Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences

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1 , April ; Volume 3(2) ISSN No A SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF Oscillatoria SPECIES FROM SONVAD DAM AND DEVBHANE DAM OF DHULE, MAHARASHTRA Jain D S Department of Botany, Gangamai Arts, Commerce and Science College, Nagaon, Dist. Dhule [M.S.] Received July 20, 2014; Revision August 25, 2014; Accepted March 09, 2015 Available Online April 25, 2015 DOI: KEYWORDS Algal flora Oscillatoria Taxonomy Dam Dhule ABSTRACT The present study deals with the taxonomic enumeration of Oscillatoria species from Sonvad project Dam and Devbhane Dam of Dhule district. 19 taxa of Oscillatoria are collected from three station of Sonvad project dam and three station of Devbhane dam of Dhule district. All these taxa are being recorded for the first time from this dam. All the article published by is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License Based on a work at * Corresponding author jaindevendras@rediffmail.com (Jain D S) Peer review under responsibility of Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. Production and Hosting by Horizon Publisher ( All rights reserved.

2 132 Jain 1 Introduction Cyanobacteria are an extremely diverse group of Prokaryotic organisms which make valuable contribution to soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. These have tremendous potential in environment management, as soil conditioners, bio- made by camera Lucida. Identification was done with the aid of relevant monographs and recent literature. (Dixit 1936, Rao 1937, Desikachary 1959, Gonzalves & Kamat 1960, Kamat 1963, Rai & Kumar 1976, Kottawar & Pachpande 1983, Nandan & Patel 1985) The characterization and identification of Oscillatoria sps. was based on taxonomic keys given by fertilizers, bio-monitors of soil fertility, water quality, feed for Desikachary (1959). Systematic accounts, habitat of animals and protein supplements. Oscillatoria have been recorded in the present study. Once the importance of BGA was realized, several taxonomic studies were undertaken by various workers to explore the algal flora from different parts of the country. (Dixit 1936, Rao 1937, Desikachary 1959, Gonzalves & Kamat, 1960, Kamat 1963, Rai & Kumar 1976, Kottawar & Pachpande, 1983, Nandan & Patel 1985). 2 Materials and Methods In present study, two water bodies were selected for taxonomic study of Oscillatoria species. The Sonvad dam is located near the village Dongargaon of Taluka Shindkheda, Dist. Dhule. Geographically Sonvad dam is located at Latitude North and Longitude East. The total land covered under water is 468 ha. In present study three station of Sonvad dam viz. SD-I, SD-II, SD-III were selected for collection of algal samples. Devbhane dam is lies at North Latitude and East Longitude. From this dam three stations were selected viz. DD-I, DD-II, DD-III. Monthly collections of algal samples made for two years. The algal samples were collected in Sunpet Jar about 150 ml capacity. The algal materials preserved immediately in 4% formalin for microscopic observation. Line drawing of different forms of BGA was 3 Results and Discussion Lot of work has already been done on taxonomy of BGA in India and Abroad. But in Maharashtra especially in Dhule district have been ignored by previous worker. The present study reveals the systematic account of Oscillatoria species from Sonvad Dam and Devbhane Dam was recorded for the first time from this dam. 3.1 Oscillatoria acuta Bruhl et Biswas (Pl.1, F.1) Trichomes either solitary or a number of them parallel to each other aggregated in to bundles of moderate size, 4-6 µ thick, µ long, usually quite straight, narrow non-capitate, noncaluptrate apex, which may be straight-but is more often rather abruptly bent aside, cells 3-4µ long, content bluish green, finely granular. O. acuta has been reported from only Devebhane dam station at DD-I Mahajan & Nandan (2007) has been reported this species from Lakes of Jalgaon. Similarly Behere Patil & Deore (2014) has been also reported from Nasik. The description of these species are in fully agree with Oscillatoria acuta, so it is considered as Oscillatoria acuta. However, the cells are slightly different in length. Figure A Map of Maharashtra showing Dhule district, B: Location map of Sonvad dam showing three stations, SD-I, SD-II and SD-III., C: Location map of Devbhane dam showing three stations, DD-I, DD-II and DD-III.

3 A Systematic Account of Oscillatoria Species from Sonvad Dam and Devbhane Dam of Dhule, Maharashtra 133 Scale bars A and B : 10 µm [Scale A : Figure 1,2,3,4,7,9 and Scale B : Figure 5,6,8] 1. Oscillatoria acuta Bruhl et Biswas Orth. Mut. Geiter. 2. Oscillatoria brevis (Kuetz.) Gomont 3. Oscillatoria chutteri nova species Henery Welsh 4. Oscillatoria curviceps Ag. Forma (after Rao, C.B.,loc.cit.) 5. Oscillatoria foreaui Fremy 6. Oscillatoria laete virens Gomont 7. Oscillatoria margaritifera (Kutz.) Gomont 8. Oscillatoria obscura Bruhl et Biswas and 9. Oscillatoria proboscidea Gomont 3.2 Oscillatoria brevis (Kuetz.) Gomont (Pl.1, F.2) Trichome of Oscillatoria brevis are blue-green, straight, not constricted at the cross walls, ends briefly attenuated, more less bent, not capitates, 6.1µ broad, 3.8µ long not granulated at the septa; end-cell rounded, calyptra absent. It has been collected from DD-III station of Devbhane dam. More (2002) was reported this species from Pimpalner and it was very similar to this collection. Furthermore, Galankar & Nandan (2007) reported this species from thermal springs of Maharashtra. The measurements of the species fully match with Oscillatoria brevis (Kuetz.) Gomont so it considered as Oscillatoria brevis.

4 134 Jain Scale bars A and B : 10 µm [Scale A : Figure 3,4,5,6,9 and Scale B: Figure 1,2,7,8,10] 1.Oscillatoria pseudogerminata G. Schmid, 2. Oscillatoria quadripunctulata Bruhl et Biswas 3. Oscillatoria rubescens Dc ex Gomont, 4. Oscillatoria salina Biswas. F.major Desik. 5. Oscillatoria sancta (Kuetz.) Gomont, 6. Oscillatoria splendida Grev. ex Gomont 7. Oscillatoria subbrevis Schmidle, 8. Oscillatoria tenuis Ag. ex Gomont 9. Oscillatoria vizagapatensis Rao, C.B. and 10. Oscillatoria ornata Kuetz. ex Gomont. 3.3 Oscillatoria chutteri nova. species Henery Welsh. (Pl.1, F.3) The filaments of this species are comparatively straight and are densely massed together to form a mucilaginous stratum, color of thallus is very dark green; the trichome is enclosed in a very thin, colorless sheath which is invisible except in the older parts of the stratum. The cells are from 7-8µ wide and from 2.5-5µ long; cell content is very finely granular. The apical cells are more or less conical or sub-conical with thickened apical membrane. It has more or less pronounced subpherical calyptra. This species has been collected from Sonvad dam station (SD-III). Pingale (2007) reported this species from the rivers of Pune district of Maharashtra. The descriptions fully agree with Oscillatoria chutteri nova species Henery Welsh so it is considered as Oscillatoria chutteri. However, the cells are slightly different in length.

5 A Systematic Account of Oscillatoria Species from Sonvad Dam and Devbhane Dam of Dhule, Maharashtra Oscillatoria curviceps Ag. forma (after Rao C.B.) (Pl.1, F.4) Trichomes are more or less straight, dark blue green in colour, the width of the trichome was µ, while the individual cells is 2-4µ long, with straight apices. The species was collected from the Devbhane dam station DD-I. In 2007 this species was reported from thermal springs of Maharashtra by Galankar & Nandan (2007). The measurements of the species fully match with Oscillatoria curviceps Ag.forma (after Rao C.B.) so it considered as Oscillatoria curviceps. 3.5 Oscillatoria foreaui Fremy (Pl.1, F.5) This species was collected from Devbhane dam station ( DD- III) and the trichomes are sparse, elongated, bent or suberect, apex gently curved, distinctly constricted at the cross walls, and 3µ broad, apex not attenuated not capitate; cells ½ as long as broad, protoplasm granular, septa commonly in conspicuous, apical cell obtuse conical, calyptra. Galankar & Nandan (2007) reported this species from thermal springs of Maharashtra. The measurements of the species fully match This species was reported from the both studied dams i.e. Sonvad dam (SD-III) and Devbhane dam station (DD-II). Trichome were yellowish green, straight, slightly constricted at the cross-walls, 4.7µ broad, apices attenuated, 2.7µ long, sometimes granulated at cross walls; end cells not capitate, more or less obtuse, without calyptra. More (2002) was reported this species from Pimpalner dam of Dhule district and was similar to this collection. species from the Pravara River of Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. The description fully agree with Oscillatoria obscura Bruhl et Biswas so it is considered as Oscillatoria obscura. However, the cells are slightly different in length. 3.9 Oscillatoria proboscidea Gomont (Pl.1, F.9) Thallus of the species is dull green to dark blue-green with-, more or less straight, trichomes without-,constriction at the cross-walls. Trichomes of the species are 12-15µ broad and at the ends it is distinctly attenuated, slightly curved or sometimes spirally coiled, brightly blue-green; cells 1/3-1/6 times as long as broad, 2-4µ long, not granulated at the crosswalls, end cells flatly rounded, capitate, with slightly thickened membrane. The habitat of the species was Devbhane dam station (DD-III). More (2002) was reported this species from Pimpalner dam of Dhule district and was similar to this collection Oscillatoria pseudogerminata G.Schmid (Pl.2, F.1) This species was collected from the Sonvad dam station (SDwith Oscillatoria foreaui Fremy so it considered as II). Trichomes of the species are pale blue-green, withoute Oscillatoria foreaui. attenuated at the end of trichome. The width of trichomes was,- 2.2µ broad and the-, cells were long as broad without 3.6 Oscillatoria laete-virens Gomont (Pl.1, F.6) constriction at the cross walls. The cross walls of the trichomes is thick, without granulation and it was rounded at the end of cells rounded but calyptra absent. Deshmukh & Pingale (2005) was reported this species from River Pravara in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. The description fully agrees with Oscillatoria pseudogerminata G. Schmid so it is considered as Oscillatoria pseudogerminata. However, the cells are slightly different in length. 3.7 Oscillatoria margaritifera (Kuetz.) Gomont (Pl.1, F.7) Trichomes have olive-green color, forming blackish thallus, µ broad, fragile, straight, constricted at the cross-walls, apices slightly bent, slightly attenuated; cells 1/3-1/7 as long as broad, µ long, cross-walls granulated, end-cell capitate with slightly convex calyptra. The most common habitat for this species was Devbhane dam station (DD-III). Mahajan & Nandan (2005) was reported this species from Lakes of North Maharashtra Dist. Jalgaon. The description are in fully agreement with Oscillatoria margaritifera (Kuetz) Gomont so it is considered as Oscillatoria margaritifera (Kuetz). Gomont. However, the cells are slightly different in length. 3.8 Oscillatoria obscura Bruhl et Biswas (Pl.1, F.8) Trichomes of the species are blue-green, straight, µm broad, very slightly attenuated at the ends, not constricted at the cross-walls; ends rounded; cells µm long; cell contents homogenous with few granules and gas vacuoles. This was been collected from Devbhane dam station (DD-III). Deshmukh & Pingale (2005) was reported similar type of 3.11 Oscillatoria quadripunctulata Bruhl and Biswas (Pl.2, F.2) Trichomes are curved or nearly straight, closely-associated into a delicate very pale greenish blue membrane, 1.5µ in diameter, cells are 4.4µ long not constricted at the joints, contents minutely granular, transverse walls rather obscure marked by a pair of somewhat larger granules on either side. The species was collected from Sonvad dam station (SD-I). Kumawat & Jawale (2006) was reported this species from fish ponds of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. The descriptions fully agree with Oscillatoria quadripunctulata Bruhl and Biswas. So it is considered as Oscillatoria quadripunctulata. However, the cells are slightly different in length Oscillatoria rubescens Dc ex Gomont (Pl.2, F.3) Trichome are nearly straight, at the ends gradually attenuated, 6-8µ broad, not constricted at the cross-walls, cells ½-1/3 as long as broad, 2-4µ long, often granulated at the septa, with gas-vacuoles; end cell capitate, with convex calyptra. Habitat of the species was Sonvad dam station ( SD-III). Mahajan & Nandan (2007) was reported this species from Lakes of North Maharashtra Dist. Jalgaon. The description fully agree with

6 136 Oscillatoria rubescens Dc ex Gomont so it is considered as Oscillatoria rubescens Dc ex Gomont Oscillatoria salina Biswas F.major Desik. (Pl.2, F.4) Plant mass were forming a deep blue-green thin membrane extending over muddy soil and after separation floating on the water surface. Filaments are straight with single, trichome µ broad, cells shorter than broad, 1.5-2µ long, transverse septa indistinct cell content homogenous blue-green. The species was reported in the sample collected from Devbhane dam station (DD-III). Kumawat & Jawale (2006) was reported this species from fish ponds of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. The description fully agree with Oscillatoria salina Biswas form major Desikachary. So it is considered as Oscillatoria salina Biswas. However, the cells are slightly different in length Oscillatoria sancta (Kuetz.) Gomont (Pl.2, F.5) This species was reported from the sample collected from both the studied dams i.e. Sonvad dam station (SD-III) and Devbhane dam station (DD-III). Thallus are dark blue, shining, thin, trichomes straight or bent, distinctly constricted at the cross-walls; 10-20µ board, cells 1/3-1/6 time as long as broad, Trichome are straight, fragile, slightly constricted at the cross walls, 4.9µ broad, bent at ends, not attenuated at the apices, not capitate; 5.5µ long, end cells more or less hemispherical. The habitat of the species was Sonvad dam station (SD-I). Deshmukh & Pingale (2005) was reported this species from River Pravara in Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra. The description fully agree with Oscillatoria tenuis Ag. ex Gomont, so it is considered as Oscillatoria tenuis Oscillatoria vizagapatensis Rao C.B. (Pl.2, F.9) Trichomes are straight, pale blue-green, uniformly broad except at the extreme apex 7.7µ broad, without constrictions at the cross-walls; cells much shorter than broad, 1.6µ long, contents granular; end cell broadly rounded forming a cap with slightly thickened outer walls. The species was reported in the samples collected from Sonvad dam station (SD-III). Kumawat et al. (2007) was reported this species from Faizpur of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. The description fully agree with Oscillatoria vizagapatensis Rao C.B. Welsh so it is considered as Oscillatoria vizagapatensis Rao C.B. However, the cells are slightly different in length 3.19 Oscillatoria ornata Kuetz. ex Gomont (Pl.2, F.10) 2.5-6µ long, granulated at the cross-walls. End cells trichomes Trichome are spirally coiled at the ends, constricted at the are flattened and hemispherical. In 2002 More has been cross walls, 9-11µ broad, dull blue-green, cells ½-1/6 as long reported this species from Pimpalner dam of Dhule district and as broad, 2-5µ long, cross-walls granulated; apices slightly was similar to this collection. attenuated, end cells rounded. The habitat of this species was Devbhane dam station (DD-III). Kumawat et al. (2007) was 3.15 Oscillatoria splendida Grev. ex Gomont (Pl.2, F.6) reported this species from Faizpur of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. The description fully agree with Oscillatoria Trichome are straight or curved, not constricted at the cross- ornata Kuetz. ex Gomont Welsh so it is considered as walls, 2-3µ broad; cells 2-4 times longer than broad rarely quadrate, 3-9µ long septa often granulated, end more or less bent, sometimes screw-like end cells rounded, mostly without calyptra. The habitat of the species was Devbhane dam station (DD-II). Kumawat et al. (2007) was reported this species from Faizpur of Jalgaon district of Maharashtra. The description fully agree with Oscillatoria splendida Grev. ex Gomont Welsh so it is considered as Oscillatoria splendida. However, the cells are slightly different in length Oscillatoria ornata Kuetz. ex Gomont. However, the cells are slightly different in length. Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. e, Dhule for providing facilities. We are also thankful to Principal Dr. P. N. Patil, GET s Arts, Com. and Science College Nagaon, Dhule for encouragement during this work. References 3.16 Oscillatoria subbervis Schmidle (Pl.2, F.7) Behere Patil KP, Deore LT (2014) Non-heterocyst genus Trichomes are single, 5-6µ broad, nearly straight, not Oscillatoria vaucher, from Nashik and its environs attenuated at the apices; cells are 1-2µ long, not granulated at (Maharashtra) India. International Journal of Bioassays 3 : the cross-walls; end cells rounded, calyptra absent. The species was reported in the samples collected from Sonvad dam station (SD-I). Similar types of species was reported by More (2002) Deshmukh BS, Pingle SD (2005) Freshwater algal diversity of from Pimpalner dam of Dhule district of Maharashtra and was river Pravara in Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. Proceeding similar to this collection. of the National Conference in Plant Diversity and Biotechechnology, Dhule, Maharashtra, India Pp Oscillatoria tenuis Ag. ex Gomont (Pl.2, F.8) Desikachary TV (1959) Cyanophyta. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Monographs on Algae. New Delhi. Jain

7 A Systematic Account of Oscillatoria Species from Sonvad Dam and Devbhane Dam of Dhule, Maharashtra 137 Dixit SC (1936) The myxophyceae of the Bombay presidency, India. I. Proceedings, Plant Sciences 3: Conference in Plant Diversity and Biotechechnology, Dhule, Maharashtra, India pp Galankar VS, Nandan SN (2007) Limnology of algae of Mahajan SR, Nandan SN (2007) Advances in Aquatic certain thermal springs of Maharashtra. Proceedings of Ecology, Vol. 1, Daya publishing House, Delhi Pp National Symposium on Recent Trends in Algal Biotechnology and Biodiversity Pp Gonzalves EA, Kamat ND (1960) The myxophyceae of Karnataka III. Journal Bombay University 28: More YS (2002) Limnological study of Panzara dam and river. Ph.D. Thesis submitted to North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon. Nandan, SN, Patel RJ (1985) Species diversity of algal flora in Kamat ND (1963) The Hydrobiologia 22 : algae of Kolhapur, India. Vishwamitri river Baroda. Poland Archive of Hydrobiologia 32:1-6. Kumawat DA, Jawale AK (2006) The genus Oscillatoria Pingle SD (2007) Chlorophycean and Cyanophycean algae of Vaucher from fish ponds of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra Pune and Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra. Proceedings of (India). Journal Indian Botanical society 85: National Symposium on Recent Trends in Algal Biotechnology and Biodiversity Pp Kumawat DA, Jawale AK, Bhoge ON, Narkhede PN, Patil SS (2007) Algae from household waste of Faizpur district Jalgaon, Rai LC, Kumar HD (1976) Algal growth as a means of Maharashtra. Proceedings of National Symposium on Recent evaluation of nutrient status of effluent of a fertilizer factory Trends in Algal Biotechnology and Biodiversity Pp near Shahpuri, Varanasi. Tropical Ecology 17: Kottawar ST, Pachpande RR (1983) Soil algae of Banana fields of Jalgaon district, Maharashtra. Proceeding All India Applied Phycological Congress, Kanpur Pp Mahajan SR, Nandan SN (2005) Studies on algae of polluted lakes of North Maharashtra. Proceeding of the National Rao CB (1937) The myxophyceae of the Madras Presidency, India. Journal Indian Botanical Society 17: Whitton BA (1969) Seasonal changes in the Phytoplankton of St. Jame s Park lake, London. The London Naturalist 48:14-39.