Module: 7. Lecture: 36
|
|
- Jacob Phelps
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Module: 7 Lecture: 36 DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE INTRODUCTION Dimethylformamide is an organic compound and denotes as DMF. The name is derived from the fact that it is a derivative of formamide, the amide of formic acid. It is a colourless polar solvent and miscible with water and the most of the organic liquids. Pure dimethylformamide is odourless while technical grade or degraded dimethylformamide has a fishy smell due to impurity of dimethylamine. As it having a high boiling point, it facilitates reactions which follow polar mechanisms, such as SN2 reactions. Dimethylformamide can be synthesized from methyl formate and dimethylamine or by reaction of dimethylamine with carbon monoxide. It is not stable in the presence of strong bases like sodium hydroxide or strong acids. It may hydrolyze back into formic acid and dimethylamine at elevated temperatures. MANUFACTURE Raw material Basis: 1000kg dimethyl formamide from methyl amine (98% yield) Dimethyl amine 605kg Carbon monoxide 380kg Reaction Manufacture process Pure carbon monoxide or a gas stream containing carbon monoxide N P T E L 1
2 was passed into the reactor. Sodium methoxide Water Methanol Dimethyl formamide Dimethyl amine Product column CO Reactor Settling tank Salt Evaporator Light end column Salt Figure: Manufacture of dimethyl formamide from methyl amine Block diagram of manufacturing process Diagram with process equipment Animation The continuous liquid dimethylamine were introduced in reactor in presence of sodium methoxide in methanol as catalyst at pressure between 0.5 and 11MPa at C temperature. The reaction is exothermic, but reversible, and so it was carried out in the liquid phase at high pressure, with a slight excess of carbon monoxide. The catalyst reacts with by-products in the gaseous feed stream, such as carbon dioxide and water, which forms solid salts. These salts are water soluble, so periodically, when the salt deposits build up, the reactor has to be taken off line and washed out. Crude dimethyl formamide from reactor was transferred to a settling tank where it was doped with water to prevent further reaction, any salts were allowed to settle out, and then the liquid phase was charged to an evaporator, which vaporises the dimethyl formamide and also removes the small amount of salt from bottom. Hot vapour from evaporator was fed to the light ends column, where methanol, water and any residual trace dimethyl amine were removed. The dimethyl formamide separated from methanol which contains traces of N,N-dimethyl amine was pumped into the product column, and the refined dimethyl formamide taken off as an overhead stream as 99.9% purity. N P T E L 2
3 Environmental protection In the case of fire around DMF plant, it has to be extinguished with water, dry chemical agents, or carbon dioxide. N,N-dimethylformamide is considered as a hazardous liquid respect to water pollution. So, the direct discharge of DMF into streams and lakes must be avoided. Nevertheless, it is easily biodegradable in waste water treatment plants. DMF emissions exceeding 3kg/h must be diluted; otherwise the corresponding off-gases must be treated with water or combusted. The content of DMF in air can be measured gas chromatography or with an infrared detector. Quality specification and analysis High purity DMF is required for any applications. By potentiometric titration the acid and base content of a DMF sample is established. The method for determining DMF depends upon the anticipated concentration: those above 10% may be quantified gas chromatography, while lower concentrations arc best measured with a double beam infrared photometer. If traces of DMF air expected as in wastewater, then a combination of chemical physical methods has to be employed. So, DMF can be hydrolyzed with acid. After that the solution is made alkaline and the resultant N,Ndimethylamine is distilled. DMF content can be calculated using refractive index or density. Engineering aspects DMF plant with CO as a raw material does not proffered if some problems occurs in the CO separation unit otherwise CO route can be used. Efforts for absorbing technology and making further improvements are only possible when the plant has been properly designed. The reaction of formamide and methanol is carried out as an alternative route to produce DMF. This process gives better yield and lower cost of production per unit production of DMF. N P T E L 3
4 PROPERTIES USES Molecular formula : C3H7NO Molecular weight : 73.09gm/mole Appearance : Colourless liquid Odour : Fishy, ammoniacal odour Boiling point : C Melting point : C Flash point : C Autoignition temperature : C Refractive index : at 20 0 C Density : 1.97gm/cm 3 Solubility : Miscible with water N,N-dimethylformamide used as a solvent and as an extractant, particularly for salts and compounds with high molecular mass As solvent in peptide coupling for pharmaceuticals, in the development and production of pesticides and in the manufacturing of adhesives, synthetic leathers, films and surface coatings As catalyst in synthesis of acyl halides, particularly in acyl chloride from carboxylic acid using thionyl chloride Effective at separating and suspending carbon nanotubes It can be utilized as a standard in proton NMR allowing for a quantitative determination of an unknown chemical To recover olefins such as 1,3-butadienevia extractive distillation In the manufacturing of solvent dyes as an important raw material Industrial acetylene gas is dissolved in DMF and stored in metal cylinders As a solvent for polymers in the preparation of polyacrylonitrile solutions for the manufacture of fibrous polyacrylonitrile As a solvent in the preparation of high-quality surfaces based on polyurethane, which are otherwise difficult to solubilize, and it is employed as a solvent for coating surfaces with polyamides As a solvent for wire enamel formulated with polyamides, polyesterimides Its solubilizing ability also makes it an effective component of paint removers As a selective solvent in a wide range of manufacturing process viz. in separating acetylene from ethylene; butadiene from C4cuts; and hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, or sulfur dioxide form CO2 N P T E L 4
5 containing gases Used by oil refiners to extract aromatic compounds from hydrocarbon mixtures Solutions of salts in specially purified DMF serve as fillers for electrolytic capacitors, a role made possible by the high dielectric constant of DMF In the synthesis of aldehydes, acetals, amides, amidines, esters, and heterocycles N P T E L 5
Module: 7. Lecture: 36
Module: 7 Lecture: 36 DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE INTRODUCTION Dimethylformamide is an organic compound and denotes as DMF. The name is derived from the fact that it is a derivative of formamide, the amide of formic
More informationModule: 5. Lecture: 29
Module: 5 Lecture: 29 METHYL CHLORIDE and Dichloromethane INTRODUCTION METHYL CHLORIDE Methyl chloride (CH3Cl) which is also known as chloromethane, R-40 or HCC 40, is a chemical compound of the group
More informationACETONE. PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS NO EINECS NO MOL WT H.S. CODE Oral rat LD50: 5800 mg/kg
ACETONE www.pawarchemicals.com PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION CAS NO 67-64-1 EINECS NO. 200-662-2 FORMULA (CH3)2C=O MOL WT. 58.08 H.S. CODE 2914.11 TOXICITY SYNONYMS Oral rat LD50: 5800 mg/kg Dimethyl ketone;
More informationLecture 25: Manufacture of Maleic Anhydride and DDT
Lecture 25: Manufacture of Maleic Anhydride and DDT 25.1 Introduction - In this last lecture for the petrochemicals module, we demonstrate the process technology for Maleic anhydride and DDT. - Maleic
More information*Basic info. P.3 *Naming convention P.4. *Class of amines
CONTENT *Basic info. P.3 *Naming convention P.4 *Physical property *Class of amines P57 P.5-7 P.8-18 BASIC INFO. Homologous series Primary alkamine Functional group Class of carbon compounds Amine (Aliphatic
More information5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY
5072 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH SPA) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY 5067 CHEMISTRY (NEW PAPERS WITH PRACTICAL EXAM) TOPIC 1: EXPERIMENTAL CHEMISTRY SUB-TOPIC 1.2 METHODS OF PURIFICATION AND ANALYSIS LEARNING
More informationGCSE Chemistry. Module C7 Further Chemistry: What you should know. Name: Science Group: Teacher:
GCSE Chemistry Module C7 Further Chemistry: What you should know Name: Science Group: Teacher: R.A.G. each of the statements to help focus your revision: R = Red: I don t know this A = Amber: I partly
More informationEdexcel Chemistry Checklist
Topic 1. Key concepts in chemistry Video: Developing the atomic model Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time. Describe the difference between the plum-pudding model of the atom and
More informationAQA Chemistry Checklist
Topic 1. Atomic structure Video: Atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in the periodic table, the elements in Groups 1 and 7, and other elements in this
More informationMengying Li.
Investigating the Techniques of Acid- Base Extraction by separating three dye compounds & Recrystallization by purifying Methyl Orange Mengying Li Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State
More informationIGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry
IGCSE (9-1) Edexcel - Chemistry Principles of Chemistry Element, Compounds and Mixtures NOTES 1.8: Understand how to classify a substance as an element, compound or mixture Classifications: S Class Element
More informationUniversal Indicator turns green. Which method is used to obtain pure solid X from an aqueous solution? A. mixture
1 The results of some tests on a colourless liquid X are shown. oiling point = 102 Universal Indicator turns green What is X? ethanol hydrochloric acid pure water sodium chloride (salt) solution 2 blue
More informationStructure of the chemical industry
CEE-Lectures on Industrial Chemistry Lecture 1. Crystallization as an example of an industrial process (ex. of Ind. Inorg. Chemistry) Fundamentals (solubility (thermodynamics), kinetics, principle) Process
More informationAngel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015
Grade 11B Angel International School - Manipay 1 st Term Examination November, 2015 Chemistry - I Duration: 1.00 Hour Part 1 1) A liquid boils at a temperature of 100 o C. Which other property of the liquid
More informationPETE 203: Properties of oil
PETE 203: Properties of oil Prepared by: Mr. Brosk Frya Ali Koya University, Faculty of Engineering, Petroleum Engineering Department 2013 2014 Lecture no. (2): Crude oil chemistry and composition 5. Crude
More informationExperimental techniques
Experimental techniques 2.1 Measurement Apparatus used in the lab: Name Use Picture Beaker Used to hold liquids Burette Used to add accurate volumes of liquid Conical Flask Used to hold liquids Crystallizing
More informationOCR Chemistry Checklist
Topic 1. Particles Video: The Particle Model Describe the main features of the particle model in terms of states of matter. Explain in terms of the particle model the distinction between physical changes
More information4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes. Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3. C2.1.1a Structure and bonding
Summary of changes This resource outlines the main changes that have been made to the assessment and subject content from our previous GCSE Chemistry (4402) to the new specification (8462). Our new specifications
More informationOrganic Chemistry Worksheets
Highlight the single longest, continuous carbon-carbon chain. Note the alkyl branches that are connected to the root chain. Count the carbons in the root chain, starting from the end closest to the alkyl
More informationCarbon dioxide removal processes by alkanolamines in aqueous organic solvents Hamborg, Espen Steinseth
University of Groningen Carbon dioxide removal processes by alkanolamines in aqueous organic solvents Hamborg, Espen Steinseth IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's
More informationPaper Atomic structure and the periodic table
Paper 1 4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table 4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic charge and isotopes Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in
More informationMixtures 1 of 38 Boardworks Ltd 2016
Mixtures 1 of 38 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Mixtures 2 of 38 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Pure and impure substances 3 of 38 Boardworks Ltd 2016 All materials can be classified as either a pure substance or an impure
More informationContact Process SULFURIC ACID. H 2 SO 4. The 3 Sources of Sulfur Dioxide. Frasch Process. Stage 1
SULFURIC ACID. H 2 SO 4 The 3 Sources of Sulfur Dioxide Combustion of natural deposits of elemental sulfur Combination of sulfur recovered from natural gas and crude oil SO 2 formed during the smelting
More informationAcyl chloride/ acid anhydride
3.14 Synthetic routes poly(alkene) dihalogenoalkane KH aqueous under reflux Nu Sub diol high pressure catalyst Step 1 H 2 S 4 EAdd Step 2 H 2 warm hydrolysis alcohol alkene conc. H 2 S 4 or conc. H 3 P
More informationSame theme covered in Combined but extra content Extra parts atomic symbols (first 20, Group 1 and Group 7)
Co-teaching document new ELC Science 5960 and Foundation Level GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy (8464) Chemistry: Component 3 Elements, mixtures and compounds ELC Outcomes Summary of content covered in ELC
More informationAQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 Topics T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table (Paper 1) To pic. Student Checklist
Personalised Learning Checklist AQA TRILOGY Chemistry (8464) from 2016 s T5.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table (Paper 1) State that everything is made of atoms and recall what they are 5.1.1 A simple
More informationAQA Chemistry (Combined Science) Specification Checklists. Name: Teacher:
AQA Chemistry (Combined Science) Specification Checklists Name: Teacher: Paper 1-4.1 Atomic structure and the periodic table 4.1.1 A simple model of the atom, symbols, relative atomic mass, electronic
More informationPersonalised Learning Checklists AQA Chemistry Paper 2
AQA Chemistry (8462) from 2016 Topics C4.6 The rate and extent of chemical change Calculate the rate of a chemical reaction over time, using either the quantity of reactant used or the quantity of product
More informationAffects pk a? Derivatization to Amides. Identify unknown. carboxylic acid
sodium salt of unknown aromatic + soluble impurities + insoluble impurities total insoluble impurities dissolve in water, filter aq. sol n of unk. sodium salt + sol. impurities account for all masses;
More informationMethods of purification
Methods of purification Question Paper 1 Level IGSE Subject hemistry (0620/0971) Exam oard ambridge International Examinations (IE) Topic Experimental techniques Sub-Topic Methods of purification ooklet
More information(a) Name the alcohol and catalyst which would be used to make X. (2)
1 The chemical X is an ester with formula CH 3 COOC(CH 3 ) 3 which occurs in raspberries and pears. It can be prepared in the laboratory by refluxing ethanoic acid with an alcohol in the presence of a
More informationChemistry Unit 1 C1 C2 C3
hemistry Unit 1 1 2 3 GRADE HEKERS 1 Revision - arbon hemistry Go to http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway/carbon_chemistry/. This is the link for the 1 unit on OR Gateway hemistry.
More informationmedia), except those of aluminum and calcium
1- Aspirin occurs as white crystals or as a white crystalline powder. 2- It is slightly soluble in water (1:300), soluble in alcohol (1 :5), chloroform (1:17) & ether (1:15). It dissolves easily in glycerin.
More informationSulfonation Chemistry more sustainable approaches RSC Symposium, Basel, June 1-2, Dr. Jörg Schrickel Marketing Manager Intermediates CABB AG
Sulfonation Chemistry more sustainable approaches RSC Symposium, Basel, June 1-2, 2016 Dr. Jörg Schrickel Marketing Manager Intermediates CABB AG Content Conventional sulfonation reactions Where they are
More informationReview Questions for the Chem 2315 Final Exam
Review Questions for the Chem 2315 Final Exam These questions do not have to be turned in, and will not be graded. They are intended to help you review the material we have covered in the lab so far, and
More informationCHAPTER 19: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives I
CHAPTER 19: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives I 19.1 Carboxylic Acids 19.2 Reactions of Carboxylic Acids 19.3 Esters Learning outcomes: (a) describe the formation of carboxylic acids from alcohols, aldehydes
More informationFigure S1 - Enzymatic titration of HNE and GS-HNE.
Figure S1 - Enzymatic titration of HNE and GS-HNE. Solutions of HNE and GS-HNE were titrated through their reduction to the corresponding alchools catalyzed by AR, monitoring the decrease in absorbance
More informationPHYSICAL SCIENCES/ P2 1 SEPTEMBER 2015 CAPS CAPE WINELANDS EDUCATION DISTRICT
PHYSICAL SCIENCES/ P2 1 SEPTEMBER 2015 CAPE WINELANDS EDUCATION DISTRICT MARKS 150 TIME 3 hours This question paper consists of 15 pages and 4 data sheets. PHYSICAL SCIENCES/ P2 2 SEPTEMBER 2015 INSTRUCTIONS
More informationDescribe how the inter-conversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and recall names used for these inter-conversions
Understand the arrangements, movements and energy of the particle in each of the 3 states of matter : solid, liquid and gas Describe how the inter-conversion of solids, liquids and gases are achieved and
More informationDepartment Curriculum and Assessment Outline
Timing Department: Science Year Group: 0 Teaching, learning and assessment during the course: Chemistry (Combined) C/C States of matter/methods of Separating and purifying substances C3 Atomic structure
More informationSEPARATION TECHNIQUES
SEPARATION TECHNIQUES If a substance does not dissolve in a solvent, we say that it is insoluble. For example, sand does not dissolve in water it is insoluble. Filtration is a method for separating an
More informationGCE O' LEVEL PURE CHEMISTRY (5073/02) Suggested Answers for 2016 O Level Pure Chemistry Paper 2
Section A (50 M) Aa) trend The number of electron shell increases The number of valence electrons increases Proton number increases There is a change in character from metallic to non-metallic Only true
More informationOCR Chemistry Checklist
Topic 1. Particles Video: The Particle Model Describe the main features of the particle model in terms of states of matter. Explain in terms of the particle model the distinction between physical changes
More informationAppendix 1. Periodic Table and Atomic Structure. History of the idea of elements.
Appendix 1 Detailed list of additions and deletions This appendix provides a detailed list of additions and deletions compared with the former (1983) Leaving Certificate Chemistry syllabus. Completely
More informationFoundation Support Workbook AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry topics. Sunetra Berry
Foundation Workbook AQA GCSE Combined Science Chemistry topics Sunetra Berry 224708 Foundation Workbook_Sample_Chemistry.indd 1 4/22/16 4:17 PM Contents Section 1 Atomic structure and the periodic table
More informationFLUDEOXYGLUCOSE ( 18 F) INJECTION: Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia (January 2009)
January 2009 FLUDEOXYGLUCOSE ( 18 F) INJECTION: Final text for addition to The International Pharmacopoeia (January 2009) This monograph was adopted at the Forty-third WHO Expert Committee on Specifications
More informationChromatography. Gas Chromatography
Chromatography Chromatography is essentially the separation of a mixture into its component parts for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The basis of separation is the partitioning of the analyte mixture
More informationSodium, Na. Gallium, Ga CHEMISTRY Topic #2: The Chemical Alphabet Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 11.1 to 11.4.
Sodium, Na Gallium, Ga CHEMISTRY 1000 Topic #2: The Chemical Alphabet Fall 2017 Dr. Susan Findlay See Exercises 11.1 to 11.4 Forms of Carbon The Chalcogens (Group 16) What is a chalcogen? Any element in
More informationLondon Examinations IGCSE
Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 4335/1F London Examinations IGCSE Chemistry Paper 1F Foundation Tier Wednesday 17 June 2009 Morning Time: 1 hour 30 minutes Materials required for examination
More information2B Air, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Water
Air, Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide and Water Air, oxygen and carbon dioxide are important chemicals in our everyday lives. Knowledge of their properties helps us to develop an understanding of the role they play.
More informationCHEM4. General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January Unit 4 Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry
Centre Number Surname Candidate Number For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials General Certificate of Education Advanced Level Examination January 2011 Question 1 2 Mark
More informationMethyl Salicylate Technical Package
Methyl Salicylate Technical Package Drug Master File CTD Format Module 3.2.S Open Part Version 1 MAY 2010 Compiled on behalf of JQC (Huayin) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Huayin City, Shaanxi, P. R. China Table
More informationWhat do each of the hazard warning symbols below mean?
Question 1 What do each of the hazard warning symbols below mean? Question 2 Draw a line to match the name of the separation technique to the type of mixture it is used to separate. filtration Used to
More informationSYNTHESIS OF 1-BROMOBUTANE Experimental procedure at macroscale (adapted from Williamson, Minard & Masters 1 )
SYNTHESIS OF 1-BROMOBUTANE Experimental procedure at macroscale (adapted from Williamson, Minard & Masters 1 ) Introduction 1-bromobutane is a primary alkyl halide (primary alkyl) and therefore it is produced
More informationUnit -2C Dr. N. K. Patel. IC 302: Unit Process, Synthetic dyes and Pharmaceuticals
Natubhai V. Patel College of Pure & Applied Sciences Syllabus T. Y. B.Sc. (Industrial chemistry) IC 302: Unit Process, Synthetic dyes and Pharmaceuticals UNIT 2C Esterification: Introduction, mechanism
More informationName:. Correct Questions = Wrong Questions =.. Unattempt Questions = Marks =
Name:. Correct Questions = Wrong Questions =.. Unattempt Questions = Marks = 1. Which salt is colorless? (A) KMn 4 (B) BaS 4 (C) Na 2 Cr 4 (D) CoCl 2 2. Which 0.10 M aqueous solution exhibits the lowest
More informationEdexcel GCSE Chemistry. Topic 2: States of matter and mixtures. Methods of separating and purifying substances. Notes.
Edexcel GCSE Chemistry Topic 2: States of matter and mixtures Methods of separating and purifying substances Notes 2.5 Explain the difference between the use of pure in chemistry compared with its everyday
More informationOCR Chemistry Checklist
Topic 1. Particles Video: The Particle Model Describe the main features of the particle model in terms of states of matter. Explain in terms of the particle model the distinction between physical changes
More informationEdexcel Chemistry Checklist
Topic 1. Key concepts in chemistry Video: Atomic Structure Recall the different charges of the particles that make up an atom. Describe why atoms have no overall charge. Use the periodic table to identify
More informationEdexcel Chemistry Checklist
Topic 1. Key concepts in chemistry Video: Developing the atomic model Describe how and why the atomic model has changed over time. Describe the difference between the plum-pudding model of the atom and
More informationA student prepared an ester by two different methods. alcohol + acid anhydride. alcohol + acyl chloride ...
Q1.Esters are used as raw materials in the production of soaps and biodiesel. (a) A student prepared an ester by two different methods. Method 1 Method 2 alcohol + acid anhydride alcohol + acyl chloride
More informationGCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry. Bonding. GCSE OCR Revision Chemistry
Particle Model and Atomic Structure The following symbols describe two different substances. Deduce all the information you can from these symbols. 13 C 12 6 6 C 1 Particle Model and Atomic Structure The
More informationChapter 10 Organic Reactions
Chapter 0 Organic Reactions Name: Class: Date: Time: 85 minutes Marks: 85 marks Comments: Page of 32 This question is about organic compounds. (a) Ethanol burns in air. Use the correct answer from the
More informationIGCSE(A*-G) Edexcel - Chemistry
IGCSE(A*-G) Edexcel - Chemistry Principles of Chemistry Atoms NOTES 1.8 Describe and explain experiments to investigate the small size of particles and their movement including: Dilution of coloured solutions
More informationGrade 12 Chemistry, University I
Grade 12 Chemistry, University I Monarch Park Collegiate SCH 4U Credit Value: 1 Course Outline prepared by: Monarch Park Chemistry Teachers Text Book: Nelson "Chemistry 12" Department Head: G. Nakashima
More informationJanuary 19, 2012, Workshop on Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) Rule Case Studies for Byproduct/Recycling Reporting
January 19, 2012, Workshop on Chemical Data Reporting (CDR) Rule Case Studies for Byproduct/Recycling Reporting Scenario 1 In its operations, ABC Company uses an etchant to strip copper off of a substrate.
More informationSTANDARD GRADE CHEMISTRY : GENERAL LEVEL
STANDARD GRADE CHEMISTRY : GENERAL LEVEL NEED TO KNOW SHEETS (BASED ON 1998 2006 EXAMS) TOPIC NO 1 -ide means two elements only ate/-ite means two elements + oxygen a solution contains a solid (solute)
More informationNaming Organic Halides. Properties of Organic Halides
Organic Compounds Organic Halides A hydrocarbon in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by halogen atoms Freons (chlorofluorocarbons) in refrigeration and air conditioning Teflon (polytetrafluoroethane)
More informationFertilisers. Topic 12 National 5 Chemistry Summary Notes
Fertilisers LI 1 Topic 12 National 5 Chemistry Summary Notes Chemistry is extremely important to the future of food production. As the population of the world increases, more and more efficient ways of
More informationLe Lycee Mauricien. Proposed Syllabus Chemistry (5070) - Form 5
Le Lycee Mauricien Proposed Syllabus 2017 Chemistry (5070) - Form 5 First Term 1. Metals Properties of metals - Physical properties of metals - Structure of alloys and uses Reactivity Series - Place metals
More informationProblem Solving. Percentage Yield
Skills Worksheet Problem Solving Percentage Yield Although we can write perfectly balanced equations to represent perfect reactions, the reactions themselves are often not perfect. A reaction does not
More informationSection A. 1 at a given temperature. The rate was found to be first order with respect to the ester and first order with respect to hydroxide ions.
2 Section A Answer all questions in the spaces provided. Question 1:The N/Arate of hydrolysis of an ester X (HCOOCH2CH2CH3) was studied in alkaline 1 at a given temperature. The rate was found to be first
More informationChapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry: The Central Science Chapter 25: The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry The study of carbon compounds constitutes a separate branch of chemistry known as organic chemistry The
More informationCONTENTS. Introduction...x. 1. Atomic Structure Radioactivity...10
CONTENTS Introduction...x Exam paper analysis...x Structure of exam and advice on core questions...x Timing for the exam...xii Exam strategy...xii Sample exam question: 2005 Q8 Higher level...xiii List
More informationPROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF 5-CYANOPHTHALIDE AND INTERMEDIATES USEFUL THEREIN.
ABSTRACT: PRCESS FR THE PREPARATIN F 5-CYANPHTHALIDE AND INTERMEDIATES USEFUL THEREIN. Process for the preparation of 5-cyanophthalide is disclosed which comprises reacting a pharmaceutically acceptable
More informationCovalent (sharing of electron pairs) Ionic ( electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions)
Covalent (sharing of electron pairs) Ionic ( electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions) Metallic (electrostatic attraction between + metal ions and delocalised electrons) Group 1 ions 1+
More informationAcids and Bases 2 Science Notes JC-Learn. JC-Learn. Science Notes Acids and Bases 2. 1 P a g e
JC-Learn Science Notes Acids and Bases 2 1 P a g e Acids and Bases 2 The two most common laboratory acids are hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The two most common laboratory bases are
More informationAll reversible reactions reach an dynamic equilibrium state. H 2 O+ CO H 2 +CO 2. Rate of reverse reaction (H 2 + CO 2 )
4.2 Equilibria Many reactions are reversible + 3H 2 2NH 3 All reversible reactions reach an dynamic equilibrium state. Dynamic equilibrium occurs when forward and backward reactions are occurring at equal
More informationCombined Science: Trilogy
Co-teaching GCSE Chemistry and GCSE Combined Science: Trilogy This high level co-teaching guide will help you plan your route through the course. You ll be able to see what common themes and topics span
More informationBoiling Point ( C) Boiling Point ( F)
Technical Data of Cannabinoids Solvents Chemical Formula FW (g/mol) Boiling Point ( C) Boiling Point ( F) Melting Point ( C) Density (g/ml) Solubility in Water (g/100 g) Flash Point ( C) Isopropyl alcohol
More informationName/CG: 2012 Term 2 Organic Chemistry Revision (Session II) Deductive Question
Name/G: 2012 Term 2 rganic hemistry Revision (Session II) Deductive Question 1(a) A yellow liquid A, 7 7 N 2, reacts with alkaline potassium manganate (VII) and on acidification gives a yellow solid B,
More informationChapter 20. Amines. Nomenclature for amines. Aryl amines
Nomenclature for amines Chapter 20 Common names are widely used, named as alkylamines Systematic (IUPAC) nomenclature replaces the -e of the corresponding parent alkane with -amine Amines Simple secondary
More informationZirconium in Organic Applications
Zirconium in Organic Applications INTRODUCTION Laboratory studies and case histories have established zirconium as the most corrosion resistant material of construction in many production methods involving
More informationCambridge IGCSE Chemistry. Topic 5: Electricity and chemistry. Notes.
Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Topic 5: Electricity and chemistry Notes Define electrolysis as The breakdown of an ionic compound, molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of electricity Describe the electrode
More informationInter-conversions of carbon compounds Inter-conversions between the functional groups Considerations in planning a synthetic route
Chapter 45 Inter-conversions of carbon compounds 45.1 Inter-conversions between the functional groups 45.2 Considerations in planning a synthetic route 45.3 Laboratory preparation of simple carbon compounds
More informationLondon Examinations GCE
Centre No. Candidate No. Paper Reference(s) 7081/02 London Examinations GCE Chemistry Ordinary Level Paper 2 Monday 17 January 2011 Morning Time: 2 hours Materials required for examination Nil Paper Reference
More informationAlcohols. Ethanol Production. 182 minutes. 181 marks. Page 1 of 25
3..10 Alcohols Ethanol Production 18 minutes 181 marks Page 1 of 5 Q1. Ethanol is produced commercially by fermentation of aqueous glucose, C 6 H 1 O 6 State two conditions, other than temperature, which
More informationElements and Their Oxides
Elements and Their Oxides An oxide is a. Oxides can form when an element reacts with oxygen, often in air. This reaction can be rapid with the release of a great deal of energy, as in the combustion of
More informationAMINES. 3. Secondary When two hydrogen atoms are replaced by two alkyl or aryl groups.
AMINES Amine may be regarded as derivative of ammonia formed by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by corresponding number of alkyl or aryl group CLASSIFICATION 1. Ammonia 2. Primary amine 3. Secondary
More informationYEAR 10- Chemistry Term 1 plan
YEAR 10- Chemistry Term 1 plan 2016-2017 Week Topic Learning outcomes 1 1. The particulate nature of matter State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases. Describe the structure of solids,
More informationOH, is an important feedstock for the chemical industry.
1 Methanol, CH 3 OH, is an important feedstock for the chemical industry. In the manufacture of methanol, carbon dioxide and hydrogen are reacted together in the reversible reaction shown below. CO 2 (g)
More informationName Date Class STATES OF MATTER
13 STATES OF MATTER Each clue describes a vocabulary term. Read the clues and write the letters of each term on the lines. 1. Clue: the energy an object has because of its motion. 2. Clue: results from
More informationAQA Chemistry Checklist
Topic 1. Atomic structure Video: Atoms, elements, compounds, mixtures Use the names and symbols of the first 20 elements in the periodic table, the elements in Groups 1 and 7, and other elements in this
More informationICSE-Science 2(Chemistry) 2009
ICSE-Science 2(Chemistry) 2009 Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately. You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes. This time is to be spent in reading
More informationTopic 1: Quantitative chemistry
covered by A-Level Chemistry products Topic 1: Quantitative chemistry 1.1 The mole concept and Avogadro s constant 1.1.1 Apply the mole concept to substances. Moles and Formulae 1.1.2 Determine the number
More informationSample Problem Set. Teacher Notes and Answers. Skills Worksheet PERCENTAGE YIELD. Name: Class: Date:
Skills Worksheet Sample Problem Set Teacher Notes and Answers PERCENTAGE YIELD 1. a. 64.3% yield b. 58.0% yield c. 69.5% yield d. CH 3 CH OH is limiting; 79% yield. a. 69.5% yield b. 79.0% yield c. 48%
More informationUnit C1: Chemistry in our world Page 1 of 5
Unit C1: Chemistry in our world Page 1 of 5 Lesson Specification learning outcomes Edexcel 360 Science Specification match Edexcel 360 Science GCSE Science Students Book page reference Additional information
More informationPMT GCE MARKING SCHEME. CHEMISTRY AS/Advanced
GE MARKING SEME EMISTRY AS/Advanced JANUARY 2011 4 SETIN A 1. (a) (i) 6 5 N 2 (1) the blue light is absorbed / there is no yellow light to be reflected / transmitted (1) equivalent (1) [3] (b) (i) aluminium
More informationIn the early version of the periodic table (by Newlands and then Mendeleev), how were the elements arranged?
Page 1 In the early version of the periodic table (by Newlands and then Mendeleev), how were the elements arranged? What can we say about the elements in the same group of the periodic table? Why is the
More informationEDEXCEL IGCSE chemistry (double award)
EDEXCEL IGCSE chemistry (double award) Section 1: Principles of chemistry a) States of matter 1.1 understand the three states of matter in terms of the arrangement, movement and energy of the particles
More information