FILM STACKING IMPREGNATION MODEL FOR THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES APPLIED TO A NOVEL NET-SHAPE PREFORMING PROCESS
|
|
- Peregrine Matthews
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 The 8 th International Conerence on Flow Processes in Composite Materials (FPCM8) FILM STACKING IMPREGNATION MODEL FOR THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITES APPLIED TO A NOVEL NET-SHAPE PREFORMING PROCESS S.T.Jespersen 1, M.D.Wakeman 1, D.Cramer 2, V.Michaud 1, and J-A.E.Månson 1 1 Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et Polymères (LTC), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland: jan-anders.manson@epl.ch 2 Fiberorge, 3768 Highway 82, suite 204, Glenwood Springs, CO 81621, USA. ABSTRACT: In order to assess candidate impregnation methods or a novel netshape preorming method that uses low cost eedstock materials and automation, the impregnation phenomena must be understood. The preorming method comprises automated deposition o UD carbon ibre yarns together with a thermoplastic matrix along a preprogrammed path creating preorms o stacked material which are preconsolidated beore conventional stamporming. In order to evaluate dierent materials, improve stacking scenarios, and assess alternate preconsolidation routes, the iniltration kinetics must be considered in detail. The transverse iniltration o liquid thermoplastic polymer into a compressible unidirectional ibre bed has thereore been examined under isothermal conditions. An iniltration model, based on local luid low in compressible porous media has been extended to simulate iniltration o alternating matrix ilm and ibre layers, relating pressure, time, and temperature with the local ibre volume raction, pressure and liquid and solid velocities in the stacked material. The model has been validated by comparison with experimental results. The ibre volume raction distribution gives the optimum layer thickness values or a given set o conditions. In addition the results show that increased pressure leads to increased ibre bed compaction and hence decreases permeability and limits iniltration. KEYWORDS: Thermoplastic composites, Impregnation, Net-shape preorming INTRODUCTION The high viscosity o most thermoplastics has been one o the main hindrances or introducing high ibre content composites in high volume applications [1]. In order to apply the most appropriate materials or a given process, the iniltration phenomena must be analysed. Methods to decrease impregnation time, such as commingling and powder impregnation, have been reported in the literature and are used in commercial products. In the net shape tailored preorming process examined here, where UD carbon ibres together with a Polyamide matrix are automatically laid along a preprogrammed path, [2,3], ilm stacking is a candidate route to reduce the iniltration length and lower impregnation time. 165
2 The 8 th International Conerence on Flow Processes in Composite Materials (FPCM8) Impregnation o dry compressible preorms under constant pressure has been examined by Michaud et al. [4] or glass mat thermoplastics (GMT), extending an impregnation model by Sommer et al. [6,7], or the iniltration part o the process, previously used or soil theory and metal matrix composites. The preorm relaxation and equilibration ater iniltration was shown to dominate process time or pressures above 0.05MPa. This was also experimentally veriied. Control o these steps is thus important in order to prevent or tailor an inhomogeneous reinorcement distribution [4,5]. To apply and experimentally veriy the impregnation model or aligned ibre composites, a ibre bed consisting o aligned UD carbon ibres has been transversally iniltrated with a Polyamide (PA) resin. The impregnation ront is anticipated to be well deined, and a sluglow assumption can be applied [7]. The impregnation time is hence dominated by micro low behaviour since no macro low occurs. In addition, with consideration o the conlicting demands o maximizing inal part properties and minimizing production time and hence cost, the optimum stacking scenario must be deined. The uniormity o the inal ibre distribution, the eect o resin rich core layers or improved processing [9], and the average ibre content are important parameters to study. To examine these parameters, the eect o processing variables on an industrial ilm stacking scenario must be understood in order to optimise the entire process. Since no current model was able to examine the ilm stacking scenario in its complete state, a new model was built to adapt the single interace iniltration model to the problem. TRANSVERSE INFILTRATION To mathematically describe the constant pressure driven isothermal saturated iniltration o a compressible porous medium by a Newtonian liquid, a one dimensional iniltration model has been written based on the work o Michaud et al. [4,5,8,10] and Sommer et al. [6,7]. The model is used as a base or a ilm stacking impregnation model, where the time and distance space is discretized to examine complex stacking sequences through time. Fig. 1 Stages in the one dimensional iniltration model, ater Michaud [4] The initial condition beore iniltration is a relaxed ibre bed adjacent to liquid polymer (Fig. 1a.). Pressure is then applied on the material, instantaneously compacting the ibre bed to the initial ibre volume raction V i deined by the ibre network compliance, which has been measured or the UD ibre bed used (Fig. 1b). The impregnation ront then progresses into the ibre bed with the velocity u l (Fig. 1c.). At the same time, the ibre bed behind the impregnation ront relaxes back into the matrix with the velocity u s. At this main impregnation stage, momentum balance prescribes that the applied pressure P app will be 166
3 The 8 th International Conerence on Flow Processes in Composite Materials (FPCM8) balanced between the eective load on the ibre network σ and the liquid matrix pressure P l. The iniltration model describes the volume raction evolution between x r and x over time. I the matrix layer has an adequate thickness, the impregnation ront may advance to ully impregnate the ibre preorm i the right processing parameters are used (Fig. 1 d1.). On the other hand, dry ibres will remain i the matrix layer is too thin (Fig. 1 d2.). It is assumed that the gas in the dry ibre preorm is at constant pressure and is driven out o the preorm or absorbed in the matrix with negligible resistance. The liquid and solid phases are taken as incompressible and homogeneous versus time. Euler coordinates are used throughout with x=0 at the interace between liquid and solid ater initial compression. Isothermal steady impregnation o a porous medium with a Newtonian luid is described by Darcy s law [8]. It is hence required that the low is governed by viscous orces and has a Reynolds number, R e 1, which is the case here due to the high viscosity and small low rates. Darcy s law, here without gravity eects states; K dp ul us = (1) ν 1 V dx dp/dx is the pressure gradient, K(V ) the permeability o the ibre bed calculated using the model rom Gebart [11] using the measured ibre radius o 4µm and V the volume raction ibre. The Newtonian matrix viscosity, v, was measured and modelled with an Arrhenius relationship with v=400pa s or 235 C and an activation energy o 70KJ/Mol. Neglecting internal and body orces such as gravitational orces in the solid ibre bed and the liquid matrix, stress equilibrium in one dimension yields; dp l dσ + = 0 (2) dx dx Further relationships are ound by applying mass conservation or liquid and solid phases respectively; dv d ( V us ) dv d ( 1 V ) ul ) + = + = 0 (3) dt dx dt dx A similarity solution is used to simpliy the problem as described by various authors [6,7]. This implies a Boltzmann transormation in Eulerian coordinates to ind a reduced parameter X, which combines distance and time. The similarity solution will, ollowing Mortensen et al [7], be valid or the case o constant applied pressure and a time independent viscosity. x xr x xr X = = (4) ψ t x x where ψ is a time independent measure o the iniltration speed. Factors or the velocities are then introduced. The iniltration ront velocity u l is governed by the actor l(x). ψl( X ) u l = (5) 2 t r The relaxation ront velocity u s is governed by the actor s(x). ψs( X ) u s = (6) 2 t 167
4 The 8 th International Conerence on Flow Processes in Composite Materials (FPCM8) Boundary conditions At the iniltration ront: x = x l (t), u s = 0, l=1+s(0), V = V c and P l = P g, which remains constant as long as the gas is expelled or is absorbed in the matrix, and neglecting the capillary pressure drop at the iniltration ront. At the preorm relaxation ront the conditions are as ollows; x = x s (t), P l = P app + P g and V = V r. Combining Eqn. 1 to 6 gives three non-linear irst-order dierential equations; 2 dv ( l s)( 1 V ) νψ = (7) dx 2KV dσ dv ds dx dl dx [ () ' V i = s X s 0 V (8) [ () ' V i = l X s 0 1 V (9) From the development o Eqn. 8, ollows that d((1-v )l+v s)/dx=0, showing the link between s and l, which simpliies the problem substantially since l(x) can be ound explicitly when V (X) and s(x) are known. Eqn. 7 and Eqn. 8 were solved or the two unctions V (X) and s(x), as well as or the parameter ψ, in a commercial code Matlab. A well converging optimum solution was ound using sequential quadratic programming with initial values or ψ 2 and s(x=0) compared with known solutions or V c and s(1). The impregnation and relaxation length evolution with time is calculated by integrating the impregnation velocities over time. The corresponding real positions x to the values o X are then ound to relate resin and ibre velocities, ibre volume ractions and pressures with x in the material as shown in Fig. 2a) and b). Fig. 2 The results or V together with a) polymer pressure and, b) low velocities or 20bar applied pressure, 250 C and 75s impregnation time FILM STACKING The isothermal iniltration model described in the previous section has been extended in order to be able to model a ilm stacking scenario by discretizing time and position. The model is able to consider any number o layers and layer thicknesses giving reedom to examine, or example, the use o a polymer rich low core. All data can be input via a graphical user interace (GUI) or be directly written into Excel. 168
5 The 8 th International Conerence on Flow Processes in Composite Materials (FPCM8) To ind the order o impregnation events all stacked layers are examined or each time step (typically 0.5s) rom zero to a user speciied impregnation time. When a ibre layer has been ully iniltrated or a matrix layer has been used up, the exact time or the event is recorded and excessive time is monitored. This ensures that intermediate ibre layers are impregnated rom both sides and that impregnation can continue rom one side i the other has run dry rom polymer. The result is a vector called Interace containing the apparent iniltration time at all interaces. Using the Interace values the amount o relaxation into the matrix or upper- xr up (n) and under-side xr down (n) or the dry ibre bed can be calculated, where n denotes the ibre layer. The iniltrated lengths x up (n) and x down (n) are determined correspondingly. For each individual ibre/matrix interace, the ibre volume raction is then ound in discrete steps o a user deined step length o typically 1500 per mm. The step lengths are adapted to each individual layer thickness or improved accuracy. The pure matrix and ibre parts are subdivided in the same way. For each o the incremental steps, the ibre volume raction is ound using the previously predicted ibre volume raction versus depth relation in the composite (x r and x ). An example o an arbitrary partially and ully impregnated composite can be seen in Fig. 3a) and b) respectively, rom which an important variation in V is seen. The obtained simulation results can be used to improve the layer stacking sequence and, or example, the resin layer thickness and appropriate surace matrix layers i, or example, a matrix rich surace is desired. Fig. 3 The results with 4 ibre layers processed at 250 C and 10bar or: a) a partially iniltrated material ater 30s and, b) a ully iniltrated material ater 100s The total time to complete impregnation o the composite is obtained by examining all individual layers and noting which has the longest iniltration time. I enough polymer thickness is speciied, the optimum i th layer thickness T ilm (i) can be ound that results in zero excess polymer. For the outer matrix layers the calculation is simpler, but or the i th layer it takes the general orm: T i = x i 1 xr i 1 x i 1 V + x i xr i x i V (10) ilm () down down down c up up up c The knowledge o the complete composite ibre volume raction distribution gives the thickness at any time, the average ibre volume raction, and the remaining porosity in the composite. 169
6 The 8 th International Conerence on Flow Processes in Composite Materials (FPCM8) EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION An experimental evaluation o the simulated results was perormed by impregnating aligned unidirectional carbon ibres with a Polyamide 6/12 copolymer or varying pressure and time. The impregnation depth was evaluated by analyzing optical micrographs as seen in Fig. 4 illustrating the dierence or a 15s and a 60s impregnation time at 250 o C and nominally 6 bar. Due to scattering in the measured values, several measurements were taken and average values used or the impregnation length. Fig. 4 Impregnation ater: a) 15s, and b) 60s by nominally 6bar at 250 C The irst set o veriication trials examined the eect o time on impregnation length, as shown in Fig. 5a using 6bar pressure and 250 C. The error bars or the simulation results correspond to the uncertainty in the pressure value or various experiments. The experimental results compare well with the simulation. It should be noted, that due to the machine response time, a non-negligible impregnation has already occurred at zero impregnation time, which is measured as the impregnation occurring when the applied pressure has just been reached and then removed. This will eectively move the experimentally based results towards a larger impregnation distance compared with the simulation results, especially or small impregnation times, which correlated well with the observed results. The second set o veriication trials examined the eect o pressure on impregnation length or a ixed impregnation time o 60s. The pressure dependence o impregnation or a constant temperature o 250 C was measured and showed close correlation with simulation results, as seen in Fig. 5b. Fig. 5 Simulation results and standard deviation bars or experimental data SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Having veriied the model against experimental impregnation values or changing time and pressure, the simulation model has been used to predict the eect o dierent stacking scenarios and processing parameters. Fibre layer thicknesses were measured in the relaxed state. The eect o temperature is shown in Fig. 6a.) or a stacking scenario with constant inal thickness. Small variations (0.002mm) are due to discretization step size. When simulating the impregnation behaviour the necessary amount o matrix depends on the applied pressure as shown in Fig. 6b.) and hence ibre bed compression. The optimum 170
7 The 8 th International Conerence on Flow Processes in Composite Materials (FPCM8) thickness, which is twice the size or the inner layers having two ibre interaces, has been used in all ollowing simulation runs to give the minimum inal part thickness. Fig. 6 a) Composite thickness evolution or our 0.2mm ibre layers and constant excess matrix, b) Necessary matrix thickness or outer and inner matrix layers depending on pressure or 0.2mm ibre layer thickness One o the undamental results rom the simulation is the change in impregnation time with resin viscosity or dierent ibre layer thicknesses, here seen in Fig. 7 or constant ibre layer thickness scenarios. This can directly be used to ind the impregnation cycle time or the given process and material combination. Fig. 7 Time to ull impregnation as unction o resin viscosity and ibre layer thickness A pressure increase will increase the impregnation velocity up to a certain threshold value (here 20bar) even though the permeability decreases due to ibre bed compaction, as seen rom Fig. 8a. By using this pressure, the impregnation time is optimized, but still depends on temperature, as shown in Fig. 8b, where the porosity content is monitored over time. Fig. 8 For 0.2mm ibre layer thickness; a) Time or complete impregnation and b) The porosity content in the composite through process time at 20bar 171
8 The 8 th International Conerence on Flow Processes in Composite Materials (FPCM8) CONCLUSIONS An iniltration model has been developed and validated using the current process o ilm stacking o UD ibres and thermoplastic matrix layers. Experimental measurements show good agreement with simulation results without the need or itting parameters. Using the model, it has been possible to ind optimum layer thickness values or given processing conditions. Furthermore, an optimum pressure with respect to impregnation eiciency was ound, which is smaller than the maximum applied pressure. This is explained by the act that increased pressure compacts the ibre bed and hence decreases permeability and limits iniltration. The model can be used to optimize a given production scenario and the materials used, and thus help reduce the development cost or new ibre impregnation technologies. Acknowledgements This work was supported by Fiberorge. The authors wish to acknowledge rom EPFL: G. Tornare and rom Fiberorge: A. Burkhart and J. Fox-Rubin. REFERENCES 1. J.-A. E. Månson, M. D. Wakeman, P. E. Bourban, and P. W. Sunderland, "Driving orces or cost-eective composites: new demands on materials and processes", Proc. ICCM 12, M. D. Wakeman, D. Cramer and J.-A. E. Månson, "Technical cost modelling o an automated netshape preorming process or thermoplastic composites: a case study", Proc. Sampe Paris A. Ross, "Tailored carbon iber blanks set to move into steel stamping area", Highperormance Composites, January, 2006, pp V. Michaud, and J.-A. E. Månson, "Impregnation o compressible iber mats with a thermoplastic resin. Part I: Theory", Journal o composite materials, Vol. 35, no.13, 2001, pp V. Michaud, R.Törnqvist and J.-A. E. Månson, "Impregnation o compressible iber mats with a thermoplastic resin. Part II: Experiments", Journal o composite materials, Vol. 35, no.13, 2001, pp J. L. Sommer, and A. Mortensen, "Forced unidirectional iniltration o deormable porous media", Journal o luid mechanics, Vol. 311, 1996, pp A. Mortensen, C. San Marchi, and V. Michaud, "Capillarity in iniltration processing: A review o principles and their extension to reactive iniltration". Proc. Int. Con. High temperature capillarity, 1997, pp V. Michaud, and A. Mortensen, "Iniltration processing o ibre reinorced composites: governing phenomena", Composites part A-applied science and manuacturing, Vol. 32, 2001, pp M. D. Wakeman, P. Blanchard and J.-A. E. Månson, "Void evolution during stamporming o thermoplastic composites". Proc. ICCM 15, V. J. Michaud, J. L. Sommer, and A. Mortensen, "Iniltration o ibrous preorms by a pure metal: Part V. Inluence o preorm compressability", Metallurgical and materials transactions A, Vol. 30, 1999 pp B. R. Gebart, "Permeability o unidirectional reinorcements or RTM", Journal o Composite Materials, Vol. 26 no. 8,
Analysis of Non-Thermal Equilibrium in Porous Media
Analysis o Non-Thermal Equilibrium in Porous Media A. Nouri-Borujerdi, M. Nazari 1 School o Mechanical Engineering, Shari University o Technology P.O Box 11365-9567, Tehran, Iran E-mail: anouri@shari.edu
More informationFiltration. Praktikum Mechanical Engineering. Spring semester ML F16 Tel.:
Praktikum Mechanical Engineering Spring semester 2018 Filtration Supervisor: Davide Stucchi ML F16 stucchid@ptl.mavt.ethz.ch Tel.: 044 632 25 05 1 1 Table o Contents 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS... 2 2 INTRODUCTION...
More informationMICROMECHANICS OF COMPOSITES WITH INTEGRATED SHEAR THICKENING FLUIDS
MICROMECHANICS OF COMPOSITES WITH INTEGRATED SHEAR THICKENING FLUIDS R. Cristian Neagu, Christian Fischer, Pierre-Etienne Bourban, and Jan-Anders E. Månson Laboratoire de Technologie des Composites et
More informationOE4625 Dredge Pumps and Slurry Transport. Vaclav Matousek October 13, 2004
OE465 Vaclav Matousek October 13, 004 1 Dredge Vermelding Pumps onderdeel and Slurry organisatie Transport OE465 Vaclav Matousek October 13, 004 Dredge Vermelding Pumps onderdeel and Slurry organisatie
More informationCONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFLUIDS. Convective heat transfer analysis of nanofluid flowing inside a
Chapter 4 CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS OF NANOFLUIDS Convective heat transer analysis o nanoluid lowing inside a straight tube o circular cross-section under laminar and turbulent conditions
More information8. INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICAL THERMODYNAMICS
n * D n d Fluid z z z FIGURE 8-1. A SYSTEM IS IN EQUILIBRIUM EVEN IF THERE ARE VARIATIONS IN THE NUMBER OF MOLECULES IN A SMALL VOLUME, SO LONG AS THE PROPERTIES ARE UNIFORM ON A MACROSCOPIC SCALE 8. INTRODUCTION
More informationReview D: Potential Energy and the Conservation of Mechanical Energy
MSSCHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Department o Physics 8. Spring 4 Review D: Potential Energy and the Conservation o Mechanical Energy D.1 Conservative and Non-conservative Force... D.1.1 Introduction...
More informationFLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF HFC-134a IN AN ADIABATIC HELICAL CAPILLARY TUBE
E HEFAT7 5 th International Conerence on Heat Transer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics Sun City, South Arica Paper number: KM1 FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF HFC-1a IN AN ADIABATIC HELICAL CAPILLARY TUBE Khan
More informationPhysics 5153 Classical Mechanics. Solution by Quadrature-1
October 14, 003 11:47:49 1 Introduction Physics 5153 Classical Mechanics Solution by Quadrature In the previous lectures, we have reduced the number o eective degrees o reedom that are needed to solve
More informationContinuous measurement of fiber reinforcement permeability in the thickness direction: Experimental technique and validation
Continuous measurement o iber reinorcement permeability in the thickness direction: Experimental technique and validation P. Ouagne, Tariq Ouahbi, Chung Hae Park, Joël Bréard, Abdelghani Saouab To cite
More informationComputational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII 909
Computational Methods and Experimental Measurements XII 909 Modelling of a LPM filling process with special consideration of viscosity characteristics and its influence on the microstructure of a non-crimp
More informationTwo-phase flow in a fissurized-porous media
Two-phase low in a issurized-porous media P. Ø. Andersen and S. Evje Citation: AIP Con. Proc. 479, 234 (22); doi:.63/.4756663 View online: http://dx.doi.org/.63/.4756663 View Table o Contents: http://proceedings.aip.org/dbt/dbt.jsp?key=apcpcs&volume=479&issue=
More information39.1 Gradually Varied Unsteady Flow
39.1 Gradually Varied Unsteady Flow Gradually varied unsteady low occurs when the low variables such as the low depth and velocity do not change rapidly in time and space. Such lows are very common in
More informationChapter 6 Reliability-based design and code developments
Chapter 6 Reliability-based design and code developments 6. General Reliability technology has become a powerul tool or the design engineer and is widely employed in practice. Structural reliability analysis
More informationBOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSIS ALONG A STRETCHING WEDGE SURFACE WITH MAGNETIC FIELD IN A NANOFLUID
Proceedings o the International Conerence on Mechanical Engineering and Reneable Energy 7 (ICMERE7) 8 December, 7, Chittagong, Bangladesh ICMERE7-PI- BOUNDARY LAYER ANALYSIS ALONG A STRETCHING WEDGE SURFACE
More informationA Semi-Analytical Solution for a Porous Channel Flow of a Non-Newtonian Fluid
Journal o Applied Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, No. 6, pp. 77-76, 6. Available online at www.jamonline.net, ISSN 735-357, EISSN 735-3645. A Semi-Analytical Solution or a Porous Channel Flow o a Non-Newtonian
More informationRESOLUTION MSC.362(92) (Adopted on 14 June 2013) REVISED RECOMMENDATION ON A STANDARD METHOD FOR EVALUATING CROSS-FLOODING ARRANGEMENTS
(Adopted on 4 June 203) (Adopted on 4 June 203) ANNEX 8 (Adopted on 4 June 203) MSC 92/26/Add. Annex 8, page THE MARITIME SAFETY COMMITTEE, RECALLING Article 28(b) o the Convention on the International
More informationMAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC GO-WATER NANOFLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL MOVING DISKS
THERMAL SCIENCE: Year 8, Vol., No. B, pp. 383-39 383 MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC GO-WATER NANOFLUID FLOW AND HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN TWO PARALLEL MOVING DISKS Introduction by Mohammadreza AZIMI and Rouzbeh RIAZI
More informationNon-newtonian Rabinowitsch Fluid Effects on the Lubrication Performances of Sine Film Thrust Bearings
International Journal o Mechanical Engineering and Applications 7; 5(): 6-67 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijmea doi:.648/j.ijmea.75.4 ISSN: -X (Print); ISSN: -48 (Online) Non-newtonian Rabinowitsch
More informationCOMPARISON OF THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN THE PLATE-FIN AND PIN-FIN HEAT SINKS IN NATURAL CONVECTION
HEFAT014 10 th International Conerence on Heat Transer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics 14 6 July 014 Orlando, Florida COMPARISON OF THERMA CHARACTERISTICS BETWEEN THE PATE-FIN AND PIN-FIN HEAT SINKS
More informationMICROMECHANICAL FAILURE ANALYSIS OF UNIDIRECTIONAL FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES UNDER IN-PLANE AND TRANSVERSE SHEAR
THE 19 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS MICROMECHANICAL FAILURE ANALYSIS OF UNIDIRECTIONAL FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES UNDER IN-PLANE AND TRANSVERSE SHEAR Lei Yang*, Ying Yan, Zhiguo
More informationBIOT COEFFICIENTS OF UNIDIRECTIONAL FIBRE PACKED ASSEMBLIES: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL
BIOT COEFFICIENTS OF UNIDIRECTIONAL FIBRE PACKED ASSEMBLIES: EXPERIMENTAL AND THEORETICAL Thang Tran, Sébastien Comas-Cardona,*, Nor-Edine Abria 2, Christophe Binétruy Polymers and Composites Technology
More informationAXIALLY LOADED FRP CONFINED REINFORCED CONCRETE CROSS-SECTIONS
AXIALLY LOADED FRP CONFINED REINFORCED CONCRETE CROSS-SECTIONS Bernát Csuka Budapest University o Technology and Economics Department o Mechanics Materials and Structures Supervisor: László P. Kollár 1.
More informationIterative Methods for Stokes/Darcy Coupling
Iterative Methods or Stokes/Darcy Coupling Marco Discacciati Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Institut d Analyse et Calcul Scientiique Chair o Modelling and Scientiic Computing marco.discacciati@epl.ch
More informationChapter 3 Water Flow in Pipes
The Islamic University o Gaza Faculty o Engineering Civil Engineering Department Hydraulics - ECI 33 Chapter 3 Water Flow in Pipes 3. Description o A Pipe Flow Water pipes in our homes and the distribution
More informationDescription of a One-Dimensional Numerical Model of an Active Magnetic Regenerator Refrigerator
This is a 1D model o an active magnetic regenerative rerigerator (AMRR) that was developed in MATLAB. The model uses cycle inputs such as the luid mass low and magnetic ield proiles, luid and regenerator
More informationSOME RESEARCH ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS
The 3 rd International Conerence on DIAGNOSIS AND PREDICTION IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DIPRE 12 SOME RESEARCH ON FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF Valeriu DULGHERU, Viorel BOSTAN, Marin GUŢU Technical
More informationHYDROELASTIC TAILORING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A COMPOSITE MARINE PROPELLER
HYDROELASTIC TAILORING AND OPTIMIZATION OF A COMPOSITE MARINE PROPELLER José P. Blasques, Christian Berggreen and Poul Andersen Department o Mechanical Engineering, Technical University o Denmark Nils
More informationS. Srinivasan, Technip Offshore, Inc., Houston, TX
9 th ASCE Specialty Conerence on Probabilistic Mechanics and Structural Reliability PROBABILISTIC FAILURE PREDICTION OF FILAMENT-WOUND GLASS-FIBER Abstract REINFORCED COMPOSITE TUBES UNDER BIAXIAL LOADING
More informationFLUID MECHANICS. Lecture 7 Exact solutions
FLID MECHANICS Lecture 7 Eact solutions 1 Scope o Lecture To present solutions or a ew representative laminar boundary layers where the boundary conditions enable eact analytical solutions to be obtained.
More informationTEXTILE IMPREGNATION WITH THERMOPLASTIC RESIN MODELS AND APPLICATION
TEXTILE IMPREGNATION WITH THERMOPLASTIC RESIN MODELS AND APPLICATION Richard Loendersloot 1, Wouter Grouve 2, Edwin Lamers 3 and Sebastiaan Wijskamp 4 1 Applied Mechanics, University of Twente, P.O. Box
More informationFatigue verification of high loaded bolts of a rocket combustion chamber.
Fatigue veriication o high loaded bolts o a rocket combustion chamber. Marcus Lehmann 1 & Dieter Hummel 1 1 Airbus Deence and Space, Munich Zusammenassung Rocket engines withstand intense thermal and structural
More informationNatural convection in a vertical strip immersed in a porous medium
European Journal o Mechanics B/Fluids 22 (2003) 545 553 Natural convection in a vertical strip immersed in a porous medium L. Martínez-Suástegui a,c.treviño b,,f.méndez a a Facultad de Ingeniería, UNAM,
More informationENERGY ANALYSIS: CLOSED SYSTEM
ENERGY ANALYSIS: CLOSED SYSTEM A closed system can exchange energy with its surroundings through heat and work transer. In other words, work and heat are the orms that energy can be transerred across the
More informationDesign criteria for Fiber Reinforced Rubber Bearings
Design criteria or Fiber Reinorced Rubber Bearings J. M. Kelly Earthquake Engineering Research Center University o Caliornia, Berkeley A. Calabrese & G. Serino Department o Structural Engineering University
More informationNon-Darcy Displacement in Linear Composite and Radial Flow Porous Media Yu-Shu Wu, Perapon Fakcharoenphol, and Ronglei Zhang, Colorado School of Mines
SPE 130343 Non-Darcy Displacement in Linear Composite and Radial Flow Porous Media Yu-Shu Wu, Perapon Fakcharoenphol, and Ronglei Zhang, Colorado School o Mines Copyright 2010, Society o Petroleum Engineers
More informationOpen Access Establishment of Mathematical Model and Sensitivity Analysis of Plugging Capacity of Multi-Component Foam Flooding
Send Orders or Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.ae 84 The Open Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 9, 84-89 Open Access Establishment o Mathematical Model and Sensitivity Analysis o Plugging Capacity
More informationBond strength model for interfaces between nearsurface mounted (NSM) CFRP strips and concrete
University o Wollongong Research Online Faculty o Engineering and Inormation Sciences - Papers: Part A Faculty o Engineering and Inormation Sciences 2014 Bond strength model or interaces between nearsurace
More informationAH 2700A. Attenuator Pair Ratio for C vs Frequency. Option-E 50 Hz-20 khz Ultra-precision Capacitance/Loss Bridge
0 E ttenuator Pair Ratio or vs requency NEEN-ERLN 700 Option-E 0-0 k Ultra-precision apacitance/loss ridge ttenuator Ratio Pair Uncertainty o in ppm or ll Usable Pairs o Taps 0 0 0. 0. 0. 07/08/0 E E E
More informationAutoclave Cure Simulation of Composite Structures Applying Implicit and Explicit FE
Autoclave Cure Simulation o Composite Structures Applying Implicit and Explicit FE Abdelal, G. F., Robotham, A., & Cantwell, W. (2013). Autoclave Cure Simulation o Composite Structures Applying Implicit
More informationRepresentation of Coriolis forces and simulation procedures for moving fluid-conveying pipes
Representation o Coriolis orces and simulation procedures or moving luid-conveying pipes Jörg Gebhardt*, Frank Kassubek** *ABB Corporate Research Center Germany, Department or Automation Device Technologies,
More informationTransport Properties: Momentum Transport, Viscosity
Transport Properties: Momentum Transport, Viscosity 13th February 2011 1 Introduction Much as mass(material) is transported within luids (gases and liquids), linear momentum is also associated with transport,
More informationManufacturing Remaining Stresses in Truck Frame Rail's Fatigue Life Prediction
Manuacturing Remaining Stresses in Truck Frame Rail's Fatigue Lie Prediction Claudiomar C. Cunha & Carlos A. N. Dias MSX International & Department o Naval Engineering EPUSP/USP/Brazil Department o Mechanical
More informationOpen Access Dynamic Parameters Identification for the Feeding System of Commercial Numerical Control Machine
Send Orders or Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.net The Open Automation and Control Systems Journal, 13, 5, 161-166 161 Open Access Dynamic Parameters Identiication or the Feeding System o Commercial
More informationCAPILLARY PHENOMENA IN LIQUID COMPOSITE MOULDING
6 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS CAPILLARY PHENOMENA IN LIQUID COMPOSITE MOULDING Véronique Michaud*, Markus Nordlund*, T. Staffan Lundström**, Jan-Anders E. Månson* [V.Michaud]: veronique.michaud@epfl.ch
More information2015 American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER)
American Journal o Engineering Research (AJER) 2015 American Journal o Engineering Research (AJER) e-issn: 2320-0847 p-issn : 2320-0936 Volume-4, Issue-7, pp-33-40.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access The
More informationControlling the Heat Flux Distribution by Changing the Thickness of Heated Wall
J. Basic. Appl. Sci. Res., 2(7)7270-7275, 2012 2012, TextRoad Publication ISSN 2090-4304 Journal o Basic and Applied Scientiic Research www.textroad.com Controlling the Heat Flux Distribution by Changing
More informationSecond Order Slip Flow of Cu-Water Nanofluid Over a Stretching Sheet With Heat Transfer
Second Order Slip Flow o Cu-Water Nanoluid Over a Stretching Sheet With Heat Transer RAJESH SHARMA AND ANUAR ISHAK School o Mathematical Sciences, Faculty o Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan
More informationON AN ESTIMATION OF THE DAMPING PROPERTIES OF WOVEN FABRIC COMPOSITES
ON AN ESTIMATION OF THE DAMPING PROPERTIES OF WOVEN FABRIC COMPOSITES Masaru Zao 1, Tetsusei Kurashii 1, Yasumasa Naanishi 2 and Kin ya Matsumoto 2 1 Department o Management o Industry and Technology,
More informationChapter 8 Laminar Flows with Dependence on One Dimension
Chapter 8 Laminar Flows with Dependence on One Dimension Couette low Planar Couette low Cylindrical Couette low Planer rotational Couette low Hele-Shaw low Poiseuille low Friction actor and Reynolds number
More informationHydraulic validation of the LHC cold mass heat exchanger tube.
Hydraulic validation o te LHC cold mass eat excanger tube. LHC Project Note 155 1998-07-22 (pilippe.provenaz@cern.c) Pilippe PROVENAZ / LHC-ACR Division Summary Te knowledge o te elium mass low vs. te
More information3.5 Analysis of Members under Flexure (Part IV)
3.5 Analysis o Members under Flexure (Part IV) This section covers the ollowing topics. Analysis o a Flanged Section 3.5.1 Analysis o a Flanged Section Introduction A beam can have langes or lexural eiciency.
More informationFE MODELING AND NUMERICAL IMPLEMTATION OF FLOW- DEFORMATION PROCESSES IN COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING
THE 19 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS FE MODELING AND NUMERICAL IMPLEMTATION OF FLOW- DEFORMATION PROCESSES IN COMPOSITES MANUFACTURING M. Rouhi 1,2*, M. Wysocki 1,2, R. Larsson 2 1
More informationThis is an author-deposited version published in : Eprints ID : 11904
Open Archive TOULOUSE Archive Ouverte (OATAO) OATAO is an open access repository that collects the work o Toulouse researchers and makes it reely available over the web where possible. This is an author-deposited
More informationTHE NEAR-WELLBORE PRESSURE CALCULATION MODEL INCORPORATING THERMOCHEMICAL EFFECT
HERMAL CIENCE: Year 2018, Vol. 22, No. 1B, pp. 623-630 623 HE NEAR-WELLBORE PREURE CALCULAION MODEL INCORPORAING HERMOCHEMICAL EFFEC by Zhiqiang ANG, Qian LI *, and Hu YIN Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering
More informationGlobal Weak Solution of Planetary Geostrophic Equations with Inviscid Geostrophic Balance
Global Weak Solution o Planetary Geostrophic Equations with Inviscid Geostrophic Balance Jian-Guo Liu 1, Roger Samelson 2, Cheng Wang 3 Communicated by R. Temam) Abstract. A reormulation o the planetary
More informationA Novel Method for the Pushout Test in Composites
A Novel Method or the Pushout Test in Composites Rebecca Sinclair and Robert J. Young Manchester Materials Science Centre, UMIST/University o Manchester, Grosvenor Street, Manchester, M1 7HS UK. SUMMARY:
More informationFs (30.0 N)(50.0 m) The magnitude of the force that the shopper exerts is f 48.0 N cos 29.0 cos 29.0 b. The work done by the pushing force F is
Chapter 6: Problems 5, 6, 8, 38, 43, 49 & 53 5. ssm Suppose in Figure 6. that +1.1 1 3 J o work is done by the orce F (magnitude 3. N) in moving the suitcase a distance o 5. m. At what angle θ is the orce
More informationCEE 3310 Open Channel Flow,, Nov. 18,
CEE 3310 Open Channel Flow,, Nov. 18, 2016 165 8.1 Review Drag & Lit Laminar vs Turbulent Boundary Layer Turbulent boundary layers stay attached to bodies longer Narrower wake! Lower pressure drag! C D
More informationBuoyancy Driven Heat Transfer of Water-Based CuO Nanofluids in a Tilted Enclosure with a Heat Conducting Solid Cylinder on its Center
July 4-6 2012 London U.K. Buoyancy Driven Heat Transer o Water-Based CuO Nanoluids in a Tilted Enclosure with a Heat Conducting Solid Cylinder on its Center Ahmet Cihan Kamil Kahveci and Çiğdem Susantez
More informationCOMPARISON OF WETTABILITY AND CAPILLARY EFFECT EVALUATED BY DIFFERENT CHARACTERIZING METHODS
18 TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS COMPARISON OF WETTABILITY AND CAPILLARY EFFECT EVALUATED BY DIFFERENT CHARACTERIZING METHODS S.K. Wang*, M. Li*, Y.Z. Gu, Y.X. Li and Z.G. Zhang Key
More informationPre-AP Physics Chapter 1 Notes Yockers JHS 2008
Pre-AP Physics Chapter 1 Notes Yockers JHS 2008 Standards o Length, Mass, and Time ( - length quantities) - mass - time Derived Quantities: Examples Dimensional Analysis useul to check equations and to
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 83 (2015 ) Václav Dvo ák a *, Tomáš Vít a
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Energy Procedia 83 (205 ) 34 349 7th International Conerence on Sustainability in Energy and Buildings Numerical investigation o counter low plate
More informationLecture 25: Heat and The 1st Law of Thermodynamics Prof. WAN, Xin
General Physics I Lecture 5: Heat and he 1st Law o hermodynamics Pro. WAN, Xin xinwan@zju.edu.cn http://zimp.zju.edu.cn/~xinwan/ Latent Heat in Phase Changes Latent Heat he latent heat o vaporization or
More informationInvestigation of Initial Fouling Rates of Calcium Sulfate Solutions under Non-Boiling Conditions (Work-in-Progress)
eereed Proceedings Heat Exchanger Fouling and Cleaning: Fundamentals and Applications Engineering Conerences International Year 23 Investigation o Initial Fouling ates o Calcium Sulate Solutions under
More informationRELIABILITY OF BURIED PIPELINES WITH CORROSION DEFECTS UNDER VARYING BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
REIABIITY OF BURIE PIPEIES WITH CORROSIO EFECTS UER VARYIG BOUARY COITIOS Ouk-Sub ee 1 and ong-hyeok Kim 1. School o Mechanical Engineering, InHa University #53, Yonghyun-ong, am-ku, Incheon, 40-751, Korea
More informationWind-Driven Circulation: Stommel s gyre & Sverdrup s balance
Wind-Driven Circulation: Stommel s gyre & Sverdrup s balance We begin by returning to our system o equations or low o a layer o uniorm density on a rotating earth. du dv h + [ u( H + h)] + [ v( H t y d
More informationUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA - SANTA CRUZ DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS PHYS 112. Homework #4. Benjamin Stahl. February 2, 2015
UIERSIY OF CALIFORIA - SAA CRUZ DEPARME OF PHYSICS PHYS Homework #4 Benjamin Stahl February, 05 PROBLEM It is given that the heat absorbed by a mole o ideal gas in a uasi-static process in which both its
More informationNon-Isothermal Displacements with Step-Profile Time Dependent Injections in Homogeneous Porous Media
Proceedings o the World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering (MCM 015) Barcelona, Spain July 0-1, 015 Paper No. 93 Non-Isothermal Displacements with Step-Proile Time Dependent Injections
More informationtwenty one concrete construction: materials & beams ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES: FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN DR. ANNE NICHOLS SPRING 2014
ELEMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES: FORM, BEHAVIOR, AND DESIGN DR. ANNE NICHOLS SPRING 2014 lecture twenty one concrete construction: http:// nisee.berkeley.edu/godden materials & beams Concrete Beams
More information3D Numerical Modelling of Convective Heat Transfer through Two-sided Vertical Channel Symmetrically Filled with Metal Foams
P Periodica Polytechnica Mechanical Engineering P 60(4), pp. 193-202, 2016 DOI: 10.3311/PPme.8511 Creative Commons Attribution b 3D Numerical Modelling o Convective Heat Transer through Two-sided Vertical
More informationA solid-fluid mixture theory of porous media
A solid-luid mixture theory o porous media I-Shih Liu Instituto de Matemática, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Abstract The theories o mixtures in the ramework o continuum mechanics have been developed
More informationSolving Partial Differential Equations Numerically. Miklós Bergou with: Gary Miller, David Cardoze, Todd Phillips, Mark Olah
Solving Partial Dierential Equations Numerically Miklós Bergou with: Gary Miller, David Cardoze, Todd Phillips, Mark Olah Overview What are partial dierential equations? How do we solve them? (Example)
More informationA study on the Variation of Streaming Potential Coefficient with Physical Parameters of Rocks
VNU Journal o Science: Mathematics Physics, Vol. 33, No. 1 (2017) 60-68 A study on the Variation o Streaming Potential Coeicient with Physical Parameters o Rocks Luong Duy Thanh 1,*, Rudol Sprik 2 1 Thuy
More informationChapter 8 Conservation of Energy and Potential Energy
Chapter 8 Conservation o Energy and Potential Energy So ar we have analyzed the motion o point-like bodies under the action o orces using Newton s Laws o Motion. We shall now use the Principle o Conservation
More informationAdv. Theor. Appl. Mech., Vol. 7, 2014, no. 1, 1-20 HIKARI Ltd,
Adv. Theor. Appl. Mech., Vol. 7, 2014, no. 1, 1-20 HIKARI Ltd, www.m-hikari.com http://dx.doi.org/10.12988/atam.2014.31124 Magneto-Hydrodynamic Eect with Temperature Dependent Viscosity on Natural Convection
More informationP211 Low Frequency Modifications of Seismic Background Noise Due to Interaction with Oscillating Fluids in Porous Rocks
P11 Low Frequency Modiications o Seismic Background Noise Due to Interaction with Oscillating Fluids in Porous Rocks M. Frehner* (Geological Institute, ETH Zurich), S.M. Schmalholz (Geological Institute,
More informationA STUDY OF 0 -FIBRE MICROBUCKLING IN MULTIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE LAMINATES
A STUDY OF -FIBRE MICROBUCKLING IN MULTIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE LAMINATES P. Berbinau and C. Soutis Department o Aeronautics, Imperial College o Science, Technology & Medicine Prince Consort Rd, London SW7
More informationLecture 8 Optimization
4/9/015 Lecture 8 Optimization EE 4386/5301 Computational Methods in EE Spring 015 Optimization 1 Outline Introduction 1D Optimization Parabolic interpolation Golden section search Newton s method Multidimensional
More informationBayesian Technique for Reducing Uncertainty in Fatigue Failure Model
9IDM- Bayesian Technique or Reducing Uncertainty in Fatigue Failure Model Sriram Pattabhiraman and Nam H. Kim University o Florida, Gainesville, FL, 36 Copyright 8 SAE International ABSTRACT In this paper,
More informationPERMEABILITY PREDICTION IN POROUS MEDIA WITH COMPLEX 3D ARCHITECTURES IN A TRI- PERIODIC COMPUTATIONAL DOMAIN
PERMEABILITY PREDICTION IN POROUS MEDIA WITH COMPLEX 3D ARCHITECTURES IN A TRI- PERIODIC COMPUTATIONAL DOMAIN W. R. Hwang 1, J. F. Wang 1,2 and H. L. Liu 1 1 School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering,
More informationNUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS RETROFITTED WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER FOR RESISTING BLAST LOADING
NUMERICAL ASSESSMENT OF REINFORCED CONCRETE MEMBERS RETROFITTED WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER FOR RESISTING BLAST LOADING By GRAHAM LONG A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
More informationA NUMERICAL STUDY OF SINGLE-PHASE FORCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER WITH FLOW FRICTION IN ROUND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS
www.arpapress.com/volumes/vol6issue4/ijrras_6_4_05.pd A NUMERICAL STUDY OF SINGLE-PHASE FORCED CONVECTIVE HEAT TRANSFER WITH FLOW FRICTION IN ROUND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS Pedram Mohajeri Khameneh 1,*, Iraj
More informationHYDROMAGNETIC DIVERGENT CHANNEL FLOW OF A VISCO- ELASTIC ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING FLUID
Rita Choudhury et al. / International Journal o Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) HYDROAGNETIC DIVERGENT CHANNEL FLOW OF A VISCO- ELASTIC ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTING FLUID RITA CHOUDHURY Department
More informationNUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF INCLINATION ANGLE ON HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE IN BACK-WARD FACING STEP UTILIZING NANOFLUID
NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF INCLINATION ANGLE ON HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE IN BACK-WARD FACING STEP UTILIZING NANOFLUID Saleh Etaig*, Etaig.Mahmoud@Northumbria.ac.uk Reaz Hasan, Reaz.Hasan@Northumria.ac.uk
More informationME 328 Machine Design Vibration handout (vibrations is not covered in text)
ME 38 Machine Design Vibration handout (vibrations is not covered in text) The ollowing are two good textbooks or vibrations (any edition). There are numerous other texts o equal quality. M. L. James,
More informationComments on Magnetohydrodynamic Unsteady Flow of A Non- Newtonian Fluid Through A Porous Medium
Comments on Magnetohydrodynamic Unsteady Flow o A Non- Newtonian Fluid Through A Porous Medium Mostaa A.A.Mahmoud Department o Mathematics, Faculty o Science, Benha University (358), Egypt Abstract The
More informationProbabilistic Model of Error in Fixed-Point Arithmetic Gaussian Pyramid
Probabilistic Model o Error in Fixed-Point Arithmetic Gaussian Pyramid Antoine Méler John A. Ruiz-Hernandez James L. Crowley INRIA Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes 655 avenue de l Europe 38 334 Saint Ismier Cedex
More informationTFY4102 Exam Fall 2015
FY40 Eam Fall 05 Short answer (4 points each) ) Bernoulli's equation relating luid low and pressure is based on a) conservation o momentum b) conservation o energy c) conservation o mass along the low
More informationNUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM TWO TANDEM CIRCULAR CYLINDERS EMBEDDED IN A POROUS MEDIUM
THERMAL SCIENCE, Year 2017, Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 2117-2128 2117 Introduction NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FORCED CONVECTION HEAT TRANSFER FROM TWO TANDEM CIRCULAR CYLINDERS EMBEDDED IN A POROUS MEDIUM by Habib-Ollah
More informationMechanical Engineering Research Journal BUOYANT FLOW OF NANOFLUID FOR HEAT-MASS TRANSFER THROUGH A THIN LAYER
Dept. o Mech. Eng. CUET Published Online March 2015 (http://www.cuet.ac.bd/merj/index.html) Mechanical Engineering Research Journal Vol. 9, pp. 712, 2013 M E R J ISSN: 1990-5491 BUOYANT FLOW OF NANOFLUID
More information( ) ( ) ( ) + ( ) Ä ( ) Langmuir Adsorption Isotherms. dt k : rates of ad/desorption, N : totally number of adsorption sites.
Langmuir Adsorption sotherms... 1 Summarizing Remarks... Langmuir Adsorption sotherms Assumptions: o Adsorp at most one monolayer o Surace is uniorm o No interaction between adsorbates All o these assumptions
More informationChapter 8 Flow in Pipes. Piping Systems and Pump Selection
Piping Systems and Pump Selection 8-6C For a piping system that involves two pipes o dierent diameters (but o identical length, material, and roughness connected in series, (a the low rate through both
More informationIOSR Journal of Mathematics (IOSR-JM) e-issn: , p-issn: X.Volume12,Issue 1 Ver. III (Jan.-Feb.2016)PP
IOSR Journal o Mathematics (IOSR-JM) e-issn:78-578, p-issn: 39-765X.Volume,Issue Ver. III (Jan.-Feb.6)PP 88- www.iosrjournals.org Eect o Chemical Reaction on MHD Boundary Layer Flow o Williamson Nanoluid
More informationdynamics of f luids in porous media
dynamics of f luids in porous media Jacob Bear Department of Civil Engineering Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa DOVER PUBLICATIONS, INC. New York Contents Preface xvii CHAPTER 1 Introduction
More informationThe Derivation of a Drag Coefficient Formula from Velocity-Voidage Correlations
1 The Derivation o a Drag Coeicient Formula rom Velocity-Voidage Correlations By M. Syamlal EG&G, T.S.W.V, Inc. P.O. Box 880 Morgantown, West Virginia 6507-0880 T.J. O Brien U.S. Department o Energy Morgantown
More informationChem 406 Biophysical Chemistry Lecture 1 Transport Processes, Sedimentation & Diffusion
Chem 406 Biophysical Chemistry Lecture 1 Transport Processes, Sedimentation & Diusion I. Introduction A. There are a group o biophysical techniques that are based on transport processes. 1. Transport processes
More informationLecture 2 The First Law of Thermodynamics (Ch.1)
Lecture he First Law o hermodynamics (h.) Lecture - we introduced macroscopic parameters that describe the state o a thermodynamic system (including temperature), the equation o state (,,) 0, and linked
More informationFinite Element Modeling of Residual Thermal Stresses in Fiber-Reinforced Composites Using Different Representative Volume Elements
Proceedings o the World Congress on Engineering 21 Vol II WCE 21, June 3 - July 2, 21, London, U.K. Finite Element Modeling o Residual Thermal Stresses in Fiber-Reinorced Composites Using Dierent Representative
More informationAN EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL EFFECTS ON THE APPLICATION OF THE FIBRE PUSH-IN TESTS.
AN EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL EFFECTS ON THE APPLICATION OF THE FIBRE PUSH-IN TESTS. Jon M. Molina-Aldareguía 1, M. Rodríguez 1, C. González 1, and J.LLorca 1, 1 Madrid
More information