Directed Reading B. Section: Development of the Atomic Theory THE BEGINNING OF ATOMIC THEORY. is a(n). DALTON S ATOMIC THEORY BASED ON EXPERIMENTS
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1 Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: Development of the Atomic Theory THE BEGINNING OF ATOMIC THEORY 1. The word atom comes from the Greek word atomos, which means a. dividable. b. invisible. c. hard particles. d. not able to be divided. 2. The smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element is a(n). (pp ) DALTON S ATOMIC THEORY BASED ON EXPERIMENTS 3. Which of the following was NOT part of Dalton s theory? a. All substances are made of atoms. b. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike. c. Atoms of different elements are alike. d. Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances. 4. Dalton experimented with different substances. What did his results suggest? THOMSON S DISCOVERY OF ELECTRONS 5. In Thomson s experiments with a cathode-ray tube, he discovered that a(n) charged plate attracted the beam. He concluded that the beam was made up of particles that have electric charges. 6. The negatively charged subatomic particles that Thomson discovered are now called. 7. In Thomson s plum-pudding model, electrons are mixed throughout a(n). Holt California Physical Science 67 Introduction to Atoms
2 RUTHERFORD S ATOMIC SHOOTING GALLERY 8. Before his experiment, what did Rutherford expect the particles to do? a. He expected the particles to pass right through the gold foil. b. He expected the particles to deflect to the sides of the gold foil. c. He expected the particles to bounce straight back. d. He expected the particles to become negatively charged. 9. What were the surprising results of Rutherford s gold-foil experiment? THE NUCLEUS AND THE ELECTRONS 10. In 1911, Rutherford revised the atomic theory. Which of the following is NOT part of that theory? a. Atoms are mostly empty space. b. The nucleus is a tiny, dense, positively charged region. c. Positively charged particles that pass close by the nucleus are pushed away by the positive charges in the nucleus. d. The nucleus is made up of protons and electrons. 11. How did Rutherford s model describe the atom? Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space 12. an atom s central region, made up of protons and neutrons 13. region around the nucleus where electrons are likely to be found a. electrons b. electron cloud c. nucleus 14. particles that Bohr suggested move around the nucleus in definite paths 15. Each electron s definite energy is based on its. Holt California Physical Science 10 Introduction to Atoms
3 THE SIZE OF AN ATOM 16. Which of the following statements is true? a. A penny has about 20,000 atoms. b. A penny has more atoms than Earth has people. c. Aluminum is made up of large-sized atoms. d. Aluminum atoms have a diameter of about 3 cm. 17. One of the tools that scientists now use to observe atoms is the. Holt California Physical Science 11 Introduction to Atoms
4 Skills Worksheet Directed Reading B Section: The Atom THE PARTS OF AN ATOM (pp ) Match the correct description with the correct term. Write the letter in the space 1. particle found in the nucleus that has no electrical charge 2. particle found in the nucleus that is positively charged 3. particle with an unequal number of protons and electrons a. electron b. atomic mass unit (amu) c. nucleus d. proton e. ion f. neutron 4. negatively charged particle found outside the nucleus 5. contains most of the mass of an atom 6. SI unit that describes the mass of an atom or molecule ATOMS AND ELEMENTS 7. The simplest atom is the atom. It has one and one. 8. Neutrons in the atom s keep two or more protons from moving apart. 9. If you build an atom using two protons, two neutrons, and two electrons, you have built an atom of. 10. An atom does not have to have equal numbers of and. 11. The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the of that atom. Holt California Physical Science 70 Introduction to Atoms
5 ISOTOPES 12. Two different isotopes of the same atom have a. the same number of protons. b. the same number of neutrons. c. a different atomic number. d. the same mass. 13. Which of the following is NOT true about unstable atoms? a. They are radioactive. b. They have a nucleus that always remains the same. c. They give off energy as they fall apart. d. They give off smaller particles as they fall apart. 14. What is the mass number of an isotope that has 5 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons? a. 1 b. 11 c. 10 d If carbon has an atomic number of 6, how many neutrons does carbon-12 have? a. 12 b. 8 c. 6 d Most elements contain a mixture of two or more. 17. The weighted average of the masses of all the naturally occurring isotopes of an element is the. FORCES IN ATOMS Match the correct definition with the correct term. Write the letter in the space 18. helps protons stay together in the nucleus 19. pulls objects toward one another 20. an important force in radioactive atoms 21. holds the electrons around the nucleus a. gravitational force b. electromagnetic force c. strong force d. weak force Holt California Physical Science 13 Introduction to Atoms
Name Class Date. Section: Development of the Atomic Theory THE BEGINNING OF ATOMIC THEORY
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