The following is a quote by Democritus (c. 460 c. 370 bce). Paraphrase this quote in your own words in your science journal.
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1 Section 1 Development of the Atomic Theory Bellringer The following is a quote by Democritus (c. 460 c. 370 bce). Paraphrase this quote in your own words in your science journal. Color exists by convention, sweet by convention, bitter by convention; in reality nothing exists but atoms and the void. What do you know about Democritus? And why are his thoughts important?
2 Section 1 Development of the Atomic Theory Objectives Describe some of the experiments that led to the current atomic theory. Compare the different models of the atom. Explain how the atomic theory has changed as scientists have discovered new information about the atom.
3 Section 1 Development of the Atomic Theory The atomic theory continues to change over time. Scientists have created different models of what the atom looks like to correspond with newly discovered information about the atom. A Look Back in Time
4 Democritus vs Aristotle Both were Greek philosophers. Democritus Around 440 BCE he had an idea that if you keep cutting a piece of something in half you would eventually end up with a particle that could not be cut. He called this particle an atom. He is correct. Matter is made of particles, which we call atoms. An atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided and still be the same substance.
5 The Beginning of the Atomic Theory Democritus vs Aristotle Aristotle disagreed with Democritus s ideas. He believed that you could never end up with a particle that could not be cut. He had a very strong influence with people and society. People believed in Aristotle.
6 John Dalton Dalton s Atomic Theory Based on Experiments Dalton s Theory John Dalton published his atomic theory in late1803. His theory stated that 1. all substances are made of atoms. Atoms are small particles that cannot be created, divided, or destroyed. 2. Atoms of the same element are exactly alike, and atoms of different elements are different. 3. Atoms join with other atoms to make new substances.
7 J.J. Thomson Proved that Dalton wasn t Quite Correct and that atoms can be divided into smaller parts. Thus the atomic theory was then changed to describe the atom more correctly. Negatively Charged Particles In 1897,Thomson experimented with a cathode-ray tube like the one shown on the next slide. He discovered negatively charged particles that are now known as electrons. Plum Pudding Model After learning that atoms contain electrons, Thomson proposed a new model of the atom. Thomson thought that electrons were mixed throughout an atom, like plums in a pudding.
8 Section 1 Development of the Atomic Theory
9 Ernest Rutherford Negatively Charged Particles In 1909, Ernest Rutherford designed a new experiment called the Gold Foil Experiment where he aimed a beam of small, positively charged particles at a thin sheet of gold foil. The next slide shows his experiment.
10 Section 1 Development of the Atomic Theory
11 Surprising Results Far from the Nucleus particles were expected to pass right through the gold foil in a straight line. particles were deflected. Atomic theory was revised again. Rutherford proposed that in the center of the atom is a tiny, dense, positively charged particle he called the nucleus and it is surrounded by negatively charged electrons. He proved that Thompsons Plum Pudding Model was incorrect.
12 Niels Bohr Bohr s Electron Levels In 1913, Niels Bohr proposed that electrons move around the nucleus in certain paths, or energy levels. Known as the Bohr s Model These electrons can jump from path to path meaning there are no direct path these electrons will follow.
13 The Modern Atomic Theory James Chadwick in 1932 he discovered the particle neutron that has no charge in the nucleus. Schrodinger and Heisenberg Further explained electron behavior. Electrons have no definite path in the electron cloud. The electron cloud is the region where electrons are likely to be found.
14 Section 1 Development of the Atomic Theory Comparing Models of the Atom Click below to watch the Visual Concept. Visual Concept You may stop the video at any time by pressing the Esc key.
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