GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH

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1 GEO GRA P HICAL RESEA RCH Vol126, No14 J uly, ,2, 1, 3, 1, 1 (11, ; 21, ) :,, DISORT,, LibRadtran UVSPEC GIS ,,, , 1, 7 UVA UVB, 7, UVB UVA UVB UVA 6 : ; ; UVA ; UVB ; : (2007) nm, : A (UVA), nm,, ; B ( UVB), nm,, D, ; C (UVC), nm,, [ 1 3 ],, nm [4 ], UVB, UVA,,, [ 5 9 ] [10 12 ], : ; : : ( ) ; (2005DFA20010) : (19742),,, E2mail : gov1cn 3 : (19492),,

2 822 26, 29,,,, : [13 ] ;, [14 16 ], ( ),, (N WS), [17 ] LibRadtran UVSPEC,,, Arc GIS Spline, DEM, UVA ( nm) UVB ( nm), 270 nm, : Euv = E S ( ) (1) : Euv ( W/ m 2 ) ; E ( W/ m 2 nm) ; S ( ), [18 ] ; E, Stamnes [19, 20 ] DISOR T2 LibRadtran21101 UVSPEC [21 ] UVSPEC, ;, [ 22 ], Anderson [23 ] Shettle [ 24 ], Angstrom, ( %) Tab11 Different types of surface albedo ( %)

3 4 : 823,, 1 [25, 26 ] 21112, [27, 28 ], : Euv ( t) = at 2 + bt + c (2) (1), Euv ( t) (J / m 2 ), : a,b,c (2) Qeff Qeff = t 2 ( at 2 + bt + c) dt (3) t 1 : t1, t2, 21113,,,, 30 % [3 ] (3) Qeff Qeff, (4) Q 3 eff : : Q 3 eff = Qeff (1 + Hc) CA F (4) Hc, CA F Hc ( %/ km) Frederick [17 ] : Hc = a0 + a1 z c + a2 z 2 c : a0 = , a1 = , a2 = , z c (km) CA F NWS, 4 [ 17 ] , 16, 210 ( 1), 1 400, TOMS , Arc GIS Spline 1 km 1 km, D EM 1 7, ( 4, 2 3) 2 (A, B) : 1,

4 Fig11 Spatial array of simulated biologically effective ultraviolet radiation intensity, 472 KJ / m 2,, 318 KJ / m 2 7,, 1,, 3/ MJ / m 2, 1139 MJ / m 2,, 0166 MJ / m 2 3 (A, B, C, D), 1 7 UVA UVB UVA ( 2) UVB 1,, ; 7,, 1 7 UVA UVB, UVB UVA 6 312,, 1 7 [ 29 ] [30 ],, 1 7,

5 4 : 825,,,,,,,, : (1) (1 ),, (7 ), (2),,, 1 [31 ],, 1 (3) 1,, 7,, (4) UVB UVA, 7 UVB UVA (5) UVA 270 nm UVB [21 ] 4 (1), Li2 bradtran UVSPEC : ;,,,, (2) , (7 ) (1 ) ; 1, 7 ; UVA UVB, 7, UVB UVA : [ 1 ],, 1 1, 2000, 27 (5) : [ 2 ] Mat sumura Y, Anant haswamy H N1 Toxic effect s of ultraviolet radiation on t he skin1 Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology,2004,195 : [ 3 ] 1 1, 2001,4 :54 571

6 [ 4 ], 1 1,1996,20 (4) : [ 5 ] Frederick J E1 Trends in at mospheric ozone and ultraviolet radiation :Mechanisms and observations for t he nort h2 ern hemisphere1 Photochemistry and Photobiology,1990,51 : [ 6 ] Frederick J E, Weat herhead E C1 Temporal changes in surface ultraviolet radiation : A study of t he Roberston - Berger meter and Dobson data records1 Photochemistry and Photobiology,1992,56 : [ 7 ] Mckenzie R L1 Determining variabilities and trends in UV radiation1 In : WCRP - 99, Proceedings of t he First SPARC General Assembly, Genera : WMO/ TD2814,1997, [ 8 ] Chubarova N Y, Nezval Y I1 Thirty year variability of UV irradiance in Moscow1 Geophysical Research, 2000, 105 (D10) : [ 9 ] Ogunjobi K O, Kim Y J1 Ultraviolet ( m) and broadband solar hourly radiation at Kwangju, Sout h Korea : Analysis of their correlation with aerosol optical depth and clearness index1 Atmospheric Research,2004, 71 (3) : [ 10 ],, ,2003,27 (2) : [ 11 ], 1 1,1998,19 (1) : [ 12 ],,, 1 1,1998,19 (1) :7 121 [ 13 ] Green A E,Cross K R,Smit h L A1 Improved analytic characteization of ultraviolet skylight1 Photochemistry and Photobiology,1980,31 :591 [ 14 ], ,2000,21 (2) : [ 15 ] 1 1,2001,20 (21) : [ 16 ], 1 1,2003,26 (5) : [ 17 ] Long C S, Miller A J, Hai2Tien L, et al1 Ultraviolet index forecast s issued by t he National Weat her Service1 Bul2 letin of t he American Meteorological Society,1996,77 (4) : [ 18 ] ICNIRP1 Guidelines on limit s of exposure to ultraviolet radiation of wavelengt hs between 180nm and 400nm1 Healt h Physics,2004,87 (2) : [ 19 ] Stamnes K, Tsay S C, Wiscombe W, et al1 Numerically stable algorit hm for discrete2ordinate2met hod radiative transfer in multiple scattering and emitting layered media1 Applied Optics,1988,27 (12) : [ 20 ] Stamnes K, Tsay S C, Wiscombe W, et al1disor T - A General2Purpose Fortran Program for Discrete2Ordinate2 Method Radiative Transfer in Scattering and Emitting Layered Media : Documentation of Methodology [ 21 ] Kylling A, Mayer B1 LibRadtran manual,acp,20041j uly 26,20051 ACP1 [ 22 ] Mayer B, Kylling A1 Technical note : The libradtran software package for radiative transfer calculations2descrip2 tion and examples of use1 At mospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions,2005,5 : [ 23 ] Anderson G P, Clough S A, Kneizys F X, et al1 AFGL At mospheric Constituent Profiles (0 120km), AF GL2 TR , AF GL (OPI),19861 [24 ] Shettle E P1 Models of aerosols, clouds and precipitation for at mospheric propagation studies1 In : A GARD Con2 ference Proceedings No1 454, Atmospheric propagation in the uv, visible, ir and mm2region and related system as2 pect s,19891 [25 ] Blumt haler M, Ambach W1 Solar UVB2albedo of various surfaces1 Photochemisty and Photobiology,1988,48 : [26 ],,, 1 1,2003, 24 (1) : [ 27 ] Sullivana S S, Cobba J L, Rosenb C J, et al1 Assessment of sun exposure in adolescent girls using activity diaries1 Nutrition Research,2003,23 : [ 28 ],, 1 1, 2003, 19 (1) : [ 29 ] 1 1 :, [ 30 ], 1 1,2002,13 (U01) : [ 31 ],,, 1 1,1995,15 :

7 4 : 827 Distribution of biologically effective solar ultraviolet radiation intensity on the ground in China L IAO Yong2feng 1,2, WAN G Wu2yi 1, ZHAN G Li 1, YAN G Lin2sheng 1 (11 Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing ,China ; 21 National Disaster Reduction Center of China, Beijing , China) Abstract :Wit h t he strato sp heric ozone layer turning t hinner and thinner, to calculate solar ultraviolet radiation reaching t he Eart h s surface and assess it s effect s on human healt h has become a focus1 Based on radiation transmission model of DISOR T, a new met hod to cal2 culate biologically effective ult raviolet radiatio n intensit y o n t he gro und is identified and spatial distribution of biologically effective ultraviolet radiation intensity in China in J anu2 ary and J uly,2000 is simulated using UVSPEC model of LibRadtran software package and GIS spatial analysis technique1 This paper discusses the effect s of t he spatial and temporal variation of atmosp heric ozone, cloud cover and ground albedo on ground ultraviolet radia2 tion intensity, and explores the correction met hod wit h t he result of DEM and cloud cov2 er1 In additio n, it systematically analyzes t he spatial dist ributio n characteristics of gro und biologically effective ultraviolet radiation intensity in China in J anuary and J uly, Ul2 traviolet radiation intensity is higher in low latitude than that in mid2high latit ude in J anu2 ary and on t he contrary in J uly1 Because of t he higher altit ude and lower ozone t hickness, t he ultraviolet radiation intensity is higher on the Tibetan Plateau than in t he ot her regions in J anuary1 There are different radiation intensity distribution patterns between UVA and UVB in J anuary and J uly because ozone can absorb more UVB radiation t han UVA1 High2 er radiation distribution of UVB is closer to t he low latit ude t han t hat of UVA1 Owing to t he higher relative spect ral effective coefficient against 270nm of UVB, normalized UVB biologically effective radiation is about six times more t han t hat of UVA1 Key words :biologically effective ; ultraviolet radiation ; UVA ; UVB ; spatial distribution

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