The use of GOCE gravity satellite data in Geophysical exploration and basin modeling Arabian Peninsula
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1 The use of GOCE gravity satellite data in Geophysical exploration and basin modeling Arabian Peninsula Rader Abdul Fattah (TNO) S. Meekes (TNO) J. Bouman (DGFI) M. Schmidt (DGFI) J. Ebbing (NGU) Marrakech 5 7 October MAPG-AAPG 2nd International Convention
2 Who is TNO? INDEPENDENT R&T ORGANIZATION Founded in 1932 by act of parliament (TNO law) US$ 800 M (m 600) turn-over; staff Applied R&T organization technology development & contract R&D Coventry Brussels Shanghai non-routine consulting special tasks e.g. Geological Survey Livonia Boston Delft Seoul Tokyo Independent of private and Yokohama public interests Nogent s / Marne Frankfurt Stuttgart Qatar Bangalore Wheelers Hill
3 TNO Oil and Gas technologies Exploration Production Optimization Capture & Storage Technology Integrity Services Process Instrumentation Petroleum System Modeling Biostratigraphy Basin Studies & Regional Mapping Unconventional EGR/EOR Real-Time Production Monitoring & Control Flow Control & Assurance Field Development Planning CO2 & H2S Separation Sour gas services Separation technology Produced water treatment CCS/UGS/ECBM Installation integrity: design, troubleshooting Turbomachinery & acoustics Testing LNG Test and Technology Centre Multiphase flow measurement Soft sensing Non intrusive sensing
4 Exploration technologies Geological mapping and modelling Petroleum systems Exploration Petroleum System Modeling Biostratigraphy Basin Studies & Regional Mapping Production Optimization EGR/EOR Real-Time Production Monitoring & Control Flow Control & Assurance Special (niche) technologies Basin Modelling (Heat & Fluid flow) Capture & Storage Technology Sedimentology Biostratigraphy CO2 & H2S Separation Sour gas services Separation technology Produced water treatment Integrity Services Organic petrology/geochemistry Geomechanics Installation integrity: design, troubleshooting Turbomachinery & acoustics Process Instrumentation Multiphase flow measurement Soft sensing Non intrusive sensing Testing Unconventional Field Development Goal: New plays, prospects and additional reserves Planning CCS/UGS/ECBM LNG Test and Technology Centre
5 Space Systems and Applications at TNO Exploration and space science Instrumentation Satellite navigation Satellite telecommunication Human spaceflight Earth observation Environmental and Security modeling Oil and Gas applications InSAR monitoring - (induced) subsidence Forward gravity modeling for basin studies
6 Remote sensing and hydrocarbon exploration TRENDS in HC exploration Future exploration moves to more remote, harsh or unsecure areas. Less staff on the ground. TRENDS in Satellite use Demand Driven Missions (Frascati, 2010) Satellite data will play a larger role in E&P
7 The GOCE satellite gravity mission Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) ESA satellite launched in 2009 and mission Measures gravity gradient (gradiometer) Objectives: Gravity field with high accuracy Determine the Geoid (1-2 cm) Spatial resolution of ~ 75 km
8 The GOCE satellite gravity mission Objectives Ocean Circulation Solid Earth Geodesy Sea-level Change
9 Gravity data and Basin studies GOCE data: suitable resolution for the regional scale studies Suitable for crust and lithosphere studies (crust thickness) Gradient data: higher horizontal resolution for crustal structure (densities) discrimination. GOCE data can help map the Moho transition; essential for heat flow modeling GOCE accuracy requirements
10 GOCE gravity satellite data in Geophysical exploration and basin modeling 2-Years Project ESA (European Space Agency) TNO (Dutch Institute for Applied Sciences) DGFI (German Geodesic institute) NUG (Norwegian Geological Survey)
11 GOCE gravity satellite data in Geophysical exploration and basin modeling Project objectives Developing processing workflows to make data available for end-users. Sensitivity analysis and data evaluation (North Atlantic case study) Geophysical exploration GOCE for Hydrocarbon exploration (Arabian Peninsula)
12 Geophysical exploration and basin modeling Arabian Peninsula (The Empty Quarter desert) Gravity data from the GOCE satellite for Hydrocarbon exploration Based on gravity data a crustal/lithospheric model is constructed Heat flow maps are created based on the crustal/lithospheric model Maturity is evaluated using the heat flow model
13 Hydrocarbon exploration in The Empty Quarter The middle-east key fossil fuel source Unexplored basins (frontier area) High potential exploration area (Paleozoic plays) Regional geological system (large scale basins)
14 Catagenesis Hydrocarbon maturity in the basin Organic-rich source rocks in the basin need heat to get mature cooked and produce hydrocarbon. (oil and gas) The heat needed for cooking the source rock comes from the crust Energy from the mantel Energy from radiogenic elements in the basement Energy from radiogenic elements in the sediments The amount of heat within the basin is controlled (defined) by the heat flow within the basin Biogenic methane Oil Temperature o C Vitrinite Reflectance %Rr Spore coloration 1 5 Yellow Orange Diagenesis Oil window Dry gas Brown Black Gas window Graphite 250 Metagenesis
15 Basal heat flow in the basin Basement heat flow is important parameter affecting source rock maturity. Basement heat flow is determined by crustal structure and can be estimated from crustal models Depth of the basement, lithosphere and crust thickness, Crust structure, composition and properties (radiogenic heat production, thermal conductivity) Variations (heterogeneity) within the basement Variations in basal heat flow Maturity anomalies within the basin The case in the Arabian Peninsula Empty Quarter
16 Basal heat flow in the basin Arabian shield is composed of different structures amalgmated Pre-Cambrian island arcs and micro-continents, and igneous plutons (tectonic terranes and suture zones) Different structures and different properties Continues below the Phanerozoic sediments in the Arabian Platform Variations (heterogeneity) within the basement Variations in the basal heat flow Maturity anomalies within the basin (Nehlig et al., 2002)
17 TNO approach to understand maturity Probabilistic tectonic heat flow modeling (PetroProb) A multi- 1D tectonic heat flow modelling approach (Temporal and spatial variations) Based on inversion of basin subsidence data (sedimentation, erosion, PWD,.. etc) (Modelled tectonic heat flow) Incorporates the effect of sedimentation infill and heat production in the crust (Improved McKenzie model) Includes uncertainty in the input parameters (Probabilistic approach) Conducts calibration with measured data and sensitivity analysis (Calibration with measured data) Main inputs: Lithosphere and Crust thicknesses and properties
18 TNO approach to understand maturity Probabilistic tectonic heat flow modeling (PetroProb) Subsidence Inversion tectonic heat flow Tectonic Subsidence curve Heat flow Uncertainty Uncertainty Tectonic Subsidence (PWD/erosion) Maturation Uncertainty Uncertainty Sedimentary Thermal properties Lithosphere Parameters Uncertainty Lithosphere Parameters (crust/lith) End-members Inverted Tectonic model Default tectonic Bsmt heat flow Experimental design alternative Inverted Tectonic models MC sampling Uncertainty tectonic bsmt heat flow MC sampling Uncertainty Maturation Sensitivity Analysis - Calibration
19 How GOCE Gravity data will be used Litho-stratigraphic model of the area will be built: Basement depth map of the area (from Seismic refraction data) Stratigraphic information (regional correlations and well data) A gravity model will be made (gravity gradients, gravity anomaly) Forward of inverse modeling procedure A model of the crust (basement) will be constructed Geometry and properties Uncertainties assigned The model with the uncertainties will be used in the HF modeling tool. Maturity of source rock units is calculated Stratigraphic model Gravity model Maturity model Heat flow model Lithosphere Crust model GOCE data
20 Data requirements availability Literature and publications Local contacts (work groups): KFUPM (Arabian Transect project) Saudi Aramco (Basin modeling team) SRAK (Shell. Basin modeling team) KOC KISR (Pollastro, 2003)
21 Data: Geological model (stratigraphy) (Pollastro, 2003)
22 Data: Basement model, Calibration data (Maturity modeling) Basement depth Moho depth (Stern and Johnson, 2010) (Al-Damegh et al., 2005) ( Milner, 1998) Jurassic maturity (Vr %) Permian maturity (Vr %) Surface heat flow (mw/m2)
23 Data: Available gravity data (Geological survey of KSA) Land surveys Elevation data GRACE mission Gravity anomaly maps Marine Gravity from Geosat and ERS 1 Satellite Altimetry Geoid undulation Earth Gravitational Model EGM2008
24 Status of the project GOCE gradient data are processed : Component corrections Frame Orientation adjustment Data collection (north Atlantic case study) Initial geological model of the Arabian Peninsula case study. Model specifications.
25 Summary Satellite technology becomes more important for HC exploration. Large area with difficult accessibility. This study can show the relevance of satellite data (e.g. GOCE-data) for exploration for hydrocarbons. GOCE gravity gradient data have huge potential for HC as well as other applications. This study will develop workflows to handle GOCE gradient data. GOCE Gravity data will be available for FREE in useable formats. Implementations for the North Africa (large unexplored areas, harsh environment)!!
26
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