 Comparisons of Ground Motions from Five Aftershocks of the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, Earthquake with Empirical
More informationCRUSTAL DEFORMATION. Chapter 10
CRUSTAL DEFORMATION and dgeologic Structures t Chapter 10 Deformation Df Deformation involves: Stress the amount of force applied to a given area. Types of Stress: Confining Stress stress applied equally
More informationAnswers: Internal Processes and Structures (Isostasy)
Answers: Internal Processes and Structures (Isostasy) 1. Analyse the adjustment of the crust to changes in loads associated with volcanism, mountain building, erosion, and glaciation by using the concept
More informationREGIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STRESS FIELD AND ITS DYNAMICS IN AND AROUND THE NANKAI TROUGH, JAPAN
46 4 2003 7 CHINESE JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICS Vol. 46, No. 4 July, 2003 1 1 2 3 1, 100037 2, 920-1192 3, 237-0061,,, : -. (10 22 ), (60 85km) ; (40 ), (160km)..,. GPS,, -,,.,,,.. 0001-5733(2003) 04-0488 -
More informationStrong Ground Motion Characteristics of the Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake of September 21, 1999
Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology 1 Volume 2, Number 1, March 2000, pp. 1 21 Strong Ground Motion Characteristics of the Chi-Chi, Taiwan Earthquake of September 21, 1999 Yi-Ben Tsai 1)
More informationCase Study 1: 2014 Chiang Rai Sequence
Case Study 1: 2014 Chiang Rai Sequence Overview Mw 6.1 earthquake on 5 May 2014 at 11:08:43 UTC Largest recorded earthquake in Thailand Fault Orientation How does the orientation of the fault affect the
More informationLab 7: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY FOLDS AND FAULTS
Lab 7: STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY FOLDS AND FAULTS This set of labs will focus on the structures that result from deformation in earth s crust, namely folds and faults. By the end of these labs you should be able
More informationEarthquakes How and Where Earthquakes Occur
Earthquakes How and Where Earthquakes Occur PPT Modified from Troy HS Is there such thing as earthquake weather? Absolutely NOT!!! Geologists believe that there is no connection between weather and earthquakes.
More information(1) Identify 5 major principles of relative dating? For each principle, describe how you tell what is younger and what is older.
Things to Know - Third GLG101Exam Page 1 Important Note: This is not everything you need to know or study. However, it provides you with a relatively comprehensive list of questions to help you study.
More informationOverview of Seismic Source Characterization for the Diablo Canyon Power Plant
Overview of Seismic Source Characterization for the Diablo Canyon Power Plant Steve Thompson (LCI and SSC TI Team), for SWUS GMC Workshop 1, March 19, 2013 Questions from TI Team Summarize tectonic setting.
More informationHow mountains are made. We will talk about valleys (erosion and weathering later)
How mountains are made We will talk about valleys (erosion and weathering later) http://www.ilike2learn.com/ilike2learn/mountainmaps/mountainranges.html Continent-continent plate convergence Less dense,
More informationHow to Build a Mountain and other Geologic Structures. But first a short review
How to Build a Mountain and other Geologic Structures But first a short review Where do we see deep earthquakes? What is happening there? What can happen at a plate boundary? 1. Plates can move apart
More informationGeologic Structures. Changes in the shape and/or orientation of rocks in response to applied stress
Geologic Structures Changes in the shape and/or orientation of rocks in response to applied stress Figure 15.19 Can be as big as a breadbox Or much bigger than a breadbox Three basic types Fractures >>>
More informationGenetic models of structural traps related to normal faults in the Putaohua Oilfield, Songliao Basin
302 DOI 10.1007/s12182-008-0050-0 Genetic models of structural traps related to normal faults in the Putaohua Oilfield, Songliao Basin Sun Simin 1, Wu Xinsong 1, Liu Hongtao 2 and Wang Changsheng 2 1 School
More informationCrustal Deformation Earth - Chapter Pearson Education, Inc.
Crustal Deformation Earth - Chapter 10 Structural Geology Structural geologists study the architecture and processes responsible for deformation of Earth s crust. A working knowledge of rock structures
More informationCoseismic and postseismic slip distribution of the 2003 Mw=6.5 Chengkung earthquake in eastern Taiwan: Elastic modeling from inversion of GPS data
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Tectonophysics 466 (2009) 335 343 www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto Coseismic and postseismic slip distribution of the 2003 Mw=6.5 Chengkung earthquake in eastern
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
doi:10.1038/nature11492 Figure S1 Short-period Seismic Energy Release Pattern Imaged by F-net. (a) Locations of broadband seismograph stations in Japanese F-net used for the 0.5-2.0 Hz P wave back-projection
More informationStructural Geology and Geology Maps Lab
Structural Geology and Geology Maps Lab Mesa College Geology 101 Lab Ray Rector: Instructor Structural Geology Lab Pre-Lab Resources Pre-Lab Internet Links 1) Fundamentals of Structural Geology 2) Visualizing
More informationThe Tiehchanshan structure of NW Taiwan: A potential geological reservoir for CO 2 sequestration
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 28, No. 6, 923-941, December 2017 doi: 10.3319/TAO.2017.05.25.01 The Tiehchanshan structure of NW Taiwan: A potential geological reservoir for CO 2 sequestration Kenn-Ming
More information11.1 Rock Deformation
Tarbuck Lutgens Mountain Building 11.1 Rock Deformation Factors Affecting Deformation Factors that influence the strength of a rock and how it will deform include temperature, confining pressure, rock
More informationSlip Partition of the 26 December 2006 Pingtung, Taiwan (M 6.9, M 6.8) Earthquake Doublet Determined from Teleseismic Waveforms
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 19, No. 6, 567-578, December 2008 doi: 10.3319/TAO.2008.19.6.567(PT) Slip Partition of the 26 December 2006 Pingtung, Taiwan (M 6.9, M 6.8) Earthquake Doublet Determined
More informationTHREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE DIFFERENCE SIMULATION OF LONG-PERIOD GROUND MOTION IN THE KANTO PLAIN, JAPAN
THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE DIFFERENCE SIMULATION OF LONG-PERIOD GROUND MOTION IN THE KANTO PLAIN, JAPAN Nobuyuki YAMADA 1 And Hiroaki YAMANAKA 2 SUMMARY This study tried to simulate the long-period earthquake
More informationCrags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building
Crags, Cracks, and Crumples: Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building Updated by: Rick Oches, Professor of Geology & Environmental Sciences Bentley University Waltham, Massachusetts Based on slides prepared
More informationVariations along the strike of the Taiwan thrust belt: Basement control on structural style, wedge geometry, and kinematics
Geological Society of America Special Paper 358 2002 Variations along the strike of the Taiwan thrust belt: Basement control on structural style, wedge geometry, and kinematics F. Mouthereau B. Deffontaines
More informationSeismic Source Mechanism
Seismic Source Mechanism Yuji Yagi (University of Tsukuba) Earthquake Earthquake is a term used to describe both failure process along a fault zone, and the resulting ground shaking and radiated seismic
More informationKEY CHAPTER 12 TAKE-HOME QUIZ INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES Score Part B = / 55 PART B
GEOLOGY 12 KEY CHAPTER 12 TAKE-HOME QUIZ INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES Score Part B = / 55 PART B CHAPTER 12 Isostacy and Structural Geology 1. Using the terms below, label the following diagrams and
More informationLateral variations of P n velocity and anisotropy in Taiwan from travel-time tomography
Earth Planets Space, 55, 2, Lateral variations of P n velocity and anisotropy in Taiwan from travel-time tomography Chau-Huei Chen, Yue-Haun Chen, Horng-Yuan Yen 2, and Guey-Kuen Yu 3 Institute of Seismology,
More informationStructural Styles and Geotectonic Elements in Northwestern Mississippi: Interpreted from Gravity, Magnetic, and Proprietary 2D Seismic Data
Structural Styles and Geotectonic Elements in Northwestern Mississippi: Interpreted from Gravity, Magnetic, and Proprietary 2D Seismic Data Nick Loundagin 1 and Gary L. Kinsland 2 1 6573 W. Euclid Pl.,
More informationCore Description and Characteristics of Fault Zones from Hole-A of the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project
Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci., Vol. 18, No. 2, 327-357, June 2007 Core Description and Characteristics of Fault Zones from Hole-A of the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling Project En-Chao Yeh 1, 5, *, Hiroki Sone
More information