An Astrophysics Mission of Opportunity on the International Space Station
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- Dwayne Cummings
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1 GSFC 1
2 An Astrophysics Mission of Opportunity on the International Space Station Science: Understanding ultra-dense matter through observations of neutron stars in the soft X-ray band Launch: October 2016, SpaceX-12 resupply Platform: ISS ExPRESSLogistics Carrier (ELC), with active pointing over nearly a full hemisphere Duration: 24 months including Guest Observer program Instrument: X-ray ( kev) concentrator optics and silicon-drift detectors. GPS position & absolute time reference Enhancements: Guest Investigator/Observer program Demonstration of pulsar-based spacecraft navigation Status: Passed CDR, Sept 2014 All critical ETUs in hand Significant flight hardware done 2
3 How big is a neutron star? Its size reveals what it s made of Credit: CXC NICER will determine the radii of neutron stars to 5%, an order of magnitude better than known today 3
4 Unprecedented photon statistics enable high-precision measurement NICER is sensitive where neutron stars are brightest Absolute time resolution enables coherent light curve integration over years Energy resolution enables phase resolved spectroscopy ~10 6 K thermal emission peaks in soft X-rays 4
5 Science-enabling capabilities An unprecedented combination of time resolution, energy resolution, and sensitivity Spectral band: kev Well matched to neutron stars Overlaps RXTE and XMM-Newton Timing resolution: 100 nsec RMS absolute 50x better than RXTE ~1000x better than XMM-Newton Energy resolution: 6 kev 10x better than RXTE Angular resolution: 6 arcmin (non-imaging) 10x better than RXTE Sensitivity, 5σ: 5.3 x10 14 erg/s/cm kevin 10 ksec(crab-like spectrum) 20x better than RXTE 3x better than XMM-Newton s timing capability 5
6 The NICER payload XTI Star Tracker Electronics Adapter Plate Launch-lock mounts An innovative combination of high-heritage components HiPos Box y Sunshades and X-Ray Concentrators (56) Radiator surface Focal Plane Modules (56) GPS Antenna Connector Bracket Deploy & Pointing System El over Az, deploy, and latching actuators with EVR/EVA fixtures Contamination shield AFRAM X-ray Timing Instrument (XTI) Assembly of 56 X-ray concentrators and detectors Detects individual X-ray photons, returns energy and time of arrival Held together in the Instrument Optical Bench Thermal system Maintains thermal-mechanical alignment Pointing System Composed of high-heritage components Allows the XTI to track pulsars Slews XTI between targets C&DH Digital interface to ISS for commands, data Supports pointing system Flight Releasable Attachment Mechanism Electrical & mechanical interface to ISS and transfer vehicle Provided by ISS program 6
7 Transport on SpaceX Dragon Manifested with one other payload on SpaceX-12 ISS re-supply mission Located in the unpressurized trunk Dragon provides survival power during transport. 7
8 Robotic installation to ELC2 Site 7 NICER in transport NICER s future home SpaceX-12 flight to the ISS in October 2016 Robotic installation on the ISS 8
9 9
10 Established platform, benign environment ISS is a great place to do NICER science! ISS offers: Established infrastructure (transport, power, comm, etc.) that reduces risk Generous resources that simplify design, reduce cost A stable platform for arcmin pointing NICER s design: Is tolerant of ISS vibrations Is insensitive to the ISS contamination & radiation environments, with safe-stow capability Provides high (54%) observing efficiency 10
11 Flight and ETU hardware is coming together! 11
12 First 56XRCs! 12
13 Flight IOBFit Check 13
14 NICER is more than your average opportunity Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) supports NICER through the SEXTANT program First flight demo of pulsar-based navigation Fits cleanly into NICER science program, no additional hardware NASA gets more bang for the buck NICER offers full mission science at the cost of an instrument to SMD Pulsar nav will ultimately enable novel SMD missions SEXTANT testbed mitigates NICER risk with Pulse-conditioner Sim control prog unique early hardware tests Silicon Drift Detector X-ray source driver and Time-stamp electronics Modulated X-ray source Simulated Crab Pulsar in the lab 14
15 GXLT: Table-top pulsar nav emulator Goddard XNAV Lab Testbed(GXLT) MXS driver Firmware + Software simulates receiver dynamics and drives MXS hardware Control program Loads different scenarios (receiver orbits, pulsar observation schedule, etc.) for testing 15
16 Summary NICER will deliver high-visibility scienceusing the ISS as a platform Scientific publication rate from the ISS will increase substantially NICER will connect with the American public Pulsar navigation in analogy with GPS will be a significant hook for public interest Pulsar navigation demonstration will be a significant historical event enabled by the ISS 16
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Photos placed in horizontal position with even amount of white space between photos and header Wolter Imaging On Z Chris Bourdon, Manager Z Imaging and Spectroscopy Julia Vogel, LLNL; Ming Wu, SNL ICF