Supplemental Information. Storage and Recycling of Interfacial. Solar Steam Enthalpy
|
|
- Sylvia Palmer
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 JOUL, Volume 2 Supplemental Information Storage and Recycling of Interfacial Solar Steam Enthalpy Xiuqiang Li, Xinzhe Min, Jinlei Li, Ning Xu, Pengchen Zhu, Bin Zhu, Shining Zhu, and Jia Zhu
2 Supplemental Information Figure S1. Photos of the real setup Figure S1. Photos of the real setup. (A) Optical image of steam generation device. (B) Optical image of electricity and water generations. (Inset) The optical of aluminum chamber without top plate. The aluminum chamber (Length: 11 cm, Width: 5.5 cm, Height: 1 cm) was selected as condensed chamber. Some yellow copper wire was filled in the inside of aluminum chamber to increase steam condensation. T 1, T 2 and T 3 represent the position of thermocouples. 1
3 Figure S2. Optical images of folded and unfolded graphite/nonwovens films Figure S2. Optical images of folded and unfolded graphite/nonwovens film. (A) Optical image of a folded graphite/nonwovens film. (B) Optical image of an unfolded graphite/nonwovens film after folding over 50 times. 2
4 Figure S3. Comparison of interfacial heating and bulk heating Figure S3. Comparison of interfacial heating and bulk heating. (A) The mass change over time at bulk heating and interfacial heating under 30 kw/m 2. (B) Steam temperature over time at bulk heating and interfacial heating under 30 kw/m 2. 3
5 Figure S4. The influence of thermal storage part on performance of solar steam generation Figure S4. Mass change over time of interfacial solar steam generator with thermal storage part under different solar irradiations. 4
6 Figure S5. The temperature distribution in thermoelectric device Figure S5. The temperature distribution in thermoelectric device. (A), (B), (C) and (D) temperature distribution in thermoelectric device under 8, 17, 22 and 30 kw/m 2 respectively. (Hot (in) represents the temperature of hot side near steam; Hot (out) represents the temperature of hot side near water outside; Cool represents the cool side of thermoelectric device. 5
7 Supplemental Note 1.Comparison of open system and semi-closed system Interfacial solar steam was proposed and achieved high efficiency ( ~ 80%) under one sun with advanced structure and material designs, photon and thermal management, including our group 1,2. However, this efficiency is achieved in open system that is different from all the previous systems, which is a semiclosed system. Here, a set of comparative tests were made to support this point. As shown in Fig. S6, the efficiency of our solar steam generator can reach around 75% under one sun if we remove sealed cap, but only about 18% efficiency in semi-closed system under one sun. The possible reason is that the vapor diffusion is suppressed that resulted in the decrease of evaporation rate in semi-closed system. Figure S6. The difference of open system and semi-closed system. (A) The schematic of open system and semi-closed system. (B) The evaporation rate (Note: The evaporation rate represents the rate, which subtract dark evaporation rate) of open system and semi-closed system over time under 1 kw/m 2. 6
8 Supplemental Note 2. The analysis of energy loss The heat loss by the solar steam generator consist of three losses: radiation, convection and conduction. Here, the radiation loss was calculated by Stefan- Boltzmann. Φ =εa σ(t 1 4 -T 2 4 ) (1) Where Φ denotes heat flux, ε is emissivty (assuming the absorber has maximum emissivity of 1), A is surface area (about 20 cm 2 ), σ is Stefan- Boltzmann constant, T 1 is the average temperature of absorber (The temperature of absorber are 100, 100, 100 and 100 under 8, 17, 22 and 30 kw/m 2, respectively) and T 2 is an environmental temperature (~25 ) in the experiment. Therefore, based on equations (1), the radiation heat losses of solar steam generator have account for 8%, 4%, 3% and 2% under 8, 17, 22 and 30 kw/m 2, respectively. The convection loss was calculated by Newton' law of cooling. Q= h A (T 1-T 2) (2) Where Q denotes the heat, h is convection heat transfer coefficient (10 W/m 2 K). A is surface area (The area of glass sealed cap is about 50 cm 2 ) and T 1 is the temperature of glass sealed cap. ( The temperature of glass sealed cap are 98, 122, 144 and 157 under 8, 17, 22 and 30 kw/m 2, respectively) and T 2 is an environmental temperature (~25 ) in the experiment. Therefore, based on equations (2), the convection heat losses of solar steam generator have account for 19%, 14%, 13% and 11% under 8, 17, 22 and 30 kw/m 2, respectively. The conduction loss was calculated by Fourier's law. Φ = -ka T (3) Where Φ denotes the heat flux, k is the thermal conductivity of material (0.04 W/mK), A is the area 7
9 (about 20 cm 2 ) and T is temperature gradient. The temperature of absorber are 100, 100, 100 and 100 under 8, 17, 22 and 30 kw/m 2 respectively, and T 2 is an environmental temperature (~25 ) in the experiment. The thickness of material is about 1.3 cm. Therefore, based on equations (3), the conduction losses of solar steam generator have account for 3%, 1%, 1% and 1% under 8, 17, 22 and 30 kw/m 2, respectively. It is note that the optical losses are 10% (5% come from absorber and the other 5% come from glass sealed cap). We noted that the heat losses and efficiency have a big discrepancy under 8 kw/m 2. The possible reason is that there are some condensed water on the glass sealed cap (as shown in Fig. S7) that increase the optical reflection 3. Obviously, the ratio of heat losses is decreasing under higher illumination (The heat losses are 14%,17%, 19% and 30% under 30, 22, 17 and 8 kw/m 2, respectively). Figure S7. The phenomenon of condensation on the sealed cap. (A) The phenomenon of condensation on the sealed cap under 8 kw/m 2. (B) The phenomenon of condensation on the sealed cap under 17 kw/m 2. It can be found that about 25% energy has lost in the process of solar energy to steam generation under 30 kw/m 2. In other words, about 75% energy was used for power generation. Obviously, most energy as heat loss was wasted instead of using for power generation. Here, the thermal conductivity of insulation foam and thermoelectric materials are about 0.04 and 1.5 W/mK. The thickness of insulation foam and 8
10 thermoelectric materials are about 1.6 cm and 0.4 cm. The area of insulation foam and thermoelectric materials are about 122 cm 2 and 32 cm 2. Based on Fourier's law, we can calculate the ratio of heat losses through the insulation foam and thermoelectric materials are about 1.9% and 72.1%. 9
11 Supplemental Note 3. The superheated steam for simultaneous generations of clean water and electricity In order to further enhance the performance of simultaneous generations of clean water and electricity, the superheated steam method was selected to increase the steam temperature. As shown in Figure S8-1A, a black Cu tube (diameter 5 mm), which was placed between absorber and sealed glass, was selected as heating body to further heat the steam to achieve the superheated steam. The schematic diagram of superheated steam generation device is showed in Figure S8-1B. The black Cu tube can reach high temperature (>100 ) under illumination of the sun. Then, the black Cu tube can heat the steam to superheated steam when the steam flow through the black Cu tube. Figure S8-1. The schematic diagram of superheated steam generation device. (A) Optical image of superheated steam generation device. (B) The schematic of superheated steam generation device. The mass change over time under 30 kw/m 2 is shown in Figure S8-2A. The efficiency of superheated steam generation device is about 72.2% (obtained from the slope of the mass change curves at steady state). More strikingly, the temperature of steam is larger than 100, and can reach 146 at steady state under 30 kw/m 2 (as shown in Figure S8-2B). It can be seen that the open-circuit voltage and shortcircuit current can reach to 4.15 V and 0.61 A, and the maximum efficiency can reach 1.23% under 30 kw/m 2 (as shown in Figure S8-2C and D). In the future, it is expected that advanced thermal control and 10
12 management can be used to further increase the steam temperature, and therefore to further improve the power generation performance. Figure S8-2. The performance of superheated steam generation device. (A) Mass change over time of superheated steam generation device under illumination of 30 kw/m 2. (B) Temperature of output steam over time under illumination of 30 kw/m 2. (C) Voltage and current over time under illumination of 30 kw/m 2. (D) Output power over resistance under illumination of 30 kw/m 2. 11
13 Supplemental Note 4. Comparison with solar cell based technology Let s use solar cell (20% solar to electricity efficiency) and solar desalination membrane (95% solar to vapor efficiency). As shown in Fig. S9, for one square meter of light, the total conversion efficiency should range from 20% (if one square meter area is covered with solar cell) to 95% (if one square meter area is used only for solar desalination membrane). For example, if we use 0.5 sqm for solar cell and 0.5 sqm for solar desalination, the total efficiency is 57.5% ( = 57.5%) or equivalent to the efficiency of 10% for solar to electricity and 47.5% for solar to vapor. If we use 0.1 sqm for solar cell and 0.9 sqm for solar desalination, the total efficiency is 87.5% ( = 87.5%) or equivalent to the efficiency of 2% for solar to electricity and 85.5% for solar to vapor. Figure S9. The comparison of efficiency between solar cell + solar still and our device. For comparison, as shown in Fig. S9, for the same one square meter of light, our device can generate ~72.2% for solar to steam and ~1.23% for solar to electricity, as the electricity is generated by recycling the internal energy of steam from solar steam process. With quantitative explanations above, it clear that in terms of efficiency, our device is comparable to PV powered approach while it is still at infancy. 12
14 Supplemental Note 5. Future improvement The device can be further developed and optimized, with the advances in the field of solar steam generations and thermoelectrics. For example, we are pleased to see 95% solar-to-steam conversion efficiency was achieved through the design of hydrogels recently 4, which can be used to further improve the efficiency of our concept. Tremendous progress has also been made in the field of thermoelectrics. The thermoelectric device efficiency can be expressed as: T T h 1 ZT 1 ZT avg avg 1 (1) T T c h Where η is thermoelectric device efficiency. A theoretical quantitative analysis reveals that with solar to steam efficiency of 95% and ZT=2 at 400 K, we can expect ~95% solar to steam and 7.9% solar to electricity. With solar to vapor efficiency of 95% and ZT=2.5 at 400 K, we can expect ~95% solar to vapor and 8.9% solar to electricity, which will then be much higher compared to what you can achieve with solar cell powered approach (as in Fig. S9). 13
15 Supplemental Note 6. Analysis of the integrated thermal storage The relationship between thermal storage ability and time evolution of output is analyzed. In our experiment system, the heat flow is assumed to travel just through thermoelectric module because the chapter is wrapped by thermal insulation materials. Meanwhile, the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric module is assumed to be a constant. We can obtain the following formulas: T0 - Tt P( t) P0 T T 0 P( t) Qf (t) Q (t)dt -cmdt f e (1) (2) (3) Temperature and output power can be produced as following, T (t) T e ( T P(t) P e 0 0 T e ) e P0 t - ( T0 Te ) cm P0 t - ( T0 Te ) cm (4) (5) P is output power. T 0 and T e are steady temperatures under irradiation and temperature of environment, respectively. P 0 is the initial output power. Q f is the heat flux through the thermoelectric module. η is the conversion efficiency of thermoelectric module. c and m are thermal capacity and mass of chapter. In the experiment, T 0=100, T e=25, P 0=0.208 W, Q f=37 W, c=0.88 J/g, m=75 g. Hence, t ( P t) e (6) The relationship between thermal storage ability and performance of output power is shown in Fig. S10. 14
16 Figure S10. The relationship between output power (P) and thermal storage of the chamber. (A) P/P 0 over C/C 0 (where P 0 represents steady output power under irradiation, and P represents output power of 1 min after tuning off the light. C 0=cm, where c and m are thermal capacity and mass of chapter in this experiment). (B) P/P 0 over time at different thermal storage capabilities. 15
17 Supplemental Note 7. Power generation performance of device under discontinuous irradiation The duration of the extended period can be used to reduce the influence of intermittent illumination such as rolling cloud cover. As shown in Fig. S11A and B, discontinuous irradiation (in each cycle, the interval is 1 min between on and off) was used to simulate changing cloud cover in real applications. It can be seen that the device with thermal storage can continually output electricity. That speciality is determined by thermal storage ability of chapter and can be promoted by tuning thermal capacity or mass of chapter materials. As shown in Fig. S10A, the reduction of output power is only about 10 % decrease when the thermal storage increase 5x. Figure S11. Power generation performance of device under discontinuous irradiation. (A) The change of open-circuit voltage with/without solar irradiation under 30 kw/m 2. (B) The change of short-circuit current with/without solar irradiation under 30 kw/m 2. 16
18 References [1] Li, X., Xu, W., Tang, M., Zhou, L., Zhu, B., Zhu, S., Zhu, J. (2016). Graphene oxide-based efficient and scalable solar desalination under one sun with a confined 2D water path. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 113, [2] Hu, X., Xu, W., Zhou, L., Tan, Y., Wang, Y., Zhu, S., Zhu, J. (2017). Tailoring graphene oxide-based aerogels for efficient solar steam generation under one sun. Adv. Mat. 29, [3] Zhu, K., Huang, Y., Pruvost. J., Legrand. J., Pilon. L. (2017). Transmittance of transparent windows with non-absorbing cap-shaped droplets condensed on their backside. Journal of quantitative spectroscopy and radiative transfer 194, [4] Zhao, F., Zhou, X., Shi, Y., Qian, X., Alexander, M., Zhao, X., Mendez, S., Yang, R., Qu, L.,& Yu, G. (2018). Highly efficient solar vapour generation via hierarchically nanostructured gels. Nature nanotechnology, doi: /s z. 17
for highly efficient and stable corrosive-water evaporation
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2018 Electronic Supplementary Information Synthesis of mesoporous Fe 3 Si aerogel
More informationChapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS
Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals & Applications 5th Edition in SI Units Yunus A. Çengel, Afshin J. Ghajar McGraw-Hill, 2015 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS Mehmet Kanoglu University of Gaziantep
More informationHEAT TRANSFER 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS 5 2 CONDUCTION
HEAT TRANSFER 1 INTRODUCTION AND BASIC CONCEPTS 5 2 CONDUCTION 11 Fourier s Law of Heat Conduction, General Conduction Equation Based on Cartesian Coordinates, Heat Transfer Through a Wall, Composite Wall
More informationSelf-floating nanostructural Ni-NiO x /Ni foam for solar thermal water evaporation
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Journal of Materials Chemistry A. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 The supporting information for Self-floating nanostructural Ni-NiO x /Ni
More informationLecture 36: Temperatue Measurements
Lecture 36: Temperatue Measurements Contents Principle of thermocouples Materials for themocouples Cold junction compensation Compensating wires Selection of thermocouples Illustration of gas temperature
More informationMyoung-Soo Kim, Min-Ki Kim, Sung-Eun Jo, Chulmin Joo, and Yong-Jun Kim*
Supplementary information Refraction-Assisted Solar Thermoelectric Generator based on Phase-Change lens Myoung-Soo Kim, Min-Ki Kim, Sung-Eun Jo, Chulmin Joo, and Yong-Jun Kim* Department of Mechanical
More informationHeat and Mass Transfer Unit-1 Conduction
1. State Fourier s Law of conduction. Heat and Mass Transfer Unit-1 Conduction Part-A The rate of heat conduction is proportional to the area measured normal to the direction of heat flow and to the temperature
More informationIf there is convective heat transfer from outer surface to fluid maintained at T W.
Heat Transfer 1. What are the different modes of heat transfer? Explain with examples. 2. State Fourier s Law of heat conduction? Write some of their applications. 3. State the effect of variation of temperature
More informationThermal Systems. What and How? Physical Mechanisms and Rate Equations Conservation of Energy Requirement Control Volume Surface Energy Balance
Introduction to Heat Transfer What and How? Physical Mechanisms and Rate Equations Conservation of Energy Requirement Control Volume Surface Energy Balance Thermal Resistance Thermal Capacitance Thermal
More informationOPTIMIZATION of the GEOMETRY & MATERIAL of SOLAR WATER HEATERS.
OPTIMIZATION of the GEOMETRY & MATERIAL of SOLAR WATER HEATERS. FLAT PLATE COLLECTORS ABSORBER PLATES OPTIMIZATION OF GEOMETRY SELECTIVE SURFACES METHODS OF TESTING TO DETERMINE THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE
More informationMARYLAND. Fundamentals of heat transfer Radiative equilibrium Surface properties Non-ideal effects. Conduction Thermal system components
Fundamentals of heat transfer Radiative equilibrium Surface properties Non-ideal effects Internal power generation Environmental temperatures Conduction Thermal system components 2003 David L. Akin - All
More information123MEAN thermal properties KATEDRA MATERIÁLOVÉHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ A CHEMIE
123MEAN thermal properties KATEDRA MATERIÁLOVÉHO INŽENÝRSTVÍ A CHEMIE Heat transport in substances: conduction transfer of kinetic energy on the bases of disorded movement of molecules. Own heat transfer
More informationCoolant. Circuits Chip
1) A square isothermal chip is of width w=5 mm on a side and is mounted in a subtrate such that its side and back surfaces are well insulated, while the front surface is exposed to the flow of a coolant
More informationIntroduction to Thermoelectric Materials and Devices
Introduction to Thermoelectric Materials and Devices 4th Semester of 2012 2012.03.29, Thursday Department of Energy Science Sungkyunkwan University Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (PbTe) Space probe
More informationUnit B-4: List of Subjects
ES312 Energy Transfer Fundamentals Unit B: First Law of Thermodynamics ROAD MAP... B-1: The Concept of Energy B-2: Work Interactions B-3: First Law of Thermodynamics B-4: Heat Transfer Fundamentals Unit
More informationS.E. (Chemical) (Second Semester) EXAMINATION, 2011 HEAT TRANSFER (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Total No. of Questions 12] [Total No. of Printed Pages 7 [4062]-186 S.E. (Chemical) (Second Semester) EXAMINATION, 2011 HEAT TRANSFER (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100 N.B. : (i) Answers
More informationMinistry of Higher Education And Scientific Research. University Of Technology Chemical Engineering Department. Heat Transfer
Ministry of Higher Education And Scientific Research University Of Technology Heat Transfer Third Year By Dr.Jamal Al-Rubeai 2008-2009 Heat Transfer 1. Modes of Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection and
More informationHeat Sinks and Component Temperature Control
Lecture Notes Heat Sinks and Component Temperature Control Heat Sinks - 1 Need for Component Temperature Control All components, capacitors, inductors and transformers, and semiconductor devices and circuits
More informationUNIT FOUR SOLAR COLLECTORS
ME 476 Solar Energy UNIT FOUR SOLAR COLLECTORS Flat Plate Collectors Outline 2 What are flat plate collectors? Types of flat plate collectors Applications of flat plate collectors Materials of construction
More informationMechanical Engineering. Postal Correspondence Course HEAT TRANSFER. GATE, IES & PSUs
Heat Transfer-ME GATE, IES, PSU 1 SAMPLE STUDY MATERIAL Mechanical Engineering ME Postal Correspondence Course HEAT TRANSFER GATE, IES & PSUs Heat Transfer-ME GATE, IES, PSU 2 C O N T E N T 1. INTRODUCTION
More informationS.E. (Chemical) (Second Semester) EXAMINATION, 2012 HEAT TRANSFER (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100
Total No. of Questions 12] [Total No. of Printed Pages 7 Seat No. [4162]-187 S.E. (Chemical) (Second Semester) EXAMINATION, 2012 HEAT TRANSFER (2008 PATTERN) Time : Three Hours Maximum Marks : 100 N.B.
More informationValidation, Optimization and Simulation of Solar Thermoelectric Generator Model
1 Validation, Optimization and Simulation of Solar Thermoelectric Generator Model By Ali Hamil Rakesh Krishnappa Harish Hadi Madkhali The Final Project of Thermoelectric I (ME 6590) College of Engineering
More informationTheoretical Analysis of Overall Heat Loss Coefficient in a Flat Plate Solar Collector with an In-Built Energy Storage Using a Phase Change Material
Theoretical Analysis of Overall Heat Loss Coefficient in a Flat Plate Solar Collector with an In-Built Energy Storage Using a Phase Change Material R. Sivakumar and V. Sivaramakrishnan Abstract Flat Plate
More informationLatest Heat Transfer
Latest Heat Transfer 1. Unit of thermal conductivity in M.K.S. units is (a) kcal/kg m2 C (b) kcal-m/hr m2 C (c) kcal/hr m2 C (d) kcal-m/hr C (e) kcal-m/m2 C. 2. Unit of thermal conductivity in S.I. units
More informationThermal Radiation Heat Transfer Mechanisms
18-6 Heat Transfer Mechanisms Thermal Radiation Radiation is an energy transfer via the emission of electromagnetic energy. The rate P rad at which an object emits energy via thermal radiation is Here
More informationThermal Systems Design MARYLAND. Fundamentals of heat transfer Radiative equilibrium Surface properties Non-ideal effects
Fundamentals of heat transfer Radiative equilibrium Surface properties Non-ideal effects Internal power generation Environmental temperatures Conduction Thermal system components 2002 David L. Akin - All
More informationExperiment FT1: Measurement of Dielectric Constant
Experiment FT1: Measurement of Dielectric Constant Name: ID: 1. Objective: (i) To measure the dielectric constant of paper and plastic film. (ii) To examine the energy storage capacity of a practical capacitor.
More informationDiv. 1 Div. 2 Div. 3 Div.4 8:30 am 9:30 pm 12:30 pm 3:30 pm Han Xu Ruan Pan
Write Down Your NAME, Last First Circle Your DIVISION Div. 1 Div. 2 Div. 3 Div.4 8:30 am 9:30 pm 12:30 pm 3:30 pm Han Xu Ruan Pan ME315 - Heat and Mass Transfer School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue
More informationSupplemental Information. Rich Mesostructures Derived from Natural. Woods for Solar Steam Generation
JOUL, Volume 1 Supplemental Information Rich Mesostructures Derived from Natural Woods for Solar Steam Generation Chao Jia, Yiju Li, Zhi Yang, Guang Chen, Yonggang Yao, Feng Jiang, Yudi Kuang, Glenn Pastel,
More informationAn Evacuated PV/Thermal Hybrid Collector with the Tube/XCPC design
An Evacuated PV/Thermal Hybrid Collector with the Tube/XCPC design Lun Jiang Chuanjin Lan Yong Sin Kim Yanbao Ma Roland Winston University of California, Merced 4200 N.Lake Rd, Merced CA 95348 ljiang2@ucmerced.edu
More informationElectromagnetic Radiation. Radiation and the Planetary Energy Balance. Electromagnetic Spectrum of the Sun
Radiation and the Planetary Energy Balance Electromagnetic Radiation Solar radiation warms the planet Conversion of solar energy at the surface Absorption and emission by the atmosphere The greenhouse
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/2/4/e1501227/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Self-assembly of highly efficient, broadband plasmonic absorbers for solar steam generation Lin Zhou, Yingling Tan,
More informationConstruction and performance analysis of a three dimensional compound parabolic concentrator for a spherical absorber
558 Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research J SCI IND RES VOL 66 JULY 2007 Vol. 66, July 2007, pp. 558-564 Construction and performance analysis of a three dimensional compound parabolic concentrator
More informationHeat Transfer: Physical Origins and Rate Equations. Chapter One Sections 1.1 and 1.2
Heat Transfer: Physical Origins and Rate Equations Chapter One Sections 1.1 and 1. Heat Transfer and Thermal Energy What is heat transfer? Heat transfer is thermal energy in transit due to a temperature
More informationFlow visualization for a natural convection in a horizontal layer of water over a heated smooth and grooved surfaces
Flow visualization for a natural convection in a horizontal layer of water over a heated smooth and grooved surfaces Sudhakar Subudhi 1,*, Jaywant H Arakeri 2 1 Department of Mechanical and Industrial
More informationa. Fourier s law pertains to conductive heat transfer. A one-dimensional form of this law is below. Units are given in brackets.
QUESTION An understanding of the basic laws governing heat transfer is imperative to everything you will learn this semester. Write the equation for and explain the following laws governing the three basic
More informationThermal Analysis. with SolidWorks Simulation 2013 SDC. Paul M. Kurowski. Better Textbooks. Lower Prices.
Thermal Analysis with SolidWorks Simulation 2013 Paul M. Kurowski SDC PUBLICATIONS Schroff Development Corporation Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Visit the following websites to
More informationApplied Thermodynamics HEAT TRANSFER. Introduction What and How?
LANDMARK UNIVERSITY, OMU-ARAN LECTURE NOTE: 3 COLLEGE: COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME: ENGR. ALIYU, S.J Course code: MCE 311 Course title: Applied Thermodynamics
More informationSolar Thermoelectric Energy Conversion
Solar Thermoelectric Energy Conversion Gang Chen Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA 02139 Email: gchen2@mit.edu http://web.mit.edu/nanoengineering NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering
More informationExperimental Evaluation of Natural Heat Transfer in Façade Integrated Triangular Enclosures
Peer Reviewed Paper Piratheepan Experimental Evaluation of Natural Heat Transfer in Façade Integrated Triangular Enclosures Abstract M Piratheepan 1, T N Anderson 1, S Saiful 1 1 Auckland University of
More informationThermal characterization of Au-Si multilayer using 3- omega method
Thermal characterization of Au-Si multilayer using 3- omega method Sunmi Shin Materials Science and Engineering Program Abstract As thermal management becomes a serious issue in applications of thermoelectrics,
More informationIntroduction to Heat and Mass Transfer. Week 5
Introduction to Heat and Mass Transfer Week 5 Critical Resistance Thermal resistances due to conduction and convection in radial systems behave differently Depending on application, we want to either maximize
More informationHomework Week 3: Nanoscale and macroscale characterization Thermoelectricity: From Atoms to Systems
Homework Week 3: Nanoscale and macroscale characterization Thermoelectricity: From Atoms to Systems Je-Hyeong Bahk and Ali Shakouri nanohub-u Fall 2013 Answer the thirteen questions including all the sub-questions
More informationSolar Flat Plate Thermal Collector
Solar Flat Plate Thermal Collector INTRODUCTION: Solar heater is one of the simplest and basic technologies in the solar energy field. Collector is the heart of any solar heating system. It absorbs and
More informationOutline. Stock Flow and temperature. Earth as a black body. Equation models for earth s temperature. Balancing earth s energy flows.
Outline Stock Flow and temperature Earth as a black body Equation models for earth s temperature { { Albedo effect Greenhouse effect Balancing earth s energy flows Exam questions How does earth maintain
More informationSteam generation under one sun enabled by a floating structure with thermal concentration
ARTICLE NUMBER: 16126 DOI: 10.1038/NENERGY.2016.126 Steam generation under one sun enabled by a floating structure with thermal concentration George Ni a, Gabriel Li a, Svetlana V. Boriskina a, Hongxia
More informationRadiation Heat Transfer
Heat Lectures 0- CM30 /5/06 CM30 ransport I Part II: Heat ransfer Radiation Heat ransfer In Unit Operations Heat Shields Professor Faith Morrison Department of Chemical Engineering Michigan echnological
More informationElectroMagnetic Radiation (EMR) Lecture 2-3 August 29 and 31, 2005
ElectroMagnetic Radiation (EMR) Lecture 2-3 August 29 and 31, 2005 Jensen, Jensen, Ways of of Energy Transfer Energy is is the the ability to to do do work. In In the the process of of doing work, energy
More informationLevel 7 Post Graduate Diploma in Engineering Heat and mass transfer
9210-221 Level 7 Post Graduate Diploma in Engineering Heat and mass transfer 0 You should have the following for this examination one answer book non programmable calculator pen, pencil, drawing instruments
More informationExperimental Study of Convective Heat Transfer and Thermal Performance in the Heat-Sink Channel with Various Geometrical Configurations Fins
Experimental Study of Convective Heat Transfer and Thermal Performance in the Heat-Sink Channel with Various Geometrical Configurations Fins 1 Mohit Taneja, 2 Sandeep Nandal, 3 Arpan Manchanda, 4 Ajay
More informationGeneral Physics (PHY 2130)
General Physics (PHY 2130) Lecture 34 Heat Heat transfer Conduction Convection Radiation http://www.physics.wayne.edu/~apetrov/phy2130/ Lightning Review Last lecture: 1. Thermal physics Heat. Specific
More informationRadiative Equilibrium Models. Solar radiation reflected by the earth back to space. Solar radiation absorbed by the earth
I. The arth as a Whole (Atmosphere and Surface Treated as One Layer) Longwave infrared (LWIR) radiation earth to space by the earth back to space Incoming solar radiation Top of the Solar radiation absorbed
More information4.1 Derivation and Boundary Conditions for Non-Nipped Interfaces
Chapter 4 Roller-Web Interface Finite Difference Model The end goal of this project is to allow the correct specification of a roller-heater system given a general set of customer requirements. Often the
More informationLaw of Heat Transfer
Law of Heat Transfer The Fundamental Laws which are used in broad area of applications are: 1. The law of conversion of mass 2. Newton s second law of motion 3. First and second laws of thermodynamics
More informationEarth: the Goldilocks Planet
Earth: the Goldilocks Planet Not too hot (460 C) Fig. 3-1 Not too cold (-55 C) Wave properties: Wavelength, velocity, and? Fig. 3-2 Reviewing units: Wavelength = distance (meters or nanometers, etc.) Velocity
More informationPerformance Assessment of PV/T Air Collector by Using CFD
Performance Assessment of /T Air Collector by Using CFD Wang, Z. Department of Built Environment, University of Nottingham (email: laxzw4@nottingham.ac.uk) Abstract Photovoltaic-thermal (/T) collector,
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION. Promoting Dual Electronic and Ionic Transport in PEDOT by Embedding Carbon Nanotubes for Large Thermoelectric Responses
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Promoting Dual Electronic and Ionic Transport in PEDOT by Embedding Carbon Nanotubes for Large Thermoelectric Responses Kyungwho Choi, 1,2+ Suk Lae Kim, 1+ Su-in Yi, 1 Jui-Hung Hsu,
More informationThermal conversion of solar radiation. c =
Thermal conversion of solar radiation The conversion of solar radiation into thermal energy happens in nature by absorption in earth surface, planetary ocean and vegetation Solar collectors are utilized
More informationHeriot-Watt University
Heriot-Watt University Distinctly Global www.hw.ac.uk Thermodynamics By Peter Cumber Prerequisites Interest in thermodynamics Some ability in calculus (multiple integrals) Good understanding of conduction
More informationHeat processes. Heat exchange
Heat processes Heat exchange Heat energy transported across a surface from higher temperature side to lower temperature side; it is a macroscopic measure of transported energies of molecular motions Temperature
More information= (fundamental constants c 0, h, k ). (1) k
Introductory Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Physics and Geosciences, University of Leipzig W 12e Radiation Thermometers Tasks 1 Measure the black temperature T s of a glowing resistance wire at eight different
More informationHEAT TRANSFER. PHI Learning PfcO too1. Principles and Applications BINAY K. DUTTA. Delhi Kolkata. West Bengal Pollution Control Board
HEAT TRANSFER Principles and Applications BINAY K. DUTTA West Bengal Pollution Control Board Kolkata PHI Learning PfcO too1 Delhi-110092 2014 Contents Preface Notations ix xiii 1. Introduction 1-8 1.1
More informatione - Galvanic Cell 1. Voltage Sources 1.1 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell
Galvanic cells convert different forms of energy (chemical fuel, sunlight, mechanical pressure, etc.) into electrical energy and heat. In this lecture, we are interested in some examples of galvanic cells.
More informationSupplementary Materials for
advances.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/3/5/e1700015/dc1 Supplementary Materials for Ultrastretchable, transparent triboelectric nanogenerator as electronic skin for biomechanical energy harvesting and
More informationDiamond and Other Carbon Materials for Solar-Thermionic Energy Conversion
Diamond and Other Carbon Materials for Solar-Thermionic Energy Conversion Timothy Fisher tsfisher@purdue.edu School of Mechanical Engineering, and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University October
More informationSection 7. Temperature Measurement
Section 7 Temperature Measurement 7/25/2017 Engineering Measurements 7 1 Working Definition Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules that make of a substance. After time,
More informationExperimental Analysis of Wire Sandwiched Micro Heat Pipes
Experimental Analysis of Wire Sandwiched Micro Heat Pipes Rag, R. L. Department of Mechanical Engineering, John Cox Memorial CSI Institute of Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, India Abstract Micro
More informationIntroduction. Katarzyna Skorupska. Silicon will be used as the model material however presented knowledge applies to other semiconducting materials
Introduction Katarzyna Skorupska Silicon will be used as the model material however presented knowledge applies to other semiconducting materials 2 June 26 Intrinsic and Doped Semiconductors 3 July 3 Optical
More informationEnergy, Temperature, & Heat. Energy, Temperature, & Heat. Temperature Scales 1/17/11
Energy, Temperature, & Heat Energy is the ability to do work (push, pull, lift) on some form of matter. Chapter 2 Potential energy is the potential for work (mass x gravity x height) Kinetic energy is
More informationEXPERIMENT NO. 4. Thermal Radiation: the Stefan-Boltzmann Law
1 EXPERIMENT NO. 4 Thermal Radiation: the Stefan-Boltzmann Law References: Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Serway and Jewett. Sections 40.1 An Introduction to Thermal Physics, Schroeder, Section
More information/qirt The influence of air humidity on effectiveness of heat sink work. by M. Kopeć*, R. Olbrycht*
The influence of air humidity on effectiveness of heat sink work by M. Kopeć*, R. Olbrycht* More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=20731 Abstract * Lodz Univ. of Technology, 90-924, 211/215
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Cellulose Fiber-based Hierarchical Porous Bismuth Telluride for High-Performance Flexible and Tailorable Thermoelectrics Qun Jin a,b, Wenbo Shi c,d, Yang Zhao a,c, Jixiang Qiao a,c,
More informationChapter 1: 20, 23, 35, 41, 68, 71, 76, 77, 80, 85, 90, 101, 103 and 104.
Chapter 1: 0, 3, 35, 1, 68, 71, 76, 77, 80, 85, 90, 101, 103 and 10. 1-0 The filament of a 150 W incandescent lamp is 5 cm long and has a diameter of 0.5 mm. The heat flux on the surface of the filament,
More informationAtmospheric Radiation
Atmospheric Radiation NASA photo gallery Introduction The major source of earth is the sun. The sun transfer energy through the earth by radiated electromagnetic wave. In vacuum, electromagnetic waves
More informationPin Fin Lab Report Example. Names. ME331 Lab
Pin Fin Lab Report Example Names ME331 Lab 04/12/2017 1. Abstract The purposes of this experiment are to determine pin fin effectiveness and convective heat transfer coefficients for free and forced convection
More informationThermal Systems Design MARYLAND. Fundamentals of heat transfer Radiative equilibrium Surface properties Non-ideal effects
Thermal Systems Design Fundamentals of heat transfer Radiative equilibrium Surface properties Non-ideal effects Internal power generation Environmental temperatures Conduction Thermal system components
More informationTHIN FLEXIBLE POLYMER SUBSTRATES COATED BY THICK FILMS IN ROLL-TO-ROLL VACUUM
ARCOTRONICS INDUSTRIES SpA Via San Lorenzo, 19 40037 Sasso Marconi (BO) Italy Tel. (+39) 051939111 Fax (+39) 051840684 http://www.arcotronics.com THIN FLEXIBLE POLYMER SUBSTRATES COATED BY THICK FILMS
More informationSHRI RAMSWAROOP MEMORIAL COLLEGE OF ENGG. & MANAGEMENT B.Tech. [SEM V (ME-51, 52, 53, 54)] QUIZ TEST-1 (Session: )
QUIZ TEST-1 Time: 1 Hour HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER Note: All questions are compulsory. Q1) The inside temperature of a furnace wall ( k=1.35w/m.k), 200mm thick, is 1400 0 C. The heat transfer coefficient
More informationGraphene-Based Standalone Solar Energy Converter for Water Desalination and Purification
Supporting Information for Graphene-Based Standalone Solar Energy Converter for Water Desalination and Purification Yang Yang,, Ruiqi Zhao,, Tengfei Zhang,, Kai Zhao,, Peishuang Xiao,, Yanfeng Ma,, Pulickel
More informationThermal Analysis with SOLIDWORKS Simulation 2015 and Flow Simulation 2015
Thermal Analysis with SOLIDWORKS Simulation 2015 and Flow Simulation 2015 Paul M. Kurowski SDC PUBLICATIONS Better Textbooks. Lower Prices. www.sdcpublications.com Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Visit
More informationThe Electrodynamics of a Pair of PV Modules with Connected Building Resistance
Proc. of the 3rd IASME/WSEAS Int. Conf. on Energy, Environment, Ecosystems and Sustainable Development, Agios Nikolaos, Greece, July 24-26, 2007 563 he Electrodynamics of a Pair of s with Connected Building
More informationFebruary 1, 2011 The University of Toledo, Department of Physics and Astronomy SSARE, PVIC
FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF SOLAR CELLS February 1, 2011 The University of Toledo, Department of Physics and Astronomy SSARE, PVIC Principles and Varieties of Solar Energy (PHYS 4400) and Fundamentals of
More information(Co-PIs-Mark Brongersma, Yi Cui, Shanhui Fan) Stanford University. GCEP Research Symposium 2013 Stanford, CA October 9, 2013
High-efficiency thin film nano-structured multi-junction solar James S. cells Harris (PI) (Co-PIs-Mark Brongersma, Yi Cui, Shanhui Fan) Stanford University GCEP Research Symposium 2013 Stanford, CA October
More informationME 315 Final Examination Solution 8:00-10:00 AM Friday, May 8, 2009 CIRCLE YOUR DIVISION
ME 315 Final Examination Solution 8:00-10:00 AM Friday, May 8, 009 This is a closed-book, closed-notes examination. There is a formula sheet at the back. You must turn off all communications devices before
More informationSimplified Collector Performance Model
Simplified Collector Performance Model Prediction of the thermal output of various solar collectors: The quantity of thermal energy produced by any solar collector can be described by the energy balance
More informationAdvanced Heat and Mass Transfer by Amir Faghri, Yuwen Zhang, and John R. Howell
Heat Transfer Heat transfer rate by conduction is related to the temperature gradient by Fourier s law. For the one-dimensional heat transfer problem in Fig. 1.8, in which temperature varies in the y-
More informationHeat Transfer with Phase Change
CM3110 Transport I Part II: Heat Transfer Heat Transfer with Phase Change Evaporators and Condensers Professor Faith Morrison Department of Chemical Engineering Michigan Technological University 1 Heat
More informationSupplementary Information for On-chip cooling by superlattice based thin-film thermoelectrics
Supplementary Information for On-chip cooling by superlattice based thin-film thermoelectrics Table S1 Comparison of cooling performance of various thermoelectric (TE) materials and device architectures
More informationReview: Conduction. Breaking News
CH EN 3453 Heat Transfer Review: Conduction Breaking News No more homework (yay!) Final project reports due today by 8:00 PM Email PDF version to report@chen3453.com Review grading rubric on Project page
More informationDesign and Heat Loss Calculations from Double Effect Type Solar Still Integrated with LFPC
International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology Volume 2, Issue 6, September 2014, PP 108-116 ISSN 2349-4395 (Print) & ISSN 2349-4409 (Online) Design and Heat Loss Calculations from
More informationNumerical Study of a High Temperature Latent Heat Storage ( C) Using NaNO 3 -KNO 3 Binary Mixture
1 Presented at the COMSOL Conference 2010 Paris Numerical Study of a High Temperature Latent Heat Storage (200-300 0 C) Using NaNO 3 -KNO 3 Binary Mixture Foong Chee Woh, 17-11-2010 2 Background 3 Background
More informationChapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics
Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics Thermodynamics and Statistical Physics Key contents: Temperature scales Thermal expansion Temperature and heat, specific heat Heat and
More informationTransient Heat Transfer Experiment. ME 331 Introduction to Heat Transfer. June 1 st, 2017
Transient Heat Transfer Experiment ME 331 Introduction to Heat Transfer June 1 st, 2017 Abstract The lumped capacitance assumption for transient conduction was tested for three heated spheres; a gold plated
More informationDR.PRADIP DUTTA Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore
DR.PRADIP DUTTA Department of Mechanical Engineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore What is Heat Transfer? Energy in transit due to temperature difference. Thermodynamics tells us: How much heat
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Hierarchical Porous N-doped Graphene Monoliths for Flexible Solid-State Supercapacitors with Excellent Cycle Stability Xiaoqian Wang, Yujia Ding, Fang Chen, Han Lu, Ning Zhang*,
More informationFIND: (a) Sketch temperature distribution, T(x,t), (b) Sketch the heat flux at the outer surface, q L,t as a function of time.
PROBLEM 5.1 NOWN: Electrical heater attached to backside of plate while front surface is exposed to convection process (T,h); initially plate is at a uniform temperature of the ambient air and suddenly
More informationAR/IA 241 LN 231 Lecture 4: Fundamental of Energy
Faculty of Architecture and Planning Thammasat University A/IA 24 LN 23 Lecture 4: Fundamental of Energy Author: Asst. Prof. Chalermwat Tantasavasdi. Heat For a specific substance, the heat given to the
More informationCORRELATION BETWEEN HOT PLATE EMISSIVITY AND WAFER TEMPERATURE AT LOW TEMPERATURES
CORRELATION BETWEEN HOT PLATE EMISSIVITY AND WAFER TEMPERATURE AT LOW TEMPERATURES Tomomi Murakami 1*, Takashi Fukada 1 and Woo Sik Yoo 2 1 WaferMasters Service Factory, 2020-3 Oaza Tabaru, Mashiki, Kamimashiki,
More informationClean Energy: Thermoelectrics and Photovoltaics. Akram Boukai Ph.D.
Clean Energy: Thermoelectrics and Photovoltaics Akram Boukai Ph.D. Solar Energy Use Hydrocarbons vs. Photons Arabian Oil: 600 years Sun: 1.5 billion years The Sun can Power both Solar Cells and Thermoelectrics
More informationNumerical Analysis and Optimization of Thermal Performance of LED Filament Light Bulb
2017 IEEE 67th Electronic Components and echnology Conference Numerical Analysis and Optimization of hermal Performance of LED Filament Light Bulb Jie Liu 1, Chunlin Xu 2, Huai Zheng 1, *, and Sheng Liu
More information