EXTENT OF HETEROTIC EFFECTS FOR SEED YIELD AND COMPONENT CHARACTERS IN CASTOR (RICINUS COMMUNIS L.) UNDER SEMI RABI CONDITION

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1 Indian J. Agric. Res.., 47 (4) : , 2013 AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE / indianjournals.com EXTENT OF HETEROTIC EFFECTS FOR SEED YIELD AND COMPONENT CHARACTERS IN CASTOR (RICINUS COMMUNIS L.) UNDER SEMI RABI CONDITION Alpesh R. Patel, K.V. Patel* and J.A. Patel Regional Research Station, College of Agricultural Information Technology, AAU, Anand , India Received: Accepted: ABSTRACT Experimental material comprised of 4 pistillate lines, 12 inbred lines with their 48 hybrids and one check hybrid GCH-7 was evaluated under semi rabi condition of middle Gujarat. The heterobeltiosis was negative for days to 50% flowering and days to 50% maturity of, height up to and number of nodes up to, test weight of 100 seeds and oil content (%). Whereas, the estimates of heterobeltiosis were positive for seed yield per, number of capsules per. For the characters length of, number of secondary spikes, number of tertiary spikes, number of effective branches per and number of capsules per depicted heterotic effect on both the directions. The crosses VP 1 DCS 47, Geeta SH 41, SKP 84 X DCS 47, Geeta SKI 270 and SKP 24 DCS 47 were found as promising hybrids for seed yield. Seed yield is a cumulative effect of positive and negative effects of component characters. None of the promising hybrids was consistence for all the component characters. Key words: Castor, Heterobeltiosis, Hybrid, Inbred. INTRODUCTION In Castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an important non-edible oil seed crop of the arid and semi-arid regions of world. It is sexually polymorphic species with different sex form viz., monocious, pistillate and pistillate with interspersed staminate flower (IFS) and hermaphrodite. In Middle Gujarat the castor crop is grown as semi-rabi crop to avoid havoc rain falls and to control vegetative growth of the crop. The phenomenon of heterosis breeding has proved to be the most important genetic tool in enhancing yield of cross pollinated species in general, and castor in particular with the availability of first pistillate lines i.e. TSP 10 R. The highest productivity of castor crop in Gujarat is mainly because of wide spread adaption of castor hybri ds, and recommended crop production technologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS An experimental material consisted of four pistillate lines, twelve inbreeds, their 48 hybrids and one check hybrid (GCH 7) was grown in randomized complete block design with three replications. An * Corresponding author s experimental unit was represented by single row of 7.2 m length, and inter and intra row distances were maintained as 120 cm and 60 cm, respectively. The experiment was sown at Regional Research Station, AAU, Anand on 4 th September of the year 2007, i.e. normal crop sowing period in Middle Gujarat with two irrigation at critical stages i.e., (i) flowering and (ii) seed kernel development. The observations on five randomly selected competi tive s were recorded for four developmental characters, six yield contributing characters, seed yield and oil content (Table-1). Mean value of different treatments were subjected for estimation of heterotic effects. The heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were estimated as per Fonseca and Patterson (1968) and Meredith and Bridge (1972), respectively. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The mean square (Table 1) due to genotypes was significant for all the characters under study indicating presence of sufficient variability in the

2 Vol. 47, No. 4, Source df TABLE 1a: Analysis of variance for different characters of castor. Days to 50% flowering Days to 50% maturity of Plant height up to primary spike nodes up to Effective length of secondary spikes per tertiary spikes per Replications Genotypes * * * * ** 20.28** * * 13.54** 9.79** Parents * * * * ** 28.85** * * 25.54** 21.45* * Lines * * * * ** 22.98** * * 71.98** 38.68* * Testers * * * * ** 31.87** * * 15.12** 17.79* * Lines Vs Testers ** 26.69** ** 13.20** * 10.03* * Hybrids * * * * ** 17.00** * * 10.00** 6.26** Parents Vs Hybrids * * ** ** ** Error material (studied). The significance of mean square values due to parents, lines and testers for all the characters except shelling out turn revealed that females and males differed among themselves; significant differences were also observed between females and male for all the characters except effective length of, shelling out turn and oil content. Accordingly differed significantly among themselves for all the characters. The mean squares due to Parents vs. Hybrids comparison were significant for all the characters except height up to, number of secondary and tertiary spikes per and test weight of 100 seed, thereby suggesting possibility of hybrid vigour for different characters. The estimates of heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis(table 2) for various characters revealed that the heterotic effects differed from cross to cross irrespective of character; However in consideration to extent of heterotic effects and their directions; the magnitude of heterosis was negative for days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity of, Plant height up to, test weight of 100 seed (g) and oil content (%). The results are in accordance with finding of Dangaria et al. (1987), Mehta et al. (1991), Saiyad et al., (1997), Joshi et al. (2001) and Patel and Pathak (2006). The characters effective length of, number of secondary spikes, number of tertiary spikes, number of effective branches and shelling out turn (%) had values of heterobeltiosis in both the directions. The results are in conformity with reports of Dangaria et al. (1987), Mehta et al. (1991), Saiyad et al. (1997), Joshi et al. (2001) and Patel and Pathak (2006). Whereas, for seed yield and its two component characters number of capsule on primary spike and number of capsules per the magnitude of heterobeltiosis was in positive direction, and the results confirm the findings of Dangaria et al. (1987), Saiyad et al. (1997) and Joshi et al. (2001). The perusal of results revealed that hybrid VP 1 DCS 47 depicted the highest heterobeltiosis for seed yield (94.08%) but this hybrid did not have well per se performance. Whereas hybrid Geeta SH 41 exhibited higher estimates of heterobeltiosis (90.93%) with high mean seed yield ( g); the said hybrid also showed significant and positive TABLE 1b: Analysis of variance for different characters of castor. Source df effective branches per capsules on Total number of capsules per Seed yield per Shelling out turn (%) Test weight of 100 seed Oil content (%) Replications Genotypes ** ** ** * * ** 38.78* * 13.77** Parents * * ** * * * * ** 61.51* * 17.33** Lines * * ** * * * * ** 30.50** Testers ** ** * * * * ** 80.98* * 15.06** Lines Vs Testers * * ** ** ** ** 2.78 Hybrids * * ** * * * * ** 32.34* * 12.69** Parents Vs Hybrids * * ** * * * * ** ** Error ** Significant at one per cent probability level

3 TABLE 2a: Magnitude of heterotic effects and promising heterotic crosses for different characters 370 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH

4 ** Significant at 0.01 probability level TABLE 2b : Magnitude of heterotic effects and promising heterotic crosses for different characters. Vol. 47, No. 4,

5 372 INDIAN JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH heterobeltiosis for number of capsule per. The other promising hybrids heterobeltiosis for seed yield were SKP 84 DCS 47 (90.16%), Geeta SKI 270 (81.35%) and SKP 24 DCS 47 (76.20%) and these hybrids also exhibited significant heterobeltiosis for number of capsules per. In respect to check hybrid GCH-7, none of the hybrids depicted significant heterosis; however, the promising hybrids need to be evaluated across the location over the seasons, and superior hybrid may be identified on the basis of consistence performance. Simultaneously, the castor breeding programme may be strengthened for improvement of existing pistillate and inbred in all the aspects, i.e., earliness, high seed yield and oil content and biotic and abiotic stress resistance/ tolerance. REFERENCES Dangaria, C. J.; Dobaria, K. L.; Fatteh, U. G. and Patel, V. J. (1987). Heterosis and combining ability analysis in castor. J. Oilseeds Res., 4: Fonseca, S. and Patterson, F. L. (1968). Hybrid vigour in a seven parent diallel cross in common winter wheat. (Triticum aestivum L.). Crop Sci., 8 : Joshi, H. L.; Mehta, D. R. and Jadon, B. S. (2001). Heterosis of yield and yield components in castor hybrids. J. Oilseeds Res., 18 : Mehta, D. R.; Vashi, P. S. and Kukadia, M. U. (1991). Hybrid vigour in castor. GAU Res. J., 17 : Meredith, W.R. and Bridge, R.R. (1971). Heterosis and gene action in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Crop Sci., 12: Patel, J. B. and Pathak, H. C. (2006). Heterosis for seed yield per and its components in castor, [Ricinus communis (L.)] J. Oilseeds Res., 23 : Saiyed, M.P., Shukla, P.T. and Dhameliya, H.R. (1997). Heterosis for yield and yield components in castor (Ricinus communis L.) over environments. GAU Res. J., 23 :