GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA (L) CZERNS & COSS]

Transcription

1 Agric. Sci. Digest., 34 (3) : , 2014 doi: / AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE GENETIC VARIABILITY AND CHARACTER ASSOCIATION IN INDIAN MUSTARD [BRASSICA JUNCEA (L) CZERNS & COSS] Devmani Bind*, Dhirendra Singh and V.K. Dwivedi Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Janta Vedic College Baraut, Baghpat , India Received: Accepted: ABSTRACT Genetic variability, interrelationship and genetic divergence in thirty indigenous collections of Indian mustard was studied in order to identify desirable genotypes on per seperformance and to select promising donors to be used in breeding programme during rabi Data were recorded on fourteen different quantitative characters.significant differences were observed for all the traits among the genotypes. Genetic variability was found maximum for biological yield per plant and minimum for days to maturity as reflected by genotypic coefficient of variation. Heritability estimate in broad sense were high for 1000 seed weight, day to maturity, day to flowering, plant height and main shoot length. Genetic advance as percent over mean was high for biological yield per plant, 1000 seed weight, yield per plant, umber. Of secondary branches and main shoot length. All the characters showed positive correlation with seed yield per plant both at phenotypic and genotypic levels except days to 50% flowering and days to maturity. The path coefficient analysis at genotypic level revealed that biological yield per plant had the highest direct positive effect on seed yield per plant followed by harvest index, 1000seed weight, no of seeds per siliqua and no. of primary branches. Highest negative direct effect on seed yield per plant was observed for plant height at phenotypic level. Key Words: Brassica Juncea, GCV and PCV, Genetic variability, Mustard. INTRODUCTION Indian mustard [ Brassi ca j uncea(l.) Czern&Coss] is an important rabi oil seed crop of India. Brassica is the world s second important oil seed. Because of its ability to germinate and grow at low temperature the oil seed Brassica can be grown in the colder agricultural regions at higher elevations as well as winter crops in the temperate zones. Brassica family Brassicaceae, rapeseed and mustard are mostly grown for oil. Edible oil is one of the most important products of various species of Brassica. The meal cake after extraction of the oil from the seed contains per cent protein which could be exploited as raw material for the manufacture of protein rich products intended for both animal and human consumption. In rapeseed-mustard group, rapeseed is compri sed of three ecotypes of Brassi ca junceacampestris i.e. yellow sarson, brown sarson and toria. Mustard (Brassicajuncea) commonly known asrai, raya and lahaetc. is predominantly (85-90%) grown as oilseed crop in most parts of the country.in India, rapeseed-mustard crops accounted for 29.1 percent of the total oilseeds production and 26.1 percent of the total oilseed area during Globally, India accounts for 26.5 percent and 16.6 percent of the total hectarage and production of rapeseed-mustard, respectively (Anonymous 2007). Because of shortage of oilseed in the country, India is importing oil from different parts of the world. The major objective of the present day breeding programmes therefore, should be higher productivity and greater yield stability. Since Brassica crop in general gives lower yields than cereals, it has lead people to believe that Brassica crop may have a lower genetic potential. The * Corresponding Author s devmani.bind@gmail.com and Address: Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi

2 184 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST- A Research Journal available evidence, however, indicated that the Brassica crop has a high or even higher genetic potential for yield as compared to cereals (Jain, 1975). In Brassica genetic diversity is the basic requirement for its further genetic improvement. Variation not only provides a basis for selection but also some valuable information regarding selection of diverse parents to be used in hybridization programme. Breeding for high seed yield and other economic characters is a very important objective in any crop improvement programme. Yield is a complex character dependent on a number of other characters. Improvement for yield thus depends on the magnitude of genetic variability of different quantitative characters. Hence measurement, evaluation and manipulation of genetic variability for yield is needed for overall yield improvement. This study thus focuses on studying genetic variation for different component traits and their associations for enhancing the plant yield. MATERIALS AND METHODS The experiment for the present investigation consisted of 30 germplasm of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern& Coss] which were collected from NBPGR New Delhi. The material was grown in(rbd) randomized block design with 3 replications, during The trial was conducted at the Oilseed Research farm ofjanta Vedic College Baraut, Baghpat (UP).The length of the rows was kept 2.5 meter with a spacing 45cm between the rows and 15cm between the plants.all the cultural practices were followed to raise a good crop. Five competitive plants were randomly selected from each entry in each replication and were tagged for recording detailed field and laboratory observations. Data were recorded on these randomly selected plant on the following characters:days to 50percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height(cm), number of primary branches per plant, number of secondary branches per plant, main shoot height (cm), number of siliqua on main shoot, length of siliqua (cm), number of seed per siliqua,seed yield per plant(g), biological yield per plant(g), harvest index(%), 1000seed weight(g) andoil content (%).Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as a per cent of mean were calculated as per Allard TABLE 1: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) for fourteen characters in thirty genotypes in Indian mustard *Significant at 5% level, ** significant at 1% level

3 (1960). Various genetic parameters were estimated as per standard procedure. Correlation coefficient (Johnson et al. 1955) and path coefficients (Dewey and Lu,1959) were also calculated. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters, indicating presence of wide spectrum of variability (Table no.1).estimates of genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation showed similar trend for the respective traits (Table 2). Vol. 34, No. 3, 2014 TABLE 2: Estimate of mean range genotypic & phenotypic coefficient of variation, heratibility and genetic advance for fourteen characters in thirty genotypes of Indian mustard. Characters Mean Range GCV PCV Heritability Genetic Percentage Advance Genetic Advance over mean Days to 50 % flowering Days to maturity Plant height (cm) No. of Primary branches/pl No. of sec. Branches/plant Main shoot height (cm) No. of siliq. on main shoot Length of siliqua (cm) No. of seeds/siliqua Seed yield/plant (g) Biological yield/plant (g) Harvest index (%) seed weight (g) Oil content (%) Maximum and mi nimum differences between GCV and PCV were observed for days to maturity and number of primary branches indicating the influence of environment for these traits, respectively. GCV along with heritability estimate gave the precise picture of genetic gain to be exploited through selection as suggested by Burton (1952).High values of GCV coupled with heritability were observed for length of main shoot, seed yield and day to maturity (Table 2) suggesting that additive gene action might play major role in the expression of these characters and selection would be rewarding in further improvement of these characters. High value of heritability and moderate genetic advance for days to 50% lowering indicated that improvement in this trait could be done through selection to some extent. In rest of the characters improvement is not possible through selection.this may be due to nonadditive gene action which matched with the finding of Prasad et al.(2001),swarnker et al.(2002)and Singh et al.(2002). Correlation coefficient analysis (Table no. 3), revealed that seed yield had significant positive association with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity,plant height, length of shoot,number of siliquae on main shoot and 1000-seed weight at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Seed yield also exhibited positive and significant correlation with oil content at genotypic and phenotypic level. Seed yield per plant had positive and significant correlation with days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, length of main shoot and number of siliquae on main shoot, indicating that these are the major yield attributing traits. Selection would be helpful in simultaneous improvement in these traits for yield improvement of Indian mustard. Rest of the characters with significant correlation could be improved independently without affecting others. It is clear from the association that when maturity duration increases number of primary branches, plant height and length of main shoot would also increase possessing higher number of siliqae with bolder and more seeds per plant resulting in higher yield. Path coefficient analysis (Table no. 4) revealed that number of siliquae on main shoot had maximum direct effect on seed yield at genotypic

4 186 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST- A Research Journal TABLE 3. Genotypic and Phenotypic correlation coefficient for fourteen characters in thirty genotypes of Indian mustard *Significant at 5% level; ** significant at 1% level

5 Residual effect G = , P= *Significant at 5%, **significant at 1% level TABLE 4: Genotypic and Penotypic path coefficient analysis for fourteen character in thirteen genotypes in indian mustard. Vol. 34, No. 3,

6 188 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST- A Research Journal level. This is also supported by the fact that indirect effects of days to 50%flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of siliquae on main shoot, length of main shoot, 1000-seed weight and percent oil content.these traits were found highly significant at genotypic level seed weight was second best in its direct effect due to indirect effects of number of siliquae on main shoot, number of secondary branches, plant height and oil content. Traits such as days to maturity, number of primary branches and length of main shoot had negative direct effects on seed yield. Considering the results of path analysis it can be inferred that 1000-seed weight, number of siliquae on main shoot, plant height, number of secondary branches and oil content directly increase the seed yield of Indian mustard. At phenotypic level seed yield per plant was REFERENCES found positive and having high significant correlation for days to 50%flowering, days to maturity, plant height, length of main shoot, number of siliqae on main shoot. Similar finding were reported earlier by Singh et al.(2003), Singh et al.(2003) and Singh et al.(2009). The genotypes identified on the basis of variability for different traits can be further utilized in breeding programs for improvement of Indian brassica. Similarly the inferences drawn in present study may be utilized in other brassica populations. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are highty thankful to Dr. Y.S. Tomar, (Principal) Janta Vedic College Baraut, Baghpat (UP), for his co- operation during the field and laboratory work, for providing all the facilities,encouragement and help in different ways. Anonymous (2007) Vision Perspective Plan of National Research Centre on RapeseedMustard. NRCRM, Bharatpur, pp 46. Allard RW (1960) Principals of plant breeding, John Wiley and sons, New York. Arunachalam V (1981). Genetic distance in plant breeding, Indian J Genet. 41: Dewey,O.R.and Lu,KH1959. Correlation and path coefficient analysis of component of creasted wheat grass seed production s J Agron 57: Ghosh,S.K. and Gulati, S.C.2001.Genetic variability and association of yield components in Indian mustard.crop Research Hissar 21: Jonhson, H.W.,Robinson,H.F.and Comstock,R.E Genotypic and phenotypic correlationin soyabean and their i mplication.j Agron 47: Kumar S and Mishra M N (2006)- Genetic variation and association analysis in Indian Mustered (BrarsicaJunea (L.) (Czern&Coss- and BrarsicaCompestris L. Variety Toria. z Crop Res. 31(3): Mahalanobis PC (1936). On the generalized distance in statistic Proc. Nat J Intel Sci, India 2: Mishra AP, Mishra AK and Mishra Sweta (2007).Classification for core collection of Rapseed-Mustered (Brassica juncea L.)Germplasm J. Plant. Resour. 20(2): Murphy BR, Aruanachalam V (1966). The nature of genetic divergence in relation to plant breeding system to crop plants.indian J Genet 26A: Nair B and Charjan SU (2003)- Path analysis in Mustered (BrarsicaJunea (L.)(Czern&Coss. J Soil & Crops 13(1): Patel, R Bhajan, R and Verma O.P (2000)- Seed yield determinats Indian Mustered (Brassica Juncea ( L.) Czern& Coss.Cruciferae Newsletter, 21: Prasad, L. Singh, M and Dixit R.K. (2001)- Analysis of heritability and genetic advance in Indian Mustered (BrarsicaJunea (L.) (Czern& Coss. Advances in Plant Sci. 14(2): Rai S.K. Verma, A Pndey D (2005) Genetic variability and character analysis in Indian Mustered (BrarsicaJunea (L.) (Czern& Coss. Ann Agri. Bio Res 10(1): Roo CR (1952). Advanced statistical methods in Biometrical Research. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York Singh,Mahak, Srivastava, R.L. Prasad,Lata and Dixit,R.K Studies on heritability and genetic advance in Indian mustard (B.juncea)J. Advanced PI Science 16: Swarnkar G.B., Singh M Prasad and lallu (2002) Analysis of heritability and genetic advance in relation to yields and its contributing traits in Indian Mustered (BrarsicaJunea (L.) (Czern& Coss. Plant Archivies 2(2):