Correlation and path coefficient analysis for seed cotton yield and its components in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Transcription

1 Agric. Sci. Digest, 35 (1) 2015: Print ISSN: X / Online ISSN: AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE Correlation and path coefficient analysis for seed cotton yield and its components in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) B. Srinivas, D. Bhadru and M.V. Brahmeswara Rao Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad , India. Received: Accepted: DOI: / ABSTRACT The present study was conducted on correlation and path coefficient analysis for seed cotton yield and its component traits in 56 crosses involving seven lines and eight testers. The results showed that number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, number of seeds per boll and 2.5% span length were positively and significantly correlated with seed cotton yield and the traits days to 50% flowering, uniformity ratio and micronaire value exhibited significant negative correlation. Similarly path coefficient analysis revealed that number of bolls per plant and boll weight exhibited maximum direct effect on yield. Key words: Cotton, Correlation, Genotypic, Path coefficient, Phenotypic, Seed cotton yield. INTRODUCTION Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an important commercial crop grown all over the world which is mainly grown for its fibre. With the modernization of spinning industry and quality conscious consumers, there is an increased emphasis on the production of superior quality cotton. Development of cotton varieties and hybrids having greater yield potential with acceptable fibre characteristics is the main objective of cotton breeders. Seed cotton yield, its components and fibre quality characters of a plant are heritable in nature (Poehlman and Sleper, 1995) and thus genetic improvement in all these characters through selection and breeding is possible. Correlation coefficient analysis measures the magnitude of relationship between various plant characters and determines the component character on which selection can be based for improvement in seed cotton yield and fibre quality. Hence, the present investigation was carried out to find the nature of genetic correlation among various characters and their direct and indirect influence on seed cotton yield of Gossypium hirsutum L. MATERIALS AND METHODS During kharif (2006) 56 intra hirsutum hybrids were developed following line x tester method involving 7 lines (CPD 420, Galama, NA 1325, L 389, IC , BC 68-2 and AKH 9331) as female parents and eight testers (HAG 1055, LK 861, L 604, JK 344, 4084, IC , LRA 5166 and L 761) as male parents. During kharif (2007), all the 56 hybrids along with 15 parents were raised at College Farm, Corresponding author s srinu.bdd@gmail.com. College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad in randomized block design replicated thrice each in two rows of 5 m length with a spacing of 120 x 60 cm. Five plants at random were taken in each entry and data on days to 50 per cent flowering, number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight (g), number of seeds per boll, ginning percentage (%), 2.5 % span length (mm), uniformity ratio, micronaire value (10-6 g/ in), bundle strength (g/tex) and seed cotton yield per plant (g) were recorded. The analysis of variance was carried out following Panse and Sukhatme (1978). Correlation coefficients between different characters were worked out as per Al-Jibouri et al. (1958). Genotypic correlation coefficients were further partitioned into direct and indirect effects by path analysis as suggested by Dewey and Lu (1959). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients and the genotypic and phenotypic path coefficients showing direct and indirect effects are presented in Table 1 and 2 respectively. In general higher genotypic correlation coefficients than the phenotypic correlation coefficients were observed in the present study which is in conformity with the findings of Desalegn et al. (2009) who reported chief role of genetic effects. This indicates the strong inherent association between characters governed largely by genetic causes and is generally less subjected to environmental forces.

2 14 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST TABLE 1: Phenotypic and genotypic correlation coefficients among seed cotton yield per plant and other characters in cotton * Significant at 5 per cent level; ** Significant at 1 per cent level The values in the parenthesis are genotypic correlations

3 Volume 35 Issue 1 (2015) TABLE 2: Phenotypic and Genotypic path coefficients of quality, yield and yield components in cotton Bold values are direct effects; Phenotypic residual effect = 0.48; Genotypic residual effect = 0.34 The values in the parenthesis are genotypic path coefficients

4 16 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST Computation of correlation between yield and yield attributing traits is of considerable importance in plant selection. In the present study seed cotton yield showed significant positive association with yield attributing traits viz., number of monopodia per plant, number of sympodia per plant, number of bolls per plant, boll weight and number of seeds per boll indicating the increase in seed cotton yield is due to increase in one or more of the above traits. Similarly, significant positive association of seed cotton yield was observed by Erande et al.(2014) for number of monopodia, number of sympodia, number of bolls and boll weight, (Farooq et al. 2014)for number of bolls and boll weight, (Vinodhana et al.2013)for number of bolls, (Ekinci et al. 2010) for number of sympodia, number of bolls and boll weight, (Preetha and Raveendran 2007) for number of bolls and boll weight and Iqbal et al. (2003) for number of monopodia, number of sympodia, number of bolls and boll weight. The close association between yield and yield attributing traits can be exploited in selection programme which might be helpful in evolving high yielding genotypes. Among the fibre quality traits, only 2.5% span length exhibited significant positive correlation with the seed cotton yield, similar results were obtained by Erande et al. (2014) for 2.5 % span length, whereas, uniformity ratio and micronaire value found to exhibit negative association with seed cotton yield which might be due to the balanced compensation of either of the trait Desalegn et al. (2009). Similarly negative association of seed cotton yield was reported by Erande etal. (2014) with micronaire value, fibre strength and uniformity ratio, (Ahuja et al. 2006) for 2.5 % span length, (Desalegn et al. 2009) for fibre strength and uniformity ratio, (Vinodhana et al. 2013) for 2.5 % span length and Rajarathinam et al. (1993) for micronaire value. Days to 50 % flowering exhibited negative and significant correlation with the seed cotton yield indicating the selection for these traits results in improvement of high yielding and early genotypes, on the contrary, positive and significant association between these two traits was reported by Narisi Reddy and Ratna Kumari (2004). The characters ginning outturn and bundle strength exhibited non-significant association with seed cotton yield. Similar results were reported by Dinakaran et al. (2012), Ahuja et al. (2006) and Preetha and Raveendran (2007). Regarding correlations among the yield contributing characters (Table 1), the trait number of sympodia per plant exhibited significant and positive association with number of bolls (Muthuswamy and Vivekanandan (2004), Ashokkumar and Ravikesavan (2010) and Erande et al. (2014)) and boll weight (Shanti and Selvaraj (1993) and Farooq et al. (2014) whereas, number of bolls per plant showed significant and positive association with number of seeds per boll. Boll weight exhibited significant positive association with number of seeds per boll (Sangeetha (1998). These results clearly indicated that selection for any one of these traits lead to concurrent improvement of other traits as well as seed cotton yield. Among the fibre quality traits, ginning percentage had significant negative association with 2.5 % span length and bundle strength (Vinodhana et al. 2013), whereas it had significant positive association with uniformity ratio and micronaire value (Erande et al. (2014). The trait 2.5 % span length showed significant negative association with uniformity ratio and micronaire value whereas, it had significant positive association with bundle strength. Similar findings were reported by Erande et al. (2014), Farooq et al. (2014), Vinodhana et al. (2013),Desalegn (2009) and Bharad et al. (1999). Uniformity ratio exhibited significant negative association with bundle strength (Desalegn 2009) and positive association with micronaire value (Erande et al. 2014). The character micronaire value exhibited significant negative association with bundle strength (Preetha and Raveendran (2007)). A negative correlation of fibre length and strength with the micronaire vale and uniformity ratio confirmed a similar direction of improvement for these traits, indicating that stronger, longer and fine fibres could be the main target for selection in cotton. The association between yield components and fibre parameters revealed significant negative association of number of bolls and boll weight with uniformity ratio, number of monopodia with ginning percentage and boll weight with micronaire value. These negative correlations between yield and quality traits make the selection procedure difficult where both the parameters have to be developed simultaneously. Meredith and Bridge (1971) found that linkage was primary cause for negative correlation between yield and fibre quality traits and recommended inter mating to break this association. Whereas significant positive association of 2.5 % span length was observed with number of sympodia, number of bolls and boll weight indicated that these important yield contributing traits were a good indicators of 2.5 % span length improvement. It is essential to resort to the path analysis to know the exact forces that are involving in the strengthening of the total correlation. Path analysis studies (Table 2) indicated that number of bolls per plant had maximum direct effect on seed cotton yield per plant, whereas number of sympodia, boll weight, number of seeds per boll, micronaire value and 2.5 % span length exhibited low to negligible levels of direct effect on seed cotton yield. For the trait micronaire value, it exhibited positive direct effect on yield, but the correlation between these two traits is negative which is an indication of

5 Volume 35 Issue 1 (2015) undesirable indirect effects which have to be nullified in order to make use of the direct effect. Therefore, a restricted selection model of direct selection for such traits is suggested for obtaining yield improvement. Similarly, Erande et al. (2014), Vinodhana et al. (2013), Preetha and Raveendran (2007), Ahuja et al. (2006), Iqbal et al. (2006), Narisi Reddy and Ratna Kumari (2004), Iqbal et al. (2003) and Hussain et al. (2000) observed positive and direct effect of one or other of above characters on seed cotton yield, whereas days to 50 % flowering, ginning percentage, uniformity ratio and bundle strength exhibited low to negligible level of negative direct effect on seed cotton yield. Thus, these studies revealed that, the traits which had positive and direct effect on seed cotton yield should be given due to emphasis for making selection for high yielding genotypes. In the present study, number of bolls per plant exhibited positive indirect effect on seed cotton yield via number of sympodia, 2.5 % span length, number of seeds per boll and number of monopodia and negative indirect effect via micronaire value, whereas boll weight exhibited positive indirect effect on yield via number of seeds per boll. Among the fibre quality traits, uniformity ratio showed positive indirect effect on yield via 2.5 % span length, while micronaire exhibited indirect effect via ginning percentage and uniformity ratio on seed cotton yield and negative indirect effect via 2.5% span length and bundle strength. These results are in agreement with the findings of Kaushik et al. (2005) and Iqbal et al. (2006). The results discussed above indicate that correlation and direct and indirect effect estimates vary for different traits with variation in genetic material based on yield component traits and fibre properties. Hence, correlations and direct and indirect effect estimation would provide useful information for planning a successful breeding programme if the genetic material is grouped for yield and fibre quality characters and also it is essential to device suitable breeding methodologies for simultaneous improvement of both yield and quality parameters involving three way crosses, modified back crosses or recurrent selection. REFERENCES Ahuja SL, Dhayal LS and Prakash R (2006). A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components in G. hirsutum L. Hybrids by usual and fibre quality grouping. Turk. J. Agric. 30: Al-Jibouri HA, Millar PA and Robinson HP (1958). Genotypic and environmental variances and covariances is an upland cotton cross of interspecific origin. Agron. J. 50: Ashokkumar and Ravikesavan R (2010). Genetic studies of correlation and path coefficient analysis for seed oil, yield and fibre quality traits in cotton (G. hirsutum L.) Aust. J. Basic. Appl. Sci. 4(11): Bharad LD, Meshram and Khorgade PW (1999). Genetic variability and character association in naturally coloured cotton (G.hirsutum L.). J. Indian. Soc. Cotton. Improv. 24(3): Desalegn Z, Ratanadilok N and Kaveeta R (2009). Correlation and heritability for yield and fiber quality parameters of Ethiopian Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) estimated from 15 (diallel) crosses. Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 43: Dewey DR and Lu R H (1959). A correlation and path coefficient analysis of components of crested wheatgrass seed production. Agron. J. 51: Dinakaran E, Thirumeni S and Paramasivam K (2012). Yield components analysis in upland cotton Yield and fibre quality components analysis in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) under salinity. Annals of Biological Research, 3(8): Ekinci R, Basbag S and Gencer O (2010). Path Coefficient Analysis between seed cotton yield and some characters in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Journal of Environmental Biology. 31(5) Erande CS, Kalpande HV, Deosarkar DB, Chavan SK, Patil VS, Deshmukh JD, Chinchane VN, Anil Kumar, Utpal Dey and Puttawar MR (2014). Genetic variability, correlation and path analysis among different traits in desi cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) African J. Agril. Res. 9(29): Farooq J, Anwar J, Riaz M, Farooq M, Mahmood A, Shahid A, Rafiq MTH and Ilahi F (2014). Correlation And Path coefficient analysis of earliness, fiber quality and yield contributing traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 24(3): Hussain SS, Azhar FM and Mohamood I (2000). Path coefficient and correlation analysis of some important traits of Gossypium hirsutum L. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 3(9): Iqbal M, Chang MA, Iqbal MZ, Hassan M, Nasir A and Islam N (2003). Correlation and path coefficient analysis of earliness and agronomic characters of upland cotton in multan. Pakistan J.Agron. 2(3): Iqbal M, Hayat K, Khan RSA, Sadiq A and Islam N (2006). Correlation and path coefficient analysis of earliness and yield traits in cotton (G. hirsutum L.) Asian J.Pl.Sci., 5(2):

6 18 AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE DIGEST Kaushik SK, Singhania DL and Kapoor CJ (2005). Correlation and path analysis among different traits in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L). J. cott. Res. and Dev.19(2): Meredith WR and Bridge RR (1971). Break up of linkage blocks in cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Crop Sci. 11: Muthuswamy A and Vivekanandan P (2004). Correlation studies on seed cotton yield and its components in hirsuftum cotton (G. hirsutum L.). J. Indian Soc. Cott. Improv. 29: 7-9. Narisi Reddy A and Ratna Kumari S (2004). Association of physiological parameters with yield and yield components in American cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Madras Agric. J. 91(7-12): Panse VG and Sukhatme PV (1978). Statistical Methods for Agricultural Workers: Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi. Poehlman MJ and Sleper DA (1995). Breeding Field Crops: Iowa State University, Press, Ames. Preetha S and Raveendran TS (2007). Genetic variability and association analysis in three different morphological groups of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Asian J.Pl. Sci. 6(1): Rajarathinam S, Nadarajan N and Sukanyasubramaniam S (1993). Genetic variability and association analysis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). J. Indian Soc. Cott. Improv. 18: Sangeetha K (1998). Character association of quality traits on yield and yield components in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, ANGRAU, Hyderabad. Shanti N and Selvaraj U (1993). Association of yield related characters in cotton (G. hirsutum L.). J. Indian Soc. Cott. Improv. 18: Vinodhana KN, Gunasekaran M and Vindhiyavarman P (2013). Genetic Studies of Variability, Correlation and Path Coefficient analysis in Cotton genotypes. Int. J. Pure App. Biosci. 1(5): 6-10.