IES LAURETUM SCIENCE MATTER

Transcription

1 IES LAURETUM SCIENCE NAME MATTER

2 IES LAURETUM SCIENCE NAME MATTER

3 CONTENTS 1. Wh_t is m_tter? 2. Properti_s of matt_r 3. Ma_s 4. T_me 5. Temperatur_ 6. L_ngth 7. Surf_ce area 8. Volum_ 9. Densit_

4 1. What is matter? Everything that takes up space, and has mass is matter. Therefore, everything around us is matter. 2. Properties of matter We can classify the properties of matter into two types: General properties. These are the properties common to all matter: mass, volume and weight Specific properties. These are the characteristics that differentiate one kind of matter from another. They can be used to identify and describe matter. For example: density. The International System of Units To measure matter, many types of units can be used. To compare measurements, however, everyone needs to use the same units. The most common system is the International System of Units. There are some base units and all other units are a combination of these base units. Properties Length Mass Time Temperature Unit metre kilogram second Kelvin m kg s K Symbol

5 3. Mass Mass is the amount of matter in an object. Mass is measured in kilograms(kg). Scales are used to measure mass. Multiples and submultiples of a kilogram: Unit and symbol Equivalent in kg ton (t) 1000 kg kilogram (kg) 1 kg hectogram /hg) 1 hg = 100 g decagram (dag) 1dag=10g gram (g) 1kg = 1000 g decigram (dg) 1 g = 10 dg centigram (cg) 1 g = 100 cg miligram (mg) 1g = 1000 mg ACTIVITES 1. Complete: 50 mg = kg = dg = hg = dag = g 2 dag = dg = kg = mg = g = hg 2. A box of biscuits weighing 1 kg costs 3. A box weighing 250 g costs 1. Read and calculate: The 1 kg box of biscuits is times bigger than 250 g box. How much Money do you save if you buy the big box?

6 4. Time Everyone is aware of the passing of time. Time is used to measure the passing of events. In the International System of Units, time is measured in seconds (s). The following units are also used to measure time : 1 minute (min) = 60 s 1 hour (h) = 60 min 1 day (d) = 24 h 5. Temperature It s used to measure the thermal state of matter.this measurement is related to the speed of particles in matter. More speed equals more temperature. Thermometers are used to measure the temperature of matter. In the International System of Units, the kelvin (K) is the unit for temperature. Another unit, degrees Celsius (ºC) is used frequently. Some countries like the United States of America and Great Britain use another measurement called Fahrenheit (ºF). ACTIVITIES 1. Complete : 60 seconds = 1 1h = min days = 1 year 1 =24 h 1 = 100 years = 1 week 2. How many things can you list related to measuring time? Example : class duration. 3. Where do the names Fahrenheit, Celsius and Kelvin come from?

7 6. Length Length is the distance between two points. It is a base unit in the International System of Units. Length is measured in metres. Multiples and submultiples of a metre: Unit and symbol Kilometre (km) Equivalent 1 km= 1000 m Hectometre (hm) 1 hm = 100 m Decametre (dam) 1 dam = 10 m Metre (m) 1m Decimetre (dm) 1 m = 10 dm Centimetre (cm) 1 m = 100 cm Milimetre (mm) 1 m = 1000 mm ACTIVITIES 1. Which multiples and submultiples of the metre would tou use to calculate the folloging measurements? a. The distance between two towns. b. The diameter of the head of a nail. c. The length of tour pen. d. The length of the classroom. 2. Measure the folloging things and give the result using the correct unit de measurement (I.S.) a. Length of your pen. b. Length of your book. c. Your height. d. Length of the classroom.

8 7. Surface Area Surface area is the space occupied by the length and width of an object. It is a unit derived from length. In the International System of Units, surface is measured in square metres (m2) Multiples and submultiples of a square metre: Unit name Equivalent Square kilometre( km2) 1 km2 =106 m2 Square hectometre (hm2) 1 hm2 = 104m2 Square decametre (dam2) 1 dam2 =102m2 Square metre (m2) 1m2 Square decimetre(dm2) 1 m2 =102 dm2 Square centimetre (cm2) 1m2 =104cm2 Square milimetre (mm2) 1m2 =106 mm2 ACTIVITIES 1. Measure the surface of a piece of paper an give the result in cm2,m2, dam2 and mm2. 2. Give the folloging measurements in : 320 mm2 = cm2 = dam2 3.5 m2 = km2 = cm hm2 = dm2 = km2

9 8. Volume The volume of a solid is the amount of space it occupies. It is a derived unit from length. Volume is measured in cubic metres (m3). To measure the volume of : Regular geometric solids, use the corresponding mathematical formula:for example, to find the volume of a box, multiply the base ( length x width ) by the height. Irregular-shaped solids, use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume. Submerge the body in water, then measure the amount of water displaced. Liquids, use a measuring cylinder to measure the volume. The volume of a liquid can be calculated by measuing the capacity of its container. Capacity is measured in litres (L). 1 L= 1 dm3 Gases, like liquids but using a measuring cylinder filled with water. Unit and symbol Equivalence cubic kilometre (km3) 109 m3 cubic hectometre (hm3) 106 m3 cubic decametre (dam3) 103 m3 cubic metre (m3) 1 m3 cubic decimetre (dm3) 10-3 m3 cubic centimetre (cm3) 10-6 m3 cubic milimetre (mm3) 10-9 m3

10 9. Density Density is the relationship between the mass and the volume of a body, that s is, how concentrated the mass is in a specific volume. Density is measured in kg/m3 or g/cm3.. The relationship between mass and volume : The greater the mass, is the greader the density The greader the volume is, the smaller the density. Density is a specifc property of matter. It helps differentiate one substance from another. Density = Mass / Volume ACTIVITIES 1. Look at the density diagram and write down the name (or names) of: a. a liquid that is less dense than water b. one solidsthat is more dense than steel c. a gas whith a low density d. a liquid which would have a mass of 2000 kg if you had 2 cubic metres of it. substance Density (kg/m3) air 1.3 wood 750 petrol 800 water 1000 aluminium 2700 steel 7800 lead 11300

11 DEFINITIONS Connect each term with the right definition. Mass Volume Density Mass divided by volume Total space occupied by a body Amount of matter in a body UNITS Chose the right unit for every property. Mass Volume Density millilitres grams grams/millilitres TOOLS Draw a picture of each tool. Balance Graduate cylinder Beaker

12 EXPERIMENTS Fill in the text using the words from the box. Balance Air Side Water Volume Balloon Geometric cylinder Read Beaker Liquid MEASURING THE MASS SOLID To measure the mass of a solid object we place the object on the... LIQUID To measure the mass of a liquid substance: We place a... on the balance We zero the balance We pour the... in the beaker. We read the mass. GAS We can measure the mass of the air in a balloon: Place an un-inflated... on the balance. Read the mass of the balloon without... (m 1) Place the inflated balloon on the the result (m2) Calculate the mass. (m = m2-m1)

13 MEASURING VOLUME LIQUID To determine the volume of a liquid we use the... SOLID WITH GEOMETRICAL SHAPE To calculate the volume of a solid with geometrical shape we use a mathematical formula. Volume = side x... x side SOLID WITH NON-GEOMETRICAL SHAPE To determine the volume of a non geometrical solid object: We fill the... with... We read the... (V1) We put the object into the graduated cylinder with water. We read the new volume. (V2) We calculate the volume. V = V 2 V1 MEASURING DENSITY Density = mass / volume

14 RESULTS MASS OF THE SOLID MASS OF THE LIQUID MASS OF THE GAS VOLUME OF THE SOLID WITH GEOMETRICAL SHAPE VOLUME OF THE SOLID WITH NON-GEOMETRICAL SHAPE VOLUME OF THE LIQUID DENSITY OF THE SOLID DENSITY OF THE LIQUID

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16 Revision 2

17 Glossary English Matter Spanish