Lab #5 Multicellular Marine Primary Producers. Part 1: Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic Pigments
|
|
- Shanna Griffith
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Lab #5 Multicellular Marine Primary Producers Part 1: Photosynthesis and Photosynthetic Pigments Introduction Photosynthesis is a fundamental life process upon which all living things depend. Organisms that practice photosynthesis are using energy from the sun to produce food (glucose). The basic equation for photosynthesis is as follows: 6CO 2 + 6H 2 O C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2. This process is accomplished by a large number of enzymes and pigments which are usually contained within an organelle, the chloroplast. In the simplest explanation, the chloroplast captures energy from the sun and uses it to combine carbon dioxide and water to form sugars (food) and oxygen. Of course, it is an incredible complex process involving many steps and many enzymes and pigments. The pigments used in photosynthesis can be categorized into three groups, chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobilins. Chlorophyll a is central to the absorption of light energy and can be found in all photosynthesizing plants and algae. Since chlorophyll a can absorb only a small number of the available wavelengths from the sun, other pigments serve as accessories by collecting additional wavelengths and transferring the energy to chlorophyll a. Other pigments aid photosynthesis by protecting the essential pigments from excessive sun damage. Different taxonomic groups (red algae, brown algae, green algae.) utilize different accessory pigments and those pigments can vary in quantity within the taxonomic groups resulting in the huge variety of color amongst photosynthesizing organisms. The energy emitted from the sun comes in a full spectrum of wavelengths. The visible portion of this spectrum can be further divided into specific colors which correspond to specific wavelengths. For example the wavelengths between 500 and 550 nanometers appear green in color. Additionally, the visible wavelengths of light are used by plants for photosynthesis. In the ocean, photosynthesis is a challenge because some of the visible wavelengths of light are quickly absorbed by the sea water. Only the blue wavelengths of light penetrate deeper than the first few meters and coincidentally are not very useful for photosynthesis. This explains the abundance of photosynthesizing organisms in the shallow subtidal and their steep decline in abundance as you move deeper into the ocean. Seaweeds have developed specific adaptations to deal with this challenge including the production of pigments to harvest the limited light available as well as morphological adaptations. Kelps utilize air bladders to float to the surface where more light is available and kelps and other seaweeds produce large blades to maximize light absorption. We will investigate the variety of pigments found within photosynthesizing organisms. Initially we must extract the pigments from the seaweed and then we can utilize chromatography to visualize them. Extraction The method we will use to extract the pigments from seaweeds is the hyperosmotic shock method. The photosynthetic pigments of the seaweeds are contained and embedded within the chloroplast membranes as well as the plasma membrane. These membranes need to be broken down to release the pigments and this can be done mechanically by grinding the seaweeds with brute force or hyperosmotically by exposing the cells to a solution that is so salty
2 that the water rushes out of the cells and the membranes collapse. We will use this latter procedure because it is more convenient. Follow the instructions below. 1. Obtain a 20g sample of your specimen (red algae, brown algae, green algae or plant). 2. Cut your specimen into pieces no larger than 1cm 2 and place them in a 100ml beaker. 3. Add enough 6M NaCl solution to your beaker to completely submerge your sample. 4. Wait 5 minutes. 5. Remove your specimen from the beaker and blot it dry. 6. Clean and dry your beaker. 7. Replace your specimen in the clean & dry beaker and pour enough 95% methanol into the beaker to just cover your sample be very careful not to add too much methanol! 8. Place it immediately into the dark for 30 minutes. 9. Pour the extract into a vial with a lid or a small beaker covered with aluminum foil and place on ice to preserve the pigments for further use. Throw the seaweed tissue into the trash and clean your glassware. Chromatography Chromatography is a technique in which molecules in a solution can be separated and visualized. Fortunately, pigment molecules already have color, so they are easy to see once they are separated. The technique we will employ to separate them relies on their differences in molecular weight and polarity. We will place a sample of each extract on a strip of paper and place it vertically in a large test tube with a small amount of solvent at the bottom. As the solvent is absorbed into and up the paper, it will dissolve and carry the pigments up with it. The smaller pigments will be carried up faster than the large pigments and when the solvent has reached the top of the paper, the pigments will have separated out. Follow the steps below to separate the pigments of your specimen. 1. Obtain a strip of chromatography paper, a capillary tube, a large test tube and a beaker to set the test tube in. 2. Place the tip of your capillary tube into your extract and then place that tip onto a spot 1cm from the tip of your chromatography paper, see image below. 3. Wave your paper in the air until the spot dries. 4. Repeat application of extract and drying 5 more times. 5. Place 1 ml of solvent in the bottom of your test tube. 6. Place the chromatography strip in the test tube point down and replace the stopper. 7. Place the test tube in the beaker and allow it to sit unmoved until you can see that the solvent has moved to within 5 milimeters of the top edge. 8. Remove the strip and place it on your counter until it has dried (approx. 1 minute) 9. Identify the pigment bands using the chart below and record the distance traveled for each pigment on your data sheet. Pigment Name Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll c Carotene Xanthophylls Fucoxanthin Color on strip Blue-green Yellow-green Light green Orange Brown Orange-brown
3 Sketch the bands on the chromatography paper below Chromatograph for the red algae Chromatograph for the brown algae Chromatograph for the green algae Chromatograph for the plant Label the pigment bands on the chromatograph above and enter the distance they traveled (mm) in the chart below. Use the information provided on the previous page to identify your bands. Pigment Name Red alga Brown alga Green alga Plant Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll c Carotene Xanthophylls Fucoxanthin Which pigment is the smallest?
4 Part 2: Survey of Multicellular Marine Primary Producers Introduction The photosynthesizing organisms of the ocean come in a variety of forms and sizes. They are members of the Kingdom (Domain) Bacteria, Kingdom Plantae, and Kingdom Protista. They include microscopic organisms like cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates as well as large rockweeds and enormous kelps. The classification of the multicellular algae is controversial, and your textbook has included them in the Kingdom Protista that is an antiquated group. There are fundamental differences among the groups of algae that suggest they belong to more than one kingdom. Our understanding of the relationships among the Protista and other kingdoms is growing rapidly with the use of molecular data, but no final organization has yet been agreed upon. Rather than burden you with the current ambiguity, we will use the classification used in your textbook with the understanding that it will soon change. The multicellular algae are found in shallow aquatic habitats worldwide and commonly referred to as seaweeds. These seaweeds can be subdivided into the red algae (Division Rhodophyta), green algae (Division Chlorophyta) and brown algae (Division Phaeophyta). The red and brown algae are found almost exclusively in marine environments. These organisms as well as the green algae create a significant habitat for many invertebrate animals (crabs, worms, shrimps, etc.) as well as fish and some mammals. Additionally, they contribute to their local food chains both as a direct food source to herbivores and, as they dissolve, food for bacteria and small zooplankton. Each group of seaweeds has its own very unique set of photosynthetic pigments that result in their distinctive colors. In addition each seaweed group has unique cell wall components, energy storage molecules and chloroplast structure indicating they do not share a recent common ancestor. There are relatively few species of the Kingdom Plantae in the ocean, and they are represented by the seagrasses here on our coast. You may have a chance to look at a few specimens of seagrass in class. These organisms differ from the algae not only in that they have vascular tissue to transport water and nutrients but they also produce fruits and flowers. The members of the Kingdom Plantae all use a very similar set of photosynthetic pigments resulting in their distinctive green color and they share this suite of pigments in common with the green algae suggesting a close evolutionary relationship. Procedure You will examine representative specimens of brown, green, and red algae along with seagrasses (if possible). These may be live, preserved, or herbarium specimens. If the specimen is alive, place it in a glass dish on a sheet of white paper. Be sure to keep the specimen moist. Preserved specimens must remain in their sealed containers. If you are working with herbarium specimens, study them on a flat surface. Avoid bending the preparation. Keep them horizontal when moving them from one location to another. Sketch the specimens and note their sizes, shapes, colors, and conspicuous structures. It is very important that you make your own observations and your own drawings. It is unacceptable to copy someone else s drawing.
5 Scientific name: Scientific name: Phylum / Division: Phylum / Division: Scientific name: Scientific name: Phylum / Division: Phylum / Division:
6 Scientific name: Scientific name: Phylum / Division: Phylum / Division: Scientific name: Scientific name: Phylum / Division: Phylum / Division:
7 Questions 1. What is the function of the: holdfast? blade? air bladder? 2. Describe two ways seaweeds participate in food webs. 3. How are seagrasses different from green algae? 4. How are seagrasses similar to green algae? 5. Please use a short description or simple sketch to define the following terms used to describe seaweed morphologies. Blade - Filament - Branching - Coralline - Crustose -
8 Part 3: Products Derived From Algae As you learned in lecture, many products that we use in our daily lives have ingredients that are derived from algae. Take a look at the products that have been brought into the lab for you and note the division from which they come. Products that are derived from brown algae (Phaeophyta) Products that are derived from red algae (Rhodophyta) Are there any products derived from green algae? What word(s) should you look for on an ingredient list to determine if the product contains a brown-algal derivative? What word(s) should you look for on an ingredient list to determine if the product contains a redalgal derivative?
Aquatic Ancestors of Land Plants
Aquatic Ancestors of Land Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Photosynthetic Live in aqueous environments (ie. In or near water) Lack internal tubes to move water and materials from one part of the
More informationPhotosynthesis. Introduction
Photosynthesis Learning Objectives: Explain the importance of photosynthetic pigments for transformation of light energy into chemical bond and the advantage of having more than one pigment in the same
More informationPhotosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Introduction... 2 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are energy conversion processes... 2 Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration are enzyme pathways... 3 Photosynthesis...
More informationMarine Plants. Marine Ecology. Activity 2
Marine Plants The ocean contains many plants and plantlike organisms. Some are similar to plants we see on land while others are very different. All of these plants have one thing in common they are primary
More informationAP Biology Lab 4 PLANT PIGMENTS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AP Biology Laboratory Date: Name and Period: AP Biology Lab 4 PLANT PIGMENTS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS OVERVIEW In this lab you will: 1. separate plant pigments using chromatography, and 2. measure the rate of
More informationBiology 11. Day 4 Classification of Algae
Biology 11 Day 4 Classification of Algae Learning Objectives: Become familiar with biological nomenclature Distinguish between Rhodophyta, Phaeophyta, and Chlorophyta Identify features of each body type
More informationProtists: Algae Lecture 5 Spring Protist Phylogeny. Meet the algae. Primary & Secondary Endosymbiosis. Endosymbiosis. Secondary Endosymbiosis
Meet the algae Protists: Algae Lecture 5 Spring 2014 Protist Phylogeny 1 Primary & Secondary Endosymbiosis 2 Algae - Not monophyletic What unites them as a group? Range from unicellular to multicellular
More informationProtists: Algae Lecture 5 Spring 2014
Protists: Algae Lecture 5 Spring 2014 Meet the algae 1 Protist Phylogeny Algae - Not monophyletic What unites them as a group? Range from unicellular to multicellular From phytoplankton to kelp forests
More informationBiology 3A Laboratory Photosynthesis
Biology 3A Laboratory Photosynthesis Objectives To observe the spectral absorbance of a mixed chlorophyll sample To separate and identify several common plant pigments using paper chromatography To investigate
More informationBIOL 221 Concepts of Botany
BIOL 221 Concepts of Botany Topic 13: Photosynthesis A. Introduction Through photosynthesis, the abundant energy from the sun is collected and converted into chemical forms by photosynthetic organisms
More informationNOVEMBER DAILY PERFORMANCE RUBRIC Name Period: Each Item is worth 2 points for a total of 10 points possible per day - This will be a TEST grade!
NOVEMBER DAILY PERFORMANCE RUBRIC Name Period: 1 Each Item is worth 2 points for a total of 10 points possible per day - This will be a TEST grade! Date On Time to Class Have Biology Notebook Start Do
More informationLook For the Following Key Ideas
Look For the Following Key Ideas * Energy flows through living systems, but matter is recycled. * Primary producers, called autotrophs, synthesize glucose by the process of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
More informationLesson: Primary Production
Lesson: Primary Production By Keith Meldahl Corresponding to Chapter 14: Primary Producers Microscopic phytoplankton -- tiny single-celled plants that float at the ocean s surface, are the ultimate food
More informationBiology. Slide 1of 39. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Biology 1of 39 2of 39 20-4 Plantlike Protists: Red, Brown, and Green Algae Plantlike Protists: Red, Brown and Green Algae Most of these algae are multicellular, like plants. Their reproductive cycles are
More informationTopic 9. Exercises on Photosynthesis. I. Where Photosynthesis Occurs in Plant Cells
Topic 9. Exercises on Photosynthesis The pathways of photosynthesis and respiration are quite different. However, at the global level, one is perfectly complementary to the other as the end products of
More informationBio 6 Photosynthesis Lab
Bio 6 Photosynthesis Lab Introduction In order to survive, organisms require a source of energy and molecular building blocks to construct all of their biological molecules. The ultimate source of energy
More informationChromatography. Investigation Photosynthetic Pigments. Do all leaves contain the same pigments?
Investigation Photosynthetic Pigments Materials For Group of 2 - Fresh spinach leaves - Wet erase marker - Chromatography paper - 2 Vials with caps - Scissors - Developer solution (Lighter fluid + Acetone,
More informationBio Ch 6 Photosynthesis Notes
Bio Ch 6 Photosynthesis Notes I. Photosynthesis Basics A. What is photosynthesis? 1. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction in which light energy is converted to chemical energy in glucose. 2. It is the
More informationTerrestrial Sequestration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Science
Terrestrial Sequestration Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Science Goal: Students define key terms and link plant cellular functions based on experimental data and observations. Objectives: Students
More informationIn this lab we will examine phoptosynthesis, one. organisms convert energy from an unusable form. to a usable chemical form (photosynthesis), an
Lab: Photosynthesis Introduction: In this lab we will examine phoptosynthesis, one of the two major processes by which most organisms convert energy from an unusable form The Scientific Method: As you
More informationChapter 5: Marine Algae & Plants
Chapter 5: Marine Algae & Plants Marine Algae Belong to the kingdom Protista Seaweeds are multicellular algae. We will learn about 3 types: green, red, and brown. Algae are Nonvascular Vascular Plants:
More informationLAB 7 Photosynthesis
LAB 7 Photosynthesis Introduction In order to survive, organisms require a source of energy and molecular building blocks to construct all of their biological molecules. The ultimate source of energy for
More informationPhotosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy and its subsequent use in the synthesis of organic molecules.
Photosynthesis Photosynthesis is the conversion of light energy to chemical energy and its subsequent use in the synthesis of organic molecules. In its simplest form the process can be expressed as: Carbon
More informationLAB #6 Chromatography Techniques
LAB #6 Chromatography Techniques Objectives: To learn how to story board a procedure Explain how a chromatograph of pigments is formed from both paper and thin layer chromatography. Isolate and identify
More informationPlankton. -Plankton are almost always at the bottom of the food chain in any marine environment, making them possibly the most important group.
Plankton -Plankton are almost always at the bottom of the food chain in any marine environment, making them possibly the most important group. -The word plankton isn t necessarily a technical science term,
More informationKingdom Protista. The following organisms will be examined in the lab today: Volvox, Oedogonium, Spirogyra, Ulva
Kingdom Protista I. Introduction The protists are a diverse group of organisms. In the past they have been classified as fungi, plants and animals. They can be green, autotrophs or nongreen heterotrophs.
More informationCellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Imagine an abandoned house that is falling apart. Restoring order to the house will require an input of energy (for example: hammering nails, applying paint). Living
More information4 Marine Biology Notes. Multi-cellular Primary Producers: Seaweeds and Plants
4 Marine Biology Notes Multi-cellular Primary Producers: Seaweeds and Plants Marine Algae Marine algae are important primary producers (photosynthetic) These algae are called by a generic term seaweeds
More informationComplete the notes on photosynthesis in the spaces below.
Section: 3.2 Name: Opening Activity: What type of energy is absorbed by pigment molecules in plant cells to start photosynthesis? Latin Root Word: Review of Old Information: ATP then provides the energy
More informationDO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST Topic 3- Cells and Transport
Topic 3- Cells and Transport 1. All of the following are true regarding cells except? A) All cells have genetic material B) All cells have cell walls C) All cells have plasma membranes D) All cells can
More informationThe grade 5 English science unit, Plants, meets the academic content standards set in the Korean curriculum, which state students should:
This unit deals with the structures and functions of plant organs including roots, stems, leaves, and flowers. Students learn that a plant is sustained by the systematic functioning of all its organs.
More informationUnit 8: Energy Conversions in Cells
Unit 8: Energy Conversions in Cells Name: Period: Test Date: 1 Table of Contents Title of Page Page Number Due Date Unit 8 Warm-Ups 3-4 Notes 5-6 Chloroplast (Read and color) 7-8 Starch Production in Photosynthesis
More informationINTRODUCTION prokaryotic eukaryotic pigments
INTRODUCTION This exercise is intended for you to get familiar and comfortable with using a microscope as well as identifying common microbial groups. Thus, we will observe representatives of all microbes
More informationPLANT PIGMENTS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS LAB
AP BIOLOGY CELLULAR ENERGETICS ACTIVITY #6 NAME DATE HOUR PLANT PIGMENTS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS LAB OBJECTIVES: After completing this lab you should be able to: 1. separate pigments and calculate their R f
More informationAP Biology Review Chapters 6-8 Review Questions Chapter 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Chapter 8: Cellular Respiration
AP Biology Review Chapters 6-8 Review Questions Chapter 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes 1. Understand and know the first and second laws of thermodynamics. What is entropy? What happens when entropy
More informationSPINACH LEAF CHROMATOGRAPHY. Photosynthesis and Respiration Unit
SPINACH LEAF CHROMATOGRAPHY Photosynthesis and Respiration Unit OBJECTIVE Identify the pigment chlorophyll and other colored pigments, and explain how the color that is seen is the color of light reflected
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes. Fungi. Chemoheterotrophic. Have cell walls typically composed of chitin. Do not perform photosynthesis
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophic Have cell walls typically
More informationOutcome: Explain the process of photosynthesis.
Outcome: Explain the process of photosynthesis. Warm-up: 1. Compare the two types of cells. Give examples for each. 2. Using double bubble map, differentiate plants and animal cells. 3. What organelles
More information(review) Organization of life
Marine life: the plankton Production & Energy Transfer Part of Chapter 12, Chapter 13 (review) Organization of life Prokaryotes (usually no nucleus simple life forms) Domain Archaea: : most are extremophiles
More informationPeriod: Date: Marine Science Midyear Exam Study Guide & Review This packet will be collected on the day of the exam for 2 HOMEWORK GRADES.
Marine Science Midyear Exam Study Guide & Review This packet will be collected on the day of the exam for 2 HOMEWORK GRADES. Topics: Intro: the water planet; scientific method Properties of Water Tides,
More informationMajor groups of algae
Algae general features. All are protists They require moist environments because they lack a cuticle They lack vascular tissues Algae are photosynthetic and reproduce both sexually and asexually Major
More informationPhotosynthesis and Life
7-1 Chapter 7 Photosynthesis and Life During photosynthesis Organisms use the energy of light to build highenergy organic molecules. Plants, algae, and some bacteria can do this. Can make their own food
More informationAP Biology Review Chapters 6-8 Review Questions Chapter 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes Chapter 7: Photosynthesis Chapter 8: Cellular Respiration
AP Biology Review Chapters 6-8 Review Questions Chapter 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes 1. Understand and know the first and second laws of thermodynamics. What is entropy? What happens when entropy
More informationCharacterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes. Fungi. Chemoheterotrophic. Have cell walls typically composed of chitin. Do not perform photosynthesis
PowerPoint Lecture Presentations prepared by Mindy Miller-Kittrell, North Carolina State University C H A P T E R 12 Characterizing and Classifying Eukaryotes Chemoheterotrophic Have cell walls typically
More informationPhysical Separations and Chromatography
Lab #5A & B: Physical Separations and Chromatography Individual Objectives: At the end of these experiments you should be able to: Ø Distinguish between Rf and tr; chromatograph and chromatogram; adsorption
More informationPhotosynthesis. From Sunlight to Sugar
Photosynthesis From Sunlight to Sugar What is Photosynthesis? Photosynthesis is a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars used as food for producers. The light energy is stored as chemical
More informationPhotosynthesis Questions C. 2. Chloro means- and plast-. Thylakoid. 3. Where does photosynthesis occur? In the c which contains chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis Name- Date- Per. Station 1 Photosynthesis Questions C 1. Photo means - and synthesis -. 2. Chloro means- and plast-. Thylakoid. 3. Where does photosynthesis occur? In the c which contains
More informationPhotosynthesis Questions C. 2. Chloro means- and plast-. Thylakoid. 3. Where does photosynthesis occur? In the c which contains chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis Name- Date- Per. Station 1 Photosynthesis Questions C 1. Photo means - and synthesis -. 2. Chloro means- and plast-. Thylakoid. 3. Where does photosynthesis occur? In the c which contains
More informationSG 9.2 notes Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants
Ideas about targets and terms: 9.2 In the past, all living things were classified in either the kingdom of animals or plants Euglena are singled celled organisms in pond water They are green, so contain,
More informationVirtual Lab 5 Photosynthesis
Name Period Assignment # Virtual Lab 5 Photosynthesis http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/labbench/lab4/intro.html 1) Define photosynthesis 2) Define chlorophyll Click 4-I Chromatography on the
More informationPhotosynthesis Summary By: Abdul Majid Hasani (01)
Photosynthesis Summary By: Abdul Majid Hasani (01) An Overview of Photosynthesis: Including the importance of plants, the raw materials used in photosynthesis, the products of photosynthesis, and how plants
More informationUnit 1 Matter & Energy for Life. Biology Photosynthesis
Unit 1 Matter & Energy for Life Biology 2201 3.2 The Process of Photosynthesis Photosynthesis The process by which an organism captures the energy of the sun to convert CO 2 and water into glucose. Light
More informationAN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS. Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc.
AN OVERVIEW OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS Copyright 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Introduction: Plant Power Plants use water and atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce a simple sugar and liberate oxygen Earth s plants
More informationName Hour. Section 20-3 Plantlike Protists: Unicellular Algae (pages )
Name Hour Section 20-3 Plantlike Protists: Unicellular Algae (pages 506-509) Introduction (Page 506) 1. Plantlike protists are commonly called 2. Is the following sentence true or false? Algae include
More informationI. Energy for Life. Energy in Ecosystems Did you know you were solar powered? IN: 11/4/2018. Fill in the blanks to complete the reaction: C H O + 6 2
11/4/2018 Energy in Ecosystems Did you know you were solar powered? IN: Fill in the blanks to complete the reaction: Light 6 2 + 6 2 Chlorophyll C H O + 6 2 Write the equation for photosynthesis in words.
More information8.2 Photosynthesis Overview
8.2 Photosynthesis Overview Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts What role do pigments play in the process of photosynthesis? Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight with pigments. Light Energy from
More informationChromatography Lab # 4
Chromatography Lab # 4 Chromatography is a method for separating mixtures based on differences in the speed at which they migrate over or through a stationary phase which means that a complex mixture will
More information1. What is the primary source of energy for most living things on earth?
Photosynthesis Objectives: At the end of this lab you should be able to: 1. describe the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration 2. describe the function of a pigment and explain their
More informationChromatography Extraction and purification of Chlorophyll CHM 220
INTRODUCTION Extraction and purification of naturally occurring molecules is of the most common methods of obtaining organic molecules. Locating and identifying molecules found in flora and fauna can provide
More informationPhotosynthesis Lab. Table 1: Comparison of the two parts of photosynthesis.
Revised Fall 2016 Photosynthesis Lab **Lab coat, eye goggles and gloves (nitrile or latex) are required for this lab. You will not be allowed to participate without this equipment. Before coming to lab:
More informationThe Microbial World. Microorganisms of the Sea
The Microbial World Microorganisms of the Sea Microorganisms Smallest, simplest marine organisms. Very important in evolutionary history of life on Earth. Important primary producers. Include prokaryotes
More informationPrimary Producers. Key Ideas
Primary Producers Kelp forests are one of the ocean s most productive habitats. 1 Key Ideas Energy flows through living systems, but matter is recycled. Primary producers (autotrophs) synthesize glucose
More informationTHE INTERTIDAL ZONE AND BENTHIC ORGANISMS
THE INTERTIDAL ZONE AND BENTHIC ORGANISMS EPSS 15 Lab #8 OUTLINE I. Intertidal zonation Tides Biotic zonation Physical conditions & biotic interactions II. Intertidal organisms & adaptations Snails Mussels
More informationSection 2: Photosynthesis
Section 2: Photosynthesis Preview Bellringer Key Ideas Harvesting Light Energy Two Electron Transport Chains Producing Sugar Factors that Affect Photosynthesis Summary Bellringer Write down the primary
More information1/25/2018. Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration
1 2 3 4 5 Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration Energy is needed by cells to do work Chemical energy, a form of potential energy, is stored in bonds of food molecules (such as glucose)
More informationChapter 7. Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food. Lectures by Edward J. Zalisko
Chapter 7 Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food PowerPoint Lectures for Campbell Essential Biology, Fifth Edition, and Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology, Fourth Edition Eric J. Simon, Jean
More informationChapter 10 Photosynthesis
Chapter 10 Photosynthesis Autotrophs and Heterotrophs Autotrophs are organisms that make their own food. They obtain everything they need by using CO 2 and inorganic compounds from the environment. Heterotrophs
More informationVersion A Name: BIOL 3327: Plant Science Exam 1, 17 Feb 2005 WRITE YOUR VERSION LETTER AT THE VERY TOP OF YOUR ANSWER SHEET.
Version A Name: Last 4 digits of SSN: BIOL 3327: Plant Science Exam 1, 17 Feb 2005 WRITE YOUR VERSION LETTER AT THE VERY TOP OF YOUR ANSWER SHEET. Always choose the BEST answer. You may write on this sheet.
More informationOverview - the process that feeds the biosphere. Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy.
Chapter 7 Capturing Solar Energy: Photosynthesis Overview - the process that feeds the biosphere Photosynthesis: transformation of solar energy into chemical energy. Responsible for O 2 in our atmosphere
More informationUnicellular Marine Organisms. Chapter 4
Unicellular Marine Organisms Chapter 4 The Cellular Structure of Life: Review Cell wall: firm, fairly rigid structure located outside the plasma membrane of plants, fungi, most bacteria, and some protists;
More informationProkaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes
The Microbial World Prokaryotes Vs. Eukaryotes Mircrobes of the Ocean Primary Producers Are the organisms that produce bio-mass from inorganic compounds (autotrophs). -Photosynthetic autotrophs Phytoplankton
More informationPrimary Productivity (Phytoplankton) Lab
Name: Section: Due Date: Lab 10A-1 Primary Productivity (Phytoplankton) Lab Before Coming to Lab: Read Chapter 13 (387-424) in Thurman & Trujillo, 11 th ed. The purpose of this lab is to familiarize you
More informationEnergy Transfer. Photosynthesis
Energy Transfer Photosynthesis Energy All living organisms use energy. Energy is needed for metabolism to function. When organisms use energy they use it in the chemical form, ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
More informationBiology Unit 2, Structure of Life, Lab Activity 2-2
Biology Unit 2, Structure of Life, Lab Activity 2-2 Photosynthesis is the process by which energy used by living systems is converted from electromagnetic radiation from the sun to chemical energy. This
More informationPhotosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall Photosynthesis. Photosynthesis. The Chloroplast. Photosynthetic prokaryotes. The Chloroplast
Photosynthesis Lecture 7 Fall 2008 Photosynthesis Photosynthesis The process by which light energy from the sun is converted into chemical energy 1 Photosynthesis Inputs CO 2 Gas exchange occurs through
More informationChloroplasts and Mitochondria
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Plant cells and some Algae contain an organelle called the chloroplast. The chloroplast allows plants to harvest energy from sunlight to carry on a process known as Photosynthesis.
More informationBiology 160 Cell Lab. Name Lab Section: 1:00pm 3:00 pm. Student Learning Outcomes:
Biology 160 Cell Lab Name Lab Section: 1:00pm 3:00 pm Student Learning Outcomes: Upon completion of today s lab you will be able to do the following: Properly use a compound light microscope Discuss the
More informationPlankton Ch. 14. Algae. Plants
Plankton Ch. 14 Algae Plants Plankton = Wanderer (Greek) Suspended in water column Float or weakly swim with currents Can t move against currents Producers & Consumers PHYTOPLANKTON (PLANT PLANKTON) Autotrophs
More informationPhotosynthesis: How do plants get engery? Teacher Version
Photosynthesis: How do plants get engery? Teacher Version In this lab, students explore the process of photosynthesis in spinach leaves. As oxygen is produced, the density of the leaves change and they
More informationPhotosynthesis. 1) Heterotrophs: 2) Autotrophs: 3) Phytoplankton:
CAPE BIO UNIT 2 Lesson 1-10 th Sept 2012 1 Define the following: Photosynthesis 1) Heterotrophs: 2) Autotrophs: 3) Phytoplankton: Photosynthesis is simply the process by which organisms convert solar energy
More informationAmoeba hunts and kills paramecia and stentor. Eukaryotic photosynthetic cells
Amoeba hunts and kills paramecia and stentor Eukaryotic photosynthetic cells 1 Eukaryotic organelles are odd in many ways Organelles: membrane bound compartments in a cell Nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
More informationPhotosynthesis: An Overview. Lesson Overview. Lesson Overview. 8.2 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Lesson Overview 8.2 Photosynthesis: An Overview Chlorophyll and Chloroplasts What role do pigments play in the process of photosynthesis? Photosynthetic organisms capture energy from sunlight with pigments.
More information8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy
BIOL 100 Ch. 8 1 8.1 Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis and Energy Photosynthesis Making food from light energy Photoautotrophs Use CO2 and water to make sugars Made life possible as we know it Provides
More information13. The diagram below shows two different kinds of substances, A and B, entering a cell.
Name 1. In the binomial system of nomenclature, which two classification groups provide the scientific name of an organism? A) kingdom and phylum B) phylum and species C) kingdom and genus D) genus and
More informationChloroplasts and Mitochondria
Name: Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Plant cells and some algae contain an organelle called the chloroplast. The chloroplast allows plants to harvest energy from sunlight to carry on a process known as
More informationTopic 10: Cyanobacteria & Algae
BIOL 221 Concepts of Botany Spring 2009 Topic 10: Cyanobacteria & Algae A. Introduction Plants are not the only organisms that are photosynthetic. In fact, photosynthetic lineages have popped up here and
More informationIn Cellular Respiration, are removed from sugar and transferred to
1 2 3 4 5 Bio 1101 Lec. 5, Part A (Guided Notes) Chapter 6: Cellular Respiration Energy is needed by cells to do work Chemical energy, a form of potential energy, is stored in bonds of food molecules (such
More informationI. Photosynthesis. Algal Physiology. I. Photosynthesis in algae II. Characteristics to distinguish algal divisions
Algal Physiology I. Photosynthesis I. Photosynthesis in algae II. Characteristics to distinguish algal divisions 1 2 PSU : Photosynthetic Unit = Antennae + rxn center Light reactions: solar energy is harvested
More informationUnit 14.1: Introduction to Protists
Unit 14.1: Introduction to Protists This organism consists of a single cell with several flagella. Is it a prokaryote, such as a bacterium? Actually, it s larger than a prokaryotic cell, and it also has
More informationName Class Date. How do plant cells make food? How do plant and animal cells get energy from food?
CHAPTER 2 2 Cell Energy SECTION The Cell in Action BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: How do plant cells make food? How do plant and animal cells
More informationPHOTOSYNTHESIS Student Packet SUMMARY
PHOTOSYNTHESIS Student Packet SUMMARY LIVING SYSTEMS REQUIRE ENERGY AND MATTER TO MAINTAIN ORDER, GROW AND REPRODUCE Energy input must exceed energy lost and used by an organism. Organisms use various
More informationLesson Overview. Photosynthesis: An Overview. Lesson Overview. 8.2 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Lesson Overview 8.2 Photosynthesis: An Overview Light and pigments Energy from the sun travels to Earth in the form of light. Sunlight is a mixture of different wavelengths. The wavelengths we see is known
More informationDefine: Alleles. Define: Chromosome. In DNA and RNA, molecules called bases pair up in certain ways.
Alleles Chromosome In DNA and RNA, molecules called bases pair up in certain ways. How do the bases A, C, G, T, and U match up in DNA? How about RNA? Summarize the cell process called protein synthesis!
More informationChloroplasts and Mitochondria
Name Date Your # Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Plant cells and some Algae contain an organelle called the chloroplast. The chloroplast allows plants to harvest energy from sunlight to carry on a process
More informationChapter What is a Plant? Biology. Slide 1 of 33. End Show. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall
Chapter 22.1 Biology What is a Plant? 1 of 33 Objectives 1. Describe the basic characteristics of life. 2. Describe what plants need to survive. 3. Describe the life cycle of plants. 4. Describe how the
More informationEukaryotic photosynthetic cells
Amoeba hunts and kills paramecia and stentor Eukaryotic photosynthetic cells Eukaryotic organelles are odd in many ways Organelles: membrane bound compartments in a cell Nucleus, chloroplasts, and mitochondria
More informationChloroplasts and Mitochondria
Chloroplasts and Mitochondria Plant cells and some Algae contain an organelle called the chloroplast. The chloroplast allows plants to harvest energy from sunlight to carry on a process known as Photosynthesis.
More information22 1 Introduction to Plants Slide 2 of 33
2 of 33 What Is a Plant? What is a plant? 3 of 33 What Is a Plant? What Is a Plant? Plants are multicellular eukaryotes that have cell walls made of cellulose. Plants develop from multicellular embryos
More informationUnderstanding Plant Physiology
Lesson A2 6 Understanding Plant Physiology Unit A. Horticultural Science Problem Area 2. Plant Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 6. Understanding Plant Physiology New Mexico Content Standard: Pathway Strand:
More information