Heritability and Heterosis of Agronomic Traits in Rice Lines

Transcription

1 International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences Available online at IJFAS Journal / / January, ISSN IJFAS Heritability and Heterosis of Agronomic Traits in Rice Lines Ammar Gholizadeh ghara, Ghorbanali Nematzadeh, Nadali Bagheri Morteza Oladi and Asghar Bagheri Genetic & Agricultural Biotechnology Ititute of Tabarestan senior expert Department of Agronomy and Breeding, Genetics and Agricultural Biotechnology Ititute of Tabarestan Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran Corresponding author: Ammar Gholizadeh ghara ABSTRACT: Study of Heritability and heterosis were conducted on F hybrids along with rice genotypes ( cytoplasmic male sterile lines and restorer varieties) to know the pattern of inheritance of some morphological traits for selecting superior genotypes. The experiment was carried out according to line x tester mating design, during. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among genotypes, crosses, lines, testers and line x tester interactio for tiller number, plant height, days to, panicle length, number of spikelet per panicle, spikelet fertility and grain yield traits. Variances of SCA were higher than the GCA variances for traits which indicated predominance of nonadditive gene action in the inheritance of the traits. The highest broad see heritability (Hb) was observed for height ( ). The highest heterosis ( ) was observed in cross Amol A IRfollowed by other eight crosses for yield and most of its related traits. Keywords: Heritability, Heterosis, Hybrid, Line Tester and Rice INTRODUCTION Rice is one of the most important crop plants in the world and is the main nutritional staple food for approximately of the world s population Therefore, increasing its productivity is of high importance in breeding programs. Reduced plant height, oderate tillering, large and compact panicles, increased kernel number per panicle, increased thousand kernel weight and higher yield are the most important rice characters to be improved in breeding programs (Mackill and Lei, ; Miller et al., ; Nemoto et al., ; Paterson et al., ; Wayne & Dilday, ). Since some rice hybrids show heterosis, it subsequently result to production yields which is to higher than inbred varieties (Yuan ; Fujimura et al., ), and finding a better cross combination is of high importance. Line tester analysis is used to evaluate the general and specific combining ability of various lines and to estimate gene effects and it is useful in deciding the relative ability of female and male lines to produce desirable hybrid combinatio (Kempthorne, ). It also provides information on genetic components and enables the breeders to choose appropriate breeding methods for hybrid variety or cultivar development programs. The nature and magnitude of gene action involved in expression of quantitative traits is important for successful development of crop varieties (Pradhan et al., ). Several workers reported the predominance of dominant gene action for a majority of the yield traits while Vijay Kumar et al., ( ) reported the predominance of additive gene action. Preponderance of nonadditive gene action in the expression of yield and yieldrelated traits was reported by (Pradhan et al., ; Ganeshan et al., ); (amalingam et al., ); (Ganesan and Rangaswamy, ) and (Thirumeni et al., ). (Wu et al.,

2 Intl J Farm & Alli Sci. Vol., ( ):, ). (Ahmadikhah, ) reported highest specific heritability (~ ) for kernel weight and obtained a low specific heritability (~ ) for grain yield. (Swati and Ramesh, ) reported high heritability for grain yield and moderate heritability for flag leaf area and plant height. (Saleem et al., ) noted high specific heritability and high genetic advance in respoe to selection in next generation for all the studied traits. In this paper an attempt were to study the heritability and for the exploitation of maximum heterosis or hybrid vigor in F hybrids for tiller number, plant height, days to, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility and grain yield traits. MATERIALS AND METHODS materials The experimental materials comprised fifteen rice genotypes, five genotypes (NedaA, NematA, DashtA, ChampaA and Amol A) were used as females (designated as lines) and ten genotypes (Rashtisard, Pajohesh, Rashti, IR, Binam, Salari, Abjiboji, Ahlamitarom and Hasaarai) designated as testers were used as males. These parents were crossed to produce F hybrids according to line x tester mating design (Kempthorne ). This study was conducted in years at Research Field of Genetic & Agricultural Biotechnology Ititute of Tabarestan. Seedlings of each entry were traplanted at x cm spacing in a randomized complete block design with three replicatio. In this study seven traits includes tiller number per hill, plant height, days to, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, spikelet fertility percentage and grain yield per plants (gr) were evaluated based on standard evaluation system rice (Scshu, ). Statistical analysis Data were recorded on ten randomly selected plants from parents and F s plant samples. Heterosis was estimated from mean values according to (Fehr, ) and ttest was performed. Combining ability analysis was done using line x tester method (Kempthorne, ). broadsee heritability (h b ) and narrowsee heritability (h n ) were also estimated according to Falconar & Mackey ( ).Midparent heterosis (Ht) and highparent heterosis (Htb) or heterobeltiosis were determined as outlined by (Falconar and Mackay, ). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Combining ability analysis Analysis of variance of combining ability revealed significant differences among genotypes, crosses, lines, testers and line x tester interactio. The significant differences among the lines, testers and lines testers indicated that the genotypes had wide genetic diversity among themselves for all traits (Table ). The significance of the mea of squares due to lines and testers indicated a prevalence of additive variance. However, significant differences due to interactio of line x tester for all the characters, indicating the importance of both additive and nonadditive variance. Variances of SCA were higher than the GCA variances for these characters which indicated preponderance of nonadditive gene action in the inheritance of the traits. This was further supported by low magnitude of MS gca/ms sca ratios (Table ). It suggested greater importance of nonadditive gene action in its expression and indicated very good prospect for the exploitation of nonadditive genetic variation for traits through hybrid breeding (Ramalingam, ; Annadurai and Nadarajan, ). Evaluation Heritability According to the table, the highest general heritability (h b ) was obtained for plant height ( ), indicating slight effects of environment on the trait ( ). However, above h b was obtained for the remaining traits, indicating that the environment had relatively large effects on these traits (Pradhan et al., ; Saleem et al., ). In all cases, a low specific heritability (h n ) was obtained (low then ), although the highest specific heritability was calculated for per plants ( ), again indicating that nonadditive effects play an important role in controlling the (traits. Ahmadikhah, ) also reported a low specific heritability for yieldrelated (traits and Wu et al., ) reported a low specific

3 Intl J Farm & Alli Sci. Vol., ( ):, heritability for tiller number and grain yield. Therefore, it seems that hybridization must be a choice for utilizing the putative heterosis in special crosses. Also estimated ΔG for traits showed that ability to improve for most traits existed, therefore can to obtain suitable lines to useful yield. Evaluation of heterosis According to the table of Ht and estimation Htb showed that being native paternal parent except parent IR was used as restorer reminds parent not useful. Of course this subject refers to alleles exist in local varieties that leading to expression restorer gene in intermediate conditio. Therefore, the best conditio based on the calculation of Htb and Ht, Was related to IR parent that in all crosses that to CMS lines (Neda A, Nemat A, Dasht A, Champa A and Amol A) has be present. Further amoung this cross Amol A IR (Ht=, Htb = ) highest heterosis was showed for yield grain and spikelet fertility traits. Rome parent only one in cross was showed (Rome Champa A) for panicle length trait Ht positive and significant and Htb positive but not significant manifesting partial dominant type of is gene action. Results (Vanaja and Babu, ; Verma et al., ). Negative heterosis for plant height is desirable for breeding short statured hybrids and varieties. The parental parents Rashti, Rashti sard, Binam, Salari, Abjiboji, Ahlmitarom and Hasaarai for in all crosses who participated in it only for the length spikelet, Ht and Htb positive significant heterosis were desirable, therefore Over dominant type of gene action was suggested for them. Similar results were obtained by (Gnaekaran et al., ). In most crosses Pajohesh parent participate for yield traits of ht and htb had negative heterosis but significant (Neda A Pajohesh, Nemat A Pajohesh and Dasht A Pajohesh). But, for hybrids (ChampaA Pajohesh) panicle length Ht and Htb indicated significantly positive therefore Overdominant type of gene action was suggested for it. In examining the two lines with three testers and progenies of them, along with five genotypes of parents to yield results showed that the highest amount of heterosis in crosses DM DM exists (Rashid et al., ). In examining the two lines with three testers and progenies of them, along with five genotypes of parents to yield results showed that the highest amount of heterosis in crosses DM DM exists. (Rashid et al., ; Watanesk, ; Rao et al., ; Li et al., ; Perera et al., ;Nuruzzaman et al., ) found high heterosis for grain yield and its components in rice. Table. Analysis of variance for combining ability effects of different traits in rice Sources of variation Replication Genotypes Parents (p) P vs C Crosses (c) Lines Testers L x T Error σ gca σ sca σ gca / σ sca Cv(%) df Tiller number height MS Days to length Number of spikelets per panicle Spikelet fertility (%) per plants (gr)

4 Intl J Farm & Alli Sci. Vol., ( ):, parameter h b(%) h n(%) ΔG tiller number Table. Estimated Heritability and advance genetic traits in cross line tester Height days to Length number of spikelets per panicle spikelet fertility (%) h b= broad see, h n= narrow see and ΔG(genetic advance)=khb(vp), K= per plants (gr) Table. Hetrosis (Ht) and hetrobeltiosis (Htb) estimates (%) in rice crosses crosses Tiller number height days to Length Number of Spikelets per panicle Spikelet fertility(%) per plants Ht Htb Ht Htb Ht Htb Ht Htb Ht Htb Ht Htb Ht Htb SE and Hetrosis (Ht) and Hetrobeltiosis (Htb) estimate significantly different from zero at p = and, respectively, based on an TTest

5 Intl J Farm & Alli Sci. Vol., ( ):, REFERENCES Ahmadikhah A.. Estimation of heritability and heterosis of some agronomic traits and combining ability of rice lines using line tester method. Elect. J. Crop Prod. :. Annadurai A, Nadarajan, N.. Combining ability for yield component and physiological traits in hybrid rice. Madras Agric. J., :. Falconar DS, Mackay TFC.. Introduction to Quantitative Genetics. Chapman and Hall. London,U.K. Fehr WR,. Heterosis In: Principles of cultivar development: Theory and Techniques (Vol. ). Macmillan Publishing Company. New York, pp:. Fujimura T, Akagi H, Oka M, Nakamura A, Sawada R.. Establishment of a rice protoplast culture and application of an asymmetric protoplast fusion technique to hybrid rice breeding. Tissue Cult. Lett. :. Ganesan, K, Manual, WW, Vivekanandan P, Pillai MA.. Combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression for quantitative traits in rice. Oryza, :. Ganesan, KN, Rangasamy, M.. Combining ability studies in rice hybrids involving wild abortive (WA) and Oryza perennis sources of CMS lines. Oryza, :. Gnaekaran M, Vivekanandan P, Muthuramu S.. Combining ability and heterosis for yield and grain quality in two line rice (Oryza sativa L.) hybrids. Indian. J. Genet., :. KempthorneO.. An introduction to genetic statistics. John Wiley and So, Inc., New York. pp.. Kumar A, Singh N, Chaudhory VK.. Line tester analysis for grain yield and related characters in rice. Madras Agric. J.. Li ZKS, Pion RM, Paterson AH, Park WD, Stael JW.. Genetics of hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown in an intersubspecific rice (Oryza sativa L.) population. Genetics, :. Mackill DJ, Lei XM.. Genetic variation for traits related to temperate adaptation of rice cultivars. Crop Sci. :. Miller BC, Foin TC, Hill JE,. CARICE: a rice model for scheduling and evaluating management actio. Agron. J. :. Nemoto K, Morita S, Baba T.. Shoot and root development in rice related to the phyllochron. Crop Sci. :. Nuruzzamman M, Alam MF, Ahmed MG, Shohad AM, Biswas MK, Amin MR, Hossain MM,. Studies on parental variability and eterosis in rice. Pakisstan Journal of Biological Sciences,. Paterson AH, Freeling M, Sasaki T.. Grai of knowledge:genomics of model cereals. Genome Res. :. Peng JY, Virmani SS.. Combining ability for yield and four related traits in relation to breeding in rice. Oryza, :. Peng JY, Virmani, SS.. Combining ability for yield and four related traits in relation to breeding in rice. Oryza, :. Perera AL, Senadhira TD, Lawrence MJ., Genetic analysis of heterosis in rice. Pradhan SK, Boss LK, Meher J.. Studies on gene action and combining ability analysis in Basmati rice. Journal of Centeral European Agriculture, Vol. :. Radish M, Cheema AA, Ashraf M,. Line x tester analysis in basmati rice. Pak. J. Bot., :. Ramalingam J, Nadarajan N, Vanniyarajan C, Rangasamy P.. Combining ability studies involving cms lines in rice. Oryza,, P.. Ramalingan J, Virekanaudan P, Vamiarajan C.. Combining ability analysis in lowland early rice. Crop Res. :. Rao AM, Ramesh S, Kulkarni RS, Savithramma DL, Madhusudhan K,. Heterosis and combining ability in rice. Crop Imp., :. Saleem MY, Mirza JI, Haq MA,. Heritability, genetic advance and Heterosis. In Line x Tester crosses of basmati rice. J. Agric. Res., :. Saleem MY, Mirza JI, Haq, MA,. Combining ability analysis for yield and related traits in Basmati rice (Oryza sativa ). Pak. J. Bot. :. Satyanarayana PV, Reddy MS, Kumar I, Madhuri J,. Combining ability studies on yield and yield components in rice. Oryza, :. Scshu DV,. Standard evaluation system for rice. The International Rice esting Program. The International Rice Research Ititute. Los Banos. Philippines. pp.. Swati PG, Ramesh BR,. The nature and divergence in relation to yield traits in rice germplasm. Annals Agric. Res. :. Thirumeni S, Subramanian M, Paramasivam K,. Combining ability and gene action in rice. Trop. Agric. Res. :. Vanaja T, Babu LC,. Heterosis for yield and yield components in rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Trop.Agri., :. Verma OP, Shanthi US, Srivastava HK,. Heterosis and inbreeding depression for yield and certain physiological traits in hybrids involving diverse ecosystem of rice (Oryza sativa L.). J. Genet. Breed, :. Vijay Kumar, SB., Kulkarni, RS., Murty, N. ( ): Line tester analysis for combining ability in ratooned F rice. Oryza, :. Watanesk O,. Heterosis and combining ability evaluation of cytoplasmic male sterile (A) lines and restorer (R) lines. Int. Rice Res. Not., :. Wayne SC, Dilday RH,. Rice: Origin, History, Technology, and Production. Wiley Series in Crop Science, John Wiley & So, Inc. p.. Wu ST, Hsu TH, FS Theeng,. Effect of selection on hybrid rice populatio in the first crop season and at different locatio. II.Corelatio and heritability values for agronomic characters in the F. J. Agric. Forest. :. Yuan LP,. Increasing yield potential in rice by exploitation of heterosis. In: Virmanni SS (ed) Hybrid rice technology. New developments and future prospects. IRRI, Manila, Philippines, p..