Fick s law explains how groups of particles travel through the air. The more closely grouped the particles are the more they want to spread out.
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1 High Concentration to Low Concentration Fick s law explains how groups of particles travel through the air. The more closely grouped the particles are the more they want to spread out. Examples: a crowded elevator, a bus, balloons, marbles.
2 Diffusion Mass Transfer & Gummy Bears It s What We Do Sweet Applications Challenge: Find something in this room that has not been influenced by a Chemical Engineer. HEMISTRY_LAB._THE_CHEMIST_IS_TESTING_WATER_SAMPLES_FOR_PESTICIDES_-_NARA_- _ tif&page=1 We take good ideas and find ways to make them big ones. What is Mass Transfer? Mass transfer is mass moving from one region to another. We use Fick's First Law to determine the rate at which mass is moving from a higher concentration to a lower one. Our Chewy Experiment Bathe gummy bear in water at 98 o F. Chemical Mixers Evaporation Pools Distillation Columns Synthetic Alloys Nuclear Reactors Oil Drilling Platforms Gummy bear s volume swells by up to 30% in just 15 minutes. Pharmaceuticals Food Production Fluid Mechanics
3 Melting Diffusion HEAT TRANSFER Fourier s Law MASS TRANSFER Fick s Law What factors affect diffusion? What causes heat transfer? Temperature Difference Concentration Difference How fast will the ice melt? When will the color stop changing?
4 q = kk dd dd q heat flux k constant A cross sectional area dd dd Change in temperature with respect to distance through Material Matters Material k-value (W/m*K) Wood 0.13 Aluminum 237 Styrofoam Polypropylene 0.22 material Which would you choose? k= k=14.9
5 Conduction Cool ways to enjoy your Hot Chocolate without burning yourself! Convection Transfer through a stationary object. Transfer through motion. Where Does Heat Transfer Occur? Conduction Through the cup Through the spoon Convection Liquid to air Liquid to spoon Spoon to air Liquid to cup Cup to air Rates: No spoons 4.17 F/min 3-spoons F/min Stirring F/min
6 Group 3 What is convection? How does it affect us? Why should we care? Does weather form through convection? Do animals sweat? Why or why not? How do they cool down?
7 Tightly packed materials conduct heat more effectively Which material s temperature will change most rapidly? Wood Stainless Steel Plastic Zinc Aluminum Thermal Conductivity of Common Why? Due to differences in molecular spacing and other factors, different materials have different abilities to transfer heat through them. We can predict the different rates by using the formula given here Materials W m*k Wood Plastic 0.21 Steel 60.5 Zinc 116 Aluminum 250 q= rate of heat transfer A= Area K= Thermal Conductivity Coefficient (Measured for each material)
8 What happens to temperature and the molecules as heat is added? gas Def. Latent Heat: The heat released or evaporating absorbed by a substance during a liquid change of state that melting solid occurs without a change in temperature (latent means hidden) How many phase changes do you see?
9 What Affects Mass Transfer? Spencer Bowen, Chris Hagmann, Anna Katz, Kyle Malone, Gordon Nielsen Why we spray perfume on our wrists (Temp) Why you should open car air fresheners slowly (A s ) THE Equation N A =-D AB *A s *ΔC A N A is the rate of mass transfer D AB takes into account substance, temperature, pressure; A s is the surface area; ΔC A is the difference in concentration Why our small intestine is so long (A s ) Why Tropical Fish need more cholesterol than Arctic Fish (Temp) X 20!
10 wavelength Every object emits radiation through electromagnetic waves. Waves carry energy. Their energy is transferred to objects in the form of heat. evibrating electron Electromagnetic waves Types of Radiation Generally Used for Heat Transfer Ultraviolet Infrared Microwave Radio Color Transparency Type of Material Temperature tion_warning_symbol.svg Different materials and colors affect radiation heat transfer Black absorbs more radiation Foil Reflects Radiation Orange absorbs some radiation Transparent lets radiation through Less heat transfer More heat transfer
11 Electro Magnetic Spectrum Blackbody Radiation Radiation Visible to the Eye Natural Thermal Radiation Night Vision
12 What increases heat transfer? Conduction Heat Transfer Equation Amount of Heat k= Coefficient of Thermal T hot _ T cold = Temperature Difference Conductivity Napkin vs. Battle of the Heat Transfer Hot Air vs. Plastic bag k of chocolate = 1.01 W/m*K A= Area of Chocolate Rubbing Hands Together vs. k of ice = vs. Cupping Your Hand 2.22W/m*K Normal Smashed
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