This presentation was assembled as part of the outreach initiative for the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change.
|
|
- Gloria Arnold
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 This will be a lesson for students in grades The subject matter is climate change - the greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, how greenhouse gases are measured and studied, and the impacts of climate change. This presentation was assembled as part of the outreach initiative for the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change. 1
2 2
3 3
4 Teacher: What else do you know about Nunavut? Responses will vary depending on student knowledge and experience. Addition al Information: Facts about Nunavut can be found at: Nunavut means our land in Inuktituk. Iqaluit is the capital city of Nunavut. Nunavut is the newest Canadian territory; it officially separated from Northwest Territories on April 1 st, The total area of Nunavut is 2,093,190 km 2. The total population is 33,220. 4
5 Teacher: What similarity do you notice in all of the animals shown? Response: All of the animals have white fur. Teacher: Correct. Why do you think many of the animals in the Arctic have white fur? Response: They need fur to maintain a warm body temperature. Their fur is white because it provides excellent camouflage in their snow and ice-covered environment. 5
6 Teacher: Nunavut is the geographically the largest of all thirteen provinces and territories, but is the least populated. 6
7 7
8 8
9 Teacher: Raise your hand if you have heard of the ozone layer. What is special about the ozone layer? Response: It protects us from the Sun, chemicals can cause it to break apart, it allows life on Earth to exist, it keeps the Earth at temperatures warm enough for life to exist. 9
10 This slide is a basic review of the Earth s atmosphere. A working knowledge of the atmosphere is required to understand the basics of the greenhouse effect. Note: Diagram is not to scale. Earth s radius is approximately 6371km and Earth s atmosphere is approximately 100km thick.
11 Important Points: - The atmosphere is made up of layers. - It extends to approximately 100km above the Earth s surface. - The ozone layer is located at about 25km in altitude. - Weather occurs in the lowest parts of the atmosphere called the troposphere. Information courtesy of: Teacher: Air becomes less dense as you move away from the Earth s surface. Why might this be the case? Response: The force of gravity is strongest close to the surface of the Earth; this means that most of the atmosphere s air is held close to the surface (in the troposphere). Additional Information: Pressure is displayed in mb (millbars), where 1mb = 100 kpa = 1 atm.
12 Teacher: What are the two major gases found in Earth s atmosphere? Response: The atmosphere is primarily made up of nitrogen and oxygen. The last one percent is made up of everything else (such as trace gases). These exist at levels such as parts per million or parts per thousand. 12
13 The next two slide will point out the important differences between weather and climate. It should be a quick review.
14 14
15 15
16 16
17 Teacher: Raise your hand if you have heard of the Greenhouse Effect. Would someone like to try to explain or guess what is might mean? Response: The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomena that is required for life to exist on Earth. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap some of the heat that would otherwise be emitted back into space, thus maintaining a much warmer average global temperature ( 1). 17
18 Teacher: What do you think that Earth s temperature would be is the Greenhouse Effect did not exist? Allow many students to make a guess. Response: -18 C Teacher: What are the names of some GHGs? Response: Water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide Information courtesy of: 18
19 Teacher: Allow students to work in small groups to brainstorm possible sources of GHGs and then lead a classroom discussion. Response: Humans are emitting greenhouse gases to the atmosphere in addition to those that are naturally occurring. Excessive amounts of these gases are increasing the effects of the greenhouse effect. Some sources include plants, animals, soil, oceans, burning fossil fuels, farming and industry. Information courtesy of: 19
20 Teacher: Allow students to provide their own definitions of climate change before showing the one above. Work with a partner to come up with a list of possible effects (can be good or bad) of climate change. Be prepared to allow short discussions/debates about their responses. Responses: Less sea ice Ice on rivers and lakes forming later and breaking up sooner Receding glaciers Accelerated sea level rise Longer, more intense heat waves Stronger storms Plant and animal ranges shift Tress flowering sooner Biodiversity loss through species extinction in many tropical areas and oceans Changed agricultural yields Shift in growing seasons Shifts in rainfall and snow fall patterns 20
21 21
22 Additional Information: The MANTRA (Middle Atmosphere Nitrogen TRend Assessment) balloon is an example of a Canadian balloon mission to study trace gases in the atmosphere. The MANTRA project involved a series of highaltitude balloon flights to investigate changes in the concentrations of midlatitude stratospheric ozone, and of constituents that play a role in ozone chemistry. Four balloons were launched from Vanscoy, Saskatchewan, in August 1998, August 2000, September 2002, and September Each carried a payload of instruments to measure vertical concentration profiles of stratospheric trace gases, and made observations from a float altitude of about 35 km for one day. Several of these instruments were flown years ago and thus provide a link to historical data predating the onset of mid-latitude ozone loss ( SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption spectrometer for AtmosphericCartograpHY ) is a passive remote sensing spectrometer observing backscattered, reflected, transmitted or emitted radiation from the atmosphere and Earth's surface, in the wavelength range between 240 and 2380 nm. The instrument flies on board ENVISAT which was launched on 1 March The primary scientific objective of SCIAMACHY is the global measurement of various trace gases in the troposphere and stratosphere, which are retrieved from the solar irradiance and Earth radiance spectra. The large wavelength is also ideally suited for the determination of aerosols and clouds. Validation of SCIAMACHY is essential to ensure the quality of these derived products ( 22
23 Teacher: Ground-based instruments located all over the world, including PEARL, measure various GHGs. These measurements are compared to the measurements that are being made by the instruments on satellites. In this way, scientists can ensure that the satellite instruments are functioning properly.
24 The following slides are just a couple examples of some of the scientific findings in this field. All of the data shown here is from the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) Synthesis Report from 2007 (unless otherwise stated). Information courtesy of: IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report, mains1.html#1-1
25 Additional Information: The above graphs show the atmospheric concentrations of CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O over the last 10,000 years (large panels) and since 1750 (inset panels). Measurements are shown from ice cores (the different coloured symbols represent different studies) and atmospheric samples (red lines). The corresponding radiative forcings relative to 1750 are shown on the right hand axes of the large panels. Radiative forcing is a measure of how the energy balance of the Earth-atmosphere system is influenced when factors that affect climate are altered (IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change Available from A positive radiative forcing value means that a gas has a warming effect on the climate, while a negative radiate forcing value means that a gas has a cooling effect on the climate. Greenhouse gases have a positive radiative value, or a warming effect. Teacher: Allow students to examine and interpret the plots before discussing as a class. Ask students to provide examples of the sources of each GHG. All three plots show an increase in the concentration of CO 2, CH 4 and N 2 O over the last 10,000 years.
26 Additional Information: The above graph shows observed changes in (a) global average surface temperature; (b) global average sea level from tide gauge (blue) and satellite (red) data and (c) Northern Hemisphere snow cover for March-April. All differences are relative to corresponding averages for the period The smoothed black curves represent decadal averaged values while circles show yearly values. The shaded areas are the uncertainty intervals ( Teacher: Allow students to examine and interpret the plots before discussing as a class. The top plot shows the difference in Earth s surface temperature, relative to the corresponding averages for the period , from 1850 to It can be seen that the average temperature has been increasing and is now 0.5 C above the average temperature from that time period. The middle plot shows the global average sea level difference compared to the average over the same time period. There has been a steady increase in sea level since The bottom plot shows difference in the amount of Northern Hemisphere snow cover. It is clear that the amount of snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere since 1990 has decreased.
27 Teacher: Allow students to examine the figure above before initiating a discussion. 27
28 Teacher: The purpose of this slide is to show a comparison between measured observations of temperature (red) and computer models of temperature (grey). Allow students to discuss the possible origins of temperature change. The figure on the top left shows a model output including only natural effects. The figure on the top right shows model output which includes only anthropogenic (human-caused) effects. The bottom figure shows model results including both impacts. The plots showing only natural or anthropogenic effects show less agreement than the plot showing both natural and anthropogenic effects.
29 Additional Information: IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) provides a clear scientific view on the current state of climate change knowledge and its socio-economical and environmental impacts. The IPCC website has a wealth of information about climate change. Publications and data are available to the public and can be used to design classroom activities. Visit for more information.
30 Teacher: Allow students to engage in a classroom discussion, split the class into two groups and facilitate a debate, or assign an argumentative essay based on the topic of climate change. In order to have a successful debate, students must be given the necessary time to do appropriate research, or be given the materials (articles, documents, maps, figures, etc.) to interpret before the debate begins. Additional Information: IPCC Likelihood Scale. Virtually certain > 99% probability of occurrence Very likely > 90% probability Likely > 66% probability About as likely as not 33 to 66% probability Unlikely < 33% probability Very unlikely < 10% probability Exceptionally unlikely < 1% probability Courtesy of:
31 31
32 Additional Information: The above plots represent three different scenarios (B1, A1B and A2) proposed by the IPCC. Visit for more information. Teacher: Where do you see the most drastic projected temperature increases? Response: In the Northern hemisphere, or the Arctic region. Teacher: Why might we expect to see more warming in the Arctic region? Response: The melting of snow and ice cover will amplify warming in these regions because there will be a lower albedo (will reflect less sunlight and absorb more). Teacher: Why should the rest of the world be concerned if the Arctic is the region that is most affected? Response: Varied responses should be entertained. The amplified warming in the Arctic, in turn, directly contributes to overall global warming, as well as causing changes in the Arctic that create impacts over the rest of the globe; accelerated sea level rise due to melting of mountain glaciers and ice sheets being the most important example. Additional information: 32
33 Additional Information: Visit for more information about projected changes in precipitation. Note: The teacher should use questions that allow the students to use their critical thinking skills. Teacher: Where do you notice the most dramatic increase in precipitation? Response: The most dramatic increase in precipitation occurs in the Northern Hemisphere between December and February. Teacher: How will this affect that region? Response: More precipitation, coupled with an increase in temperature, may result in less snowfall and more rainfall. This may affect the strength of sea ice, ability of animals to hunt, growing season for vegetation, etc. Teacher: Where do you notice the most dramatic decrease in precipitation? Response: Northern and Southern Africa seems to experience the most dramatic decrease in precipitation. This may result in droughts, decreased crop yields, etc. 33
Extremes of Weather and the Latest Climate Change Science. Prof. Richard Allan, Department of Meteorology University of Reading
Extremes of Weather and the Latest Climate Change Science Prof. Richard Allan, Department of Meteorology University of Reading Extreme weather climate change Recent extreme weather focusses debate on climate
More informationSHAPING OUR FUTURE: THE CLIMATE CHALLENGE KS3 LESSON 1 TEACHER GUIDE HOW IS OUR CLIMATE CHANGING?
SHAPING OUR FUTURE: THE CLIMATE CHALLENGE KS3 LESSON 1 TEACHER GUIDE HOW IS OUR CLIMATE CHANGING? KS3 LESSON 1 TEACHER GUIDE HOW IS OUR CLIMATE CHANGING? Learning objective: To understand, through the
More information1. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to its wavelength. a. directly *b. inversely
CHAPTER 3 SOLAR AND TERRESTRIAL RADIATION MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. The frequency of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to its wavelength. a. directly *b. inversely 2. is the distance between successive
More informationDay 1 of Global Warming. Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Day 1 of Global Warming Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings The Atmosphere Atmosphere = the thin layer (1/100 th of Earth s diameter) of gases that surrounds
More informationClimate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis Working Group I Contribution to the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report Presented by R.K. Pachauri, IPCC Chair and Bubu Jallow, WG 1 Vice Chair Nairobi, 6 February
More informationWhat is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPCC WG1 FAQ What is the IPCC? Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change The IPCC is a scientific intergovernmental body set up by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and by the United Nations
More informationGlobal Climate Change
Global Climate Change Overview: Students will learn about global climate change, what causes global warming, and scientific projections about climate change in the near future. Levels V-VI Grades 9-12
More informationClimate Change: Global Warming Claims
Climate Change: Global Warming Claims Background information (from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change): The climate system is a complex, interactive system consisting of the atmosphere, land surface,
More informationEnvironmental Science Chapter 13 Atmosphere and Climate Change Review
Environmental Science Chapter 13 Atmosphere and Climate Change Review Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Climate in a region is a. the long-term,
More informationActivity 2.2: Recognizing Change (Observation vs. Inference)
Activity 2.2: Recognizing Change (Observation vs. Inference) Teacher Notes: Evidence for Climate Change PowerPoint Slide 1 Slide 2 Introduction Image 1 (Namib Desert, Namibia) The sun is on the horizon
More informationGlobal warming and Extremes of Weather. Prof. Richard Allan, Department of Meteorology University of Reading
Global warming and Extremes of Weather Prof. Richard Allan, Department of Meteorology University of Reading Extreme weather climate change Recent extreme weather focusses debate on climate change Can we
More informationLight Up Your World Adapted from Reflecting on Reflectivity,
Climate Change I m Supposed To Know What That Is? Light Up Your World Adapted from Reflecting on Reflectivity, http://www.climatechangenorth.ca Overview: Students often confuse global warming and the depletion
More informationThe Atmosphere Made up of mainly two gases: Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Trace Gases 1%
The Atmosphere 18.1 The Atmosphere Made up of mainly two gases: Nitrogen 78% Oxygen 21% Trace Gases 1% Layers of the Atmosphere made made up of 5 layers: Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Ionosphere
More informationWhat is Climate? Climate Change Evidence & Causes. Is the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing? Is the Climate Changing?
What is Climate? 1 Climate Change Evidence & Causes Refers to the average environmental conditions (i.e. temperature, precipitation, extreme events) in a given location over many years Climate is what
More informationChapter 14: The Changing Climate
Chapter 14: The Changing Climate Detecting Climate Change Natural Causes of Climate Change Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change Possible Consequences of Global Warming Climate Change? -Paleo studies
More informationChapter 4 Lesson 1: Describing Earth s Atmosphere
Chapter 4 Lesson 1: Describing Earth s Atmosphere Vocabulary Importance of Earth s Atmosphere The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth. o Contains the oxygen and water needed for life.
More informationObserved State of the Global Climate
WMO Observed State of the Global Climate Jerry Lengoasa WMO June 2013 WMO Observations of Changes of the physical state of the climate ESSENTIAL CLIMATE VARIABLES OCEANIC ATMOSPHERIC TERRESTRIAL Surface
More informationClimate Change and Biomes
Climate Change and Biomes Key Concepts: Greenhouse Gas WHAT YOU WILL LEARN Biome Climate zone Greenhouse gases 1. You will learn the difference between weather and climate. 2. You will analyze how climate
More informationCLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1
CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE MIDTERM EXAM ATM S 211 FEB 9TH 2012 V1 Name: Student ID: Please answer the following questions on your Scantron Multiple Choice [1 point each] (1) The gases that contribute to
More informationWeather Forecasts and Climate AOSC 200 Tim Canty. Class Web Site: Lecture 27 Dec
Weather Forecasts and Climate AOSC 200 Tim Canty Class Web Site: http://www.atmos.umd.edu/~tcanty/aosc200 Topics for today: Climate Natural Variations Feedback Mechanisms Lecture 27 Dec 4 2018 1 Climate
More informationIn 2002, a group of university researchers joined together under the title of the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC)
1 In 2002, a group of university researchers joined together under the title of the Canadian Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Change (CANDAC) with the objective of improving the state of observational
More informationAtmosphere - Part 2. High and Low Pressure Systems
Atmosphere - Part 2 High and Low Pressure Systems High Pressure vs. Low Pressure H regions : cool air sinks, increasing the air density, thus resulting in an area of high pressure L regions: warm air rises,
More informationChapter Introduction. Earth. Change. Chapter Wrap-Up
Chapter Introduction Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Climates of Earth Chapter Wrap-Up Climate Cycles Recent Climate Change What is climate and how does it impact life on Earth? What do you think? Before you
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? About 10 km thick
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres: Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? Sources of Gas Losses of Gas Thermal Escape Earth s Atmosphere About 10 km thick Consists mostly of molecular
More informationIntroduction to Climate Change
Ch 19 Climate Change Introduction to Climate Change Throughout time, the earth's climate has always been changing produced ice ages Hence, climate variations have been noted in the past what physical processes
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds. What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds What is an atmosphere? Planetary Atmospheres Pressure Composition Greenhouse effect Atmospheric structure Color of the sky 1 Atmospheres
More informationStandard 3: Students will understand the atmospheric processes that support life and cause weather and climate.
Course: 9 th Grade Earth Systems Science Standard 3: Students will understand the atmospheric processes that support life and cause weather and climate. Instructions: In the space provided, write the letter
More informationIMPACTS OF A WARMING ARCTIC
The Earth s Greenhouse Effect Most of the heat energy emitted from the surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases which radiate heat back down to warm the lower atmosphere and the surface. Increasing the
More informationPlanetary Atmospheres (Chapter 10)
Planetary Atmospheres (Chapter 10) Based on Chapter 10 This material will be useful for understanding Chapters 11 and 13 on Jovian planet systems and Extrasolar planets Chapters 4, 5, and 8 on Momentum,
More informationNatural Disasters and Storms in Philadelphia. What is a storm? When cold, dry air meets warm, moist (wet) air, there is a storm.
Natural Disasters and Storms in Philadelphia 1. What is a natural disaster? 2. Does Philadelphia have many natural disasters? o Nature (noun) everything in the world not made No. Philadelphia does not
More information3. Which color of the visible light has the shortest wavelength? A) violet B) green C) yellow D) red
Name: Topic 6 Test 1. Which process is responsible for the greatest loss of energy from Earth's surface into space on a clear night? A) condensation B) conduction C) radiation D) convection 2. Base your
More informationPrentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE. Tarbuck Lutgens
Prentice Hall EARTH SCIENCE Tarbuck Lutgens Chapter 17 The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature 17.1 Atmosphere Characteristics Composition of the Atmosphere Weather is constantly changing, and it refers
More informationWebsite Lecture 3 The Physical Environment Part 1
Website http://websites.rcc.edu/halama Lecture 3 The Physical Environment Part 1 1 Lectures 3 & 4 1. Biogeochemical Cycling 2. Solar Radiation 3. The Atmosphere 4. The Global Ocean 5. Weather and Climate
More informationMost of the earth s weather occurs in the troposphere
66 Atmosphere and Climate R E A D I N G Most of the earth s weather occurs in the troposphere (TROH-poh-sfeer). In Activity 58, The Causes of Climate, you learned that the ocean has currents that move
More informationThe Atmosphere. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems. Topic 3: Global Cycles and Physical Systems
The Atmosphere 1 How big is the atmosphere? Why is it cold in Geneva? Why do mountaineers need oxygen on Everest? 2 A relatively thin layer of gas over the Earths surface Earth s radius ~ 6400km Atmospheric
More informationWeather and climate. reflect. what do you think? look out!
reflect You re going on vacation in a week and you have to start thinking about what clothes you re going to pack for your trip. You ve read the weather reports for your vacation spot, but you know that
More informationGlobal Climate Change - What evidence have scientists collected to support global climate change? Why? Model 1 Earth s Surface Temperatures.
Name Blk Global Climate Change - What evidence have scientists collected to support global climate change? Obj/Module 63. Evidence of Global Warming Why? Global climate change is a topic that is frequently
More informationThe Atmosphere. Characteristics of the Atmosphere. Section 23.1 Objectives. Chapter 23. Chapter 23 Modern Earth Science. Section 1
The Atmosphere Chapter 23 Modern Earth Science Characteristics of the Atmosphere Chapter 23 Section 1 Section 23.1 Objectives Describe the composition of Earth s atmosphere. Explain how two types of barometers
More informationTopic 6: Insolation and the Seasons
Topic 6: Insolation and the Seasons Solar Radiation and Insolation Insolation: In Sol ation The Sun is the primary source of energy for the earth. The rate at which energy is radiated is called Intensity
More informationScience of Global Warming and Climate Change
Science of Global Warming and Climate Change Part 1 Science Dr. David H. Manz, P. Eng. University of Calgary May 2015 Weather vs. Climate Weather happens day to day (moment to moment) best forecast is
More informationThe Atmosphere - Chapter Characteristics of the Atmosphere
Section Objectives Describe the composition of Earth s atmosphere. Explain how two types of barometers work. Identify the layers of the atmosphere. Identify two effects of air pollution. The Atmosphere
More informationSection 2: The Atmosphere
Section 2: The Atmosphere Preview Classroom Catalyst Objectives The Atmosphere Composition of the Atmosphere Air Pressure Layers of the Atmosphere The Troposphere Section 2: The Atmosphere Preview, continued
More informationWeather and Climate Change
Weather and Climate Change What if the environmental lapse rate falls between the moist and dry adiabatic lapse rates? The atmosphere is unstable for saturated air parcels but stable for unsaturated air
More information2. Fargo, North Dakota receives more snow than Charleston, South Carolina.
2015 National Tournament Division B Meteorology Section 1: Weather versus Climate Chose the answer that best answers the question 1. The sky is partly cloudy this morning in Lincoln, Nebraska. 2. Fargo,
More informationLecture 10: Climate Sensitivity and Feedback
Lecture 10: Climate Sensitivity and Feedback Human Activities Climate Sensitivity Climate Feedback 1 Climate Sensitivity and Feedback (from Earth s Climate: Past and Future) 2 Definition and Mathematic
More informationAustralian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (AMOS) Statement on Climate Change
Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (AMOS) Statement on Climate Change This statement provides a summary of some aspects of climate change and its uncertainties, with particular focus on
More informationThe Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature
Chapter The Atmosphere: Structure and Temperature Geologists have uncovered evidence of when Earth was first able to support oxygenrich atmosphere similar to what we experience today and more so, take
More informationAssessment Schedule 2017 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the atmosphere system (91414)
NCEA Level 3 Earth and Space Science (91414) 2017 page 1 of 6 Assessment Schedule 2017 Earth and Space Science: Demonstrate understanding of processes in the atmosphere system (91414) Evidence Statement
More informationClimate Changes due to Natural Processes
Climate Changes due to Natural Processes 2.6.2a Summarize natural processes that can and have affected global climate (particularly El Niño/La Niña, volcanic eruptions, sunspots, shifts in Earth's orbit,
More informationCarbon Cycling Internal
Carbon Cycling Internal The 4 subcycles Atmosphere The Earth s Atmosphere The Earth has a radius of some 6400 km. Ninety-nine percent of the earth's atmosphere is contained within a layer approximately
More informationClimate change: How do we know?
Climate change: How do we know? This graph, based on the comparison of atmospheric samples contained in ice cores and more recent direct measurements, provides evidence that atmospheric CO2 has increased
More informationCHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction Pearson Education, Inc.
CHAPTER 6 Air-Sea Interaction Chapter Overview The atmosphere and the ocean are one independent system. Earth has seasons because of the tilt on its axis. There are three major wind belts in each hemisphere.
More informationLithosphere: (Rocky Sphere) Solid, rocky, outer layer of the Earth. Includes the crust and part of the upper mantle. Lithosphere
Lithosphere: (Rocky Sphere) Solid, rocky, outer layer of the Earth. Includes the crust and part of the upper mantle. Lithosphere Permafrost Permafrost Ground that is at a temperature of 0 or below for
More informationMonitoring Climate Change from Space
Monitoring Climate Change from Space Richard Allan (email: r.p.allan@reading.ac.uk twitter: @rpallanuk) Department of Meteorology, University of Reading Why Monitor Earth s Climate from Space? Global Spectrum
More informationTable of Contents. Chapter: Atmosphere. Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere. Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere. Section 3: Air Movement
Table of Contents Chapter: Atmosphere Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere Section 2: Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere Section 3: Air Movement Table of Contents Chapter 4: Atmosphere Section 1: Earth's Atmosphere
More informationWeather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long
Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time Many factors influence weather & climate
More informationSurface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg )
Name: Block: Surface Processes and the Hydrosphere Unit Heating the Earth s Atmosphere Chapter 11 (pg. 352 385) 11.1: Focus on the Atmosphere: Weather and Climate What is the difference between the weather
More informationWeather Vs. Climate. Weather Vs. Climate. Chapter 14
Weather Vs. Climate Chapter 14 Weather: Conditions of the atmosphere at a particular time and place, for short periods of time (days). Climate: Long-term averages of weather (Averaged over 30 yrs). Weather
More informationEarth s Atmosphere. Composition
Earth s Atmosphere Earth s atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet that is held in place by gravity. The atmosphere protects life on Earth by absorbing ultraviolet radiation, warming the
More informationChapter 11 Lecture Outline. Heating the Atmosphere
Chapter 11 Lecture Outline Heating the Atmosphere They are still here! Focus on the Atmosphere Weather Occurs over a short period of time Constantly changing Climate Averaged over a long period of time
More informationFormative Test. 4 th Grading in Science VII
Formative Test 4 th Grading in Science VII I. Latitude and Longitude 1. It is an imaginary line that divides the northern and southern hemispheres. A. Latitude B. Equator C. Longitude D. Tropic of Cancer
More informationClimate Modeling Research & Applications in Wales. John Houghton. C 3 W conference, Aberystwyth
Climate Modeling Research & Applications in Wales John Houghton C 3 W conference, Aberystwyth 26 April 2011 Computer Modeling of the Atmosphere & Climate System has revolutionized Weather Forecasting and
More informationGlobal Warming: The known, the unknown, and the unknowable
Global Warming: The known, the unknown, and the unknowable Barry A. Klinger Jagadish Shukla George Mason University (GMU) Institute of Global Environment and Society (IGES) January, 2008, George Mason
More informationClimate Variability and Change Past, Present and Future An Overview
Climate Variability and Change Past, Present and Future An Overview Dr Jim Salinger National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Auckland, New Zealand INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON REDUCING VULNERABILITY
More informationFig. 3.2 on Page 101. Warming. Evidence for CO 2. History of Global Warming-2. Fig. 3.2 Page 101. Drilled cores from ocean floors
Chemistry in Context: Chapter 3:The Chemistry of Global Warming Practice Problems: All Ch. 3 problems with the blue codes or answers on Page 521. Venus Atmospheric pressure is 90x that of Earth 96% CO
More information1 A 3 C 2 B 4 D. 5. During which month does the minimum duration of insolation occur in New York State? 1 February 3 September 2 July 4 December
INSOLATION REVIEW 1. The map below shows isolines of average daily insolation received in calories per square centimeter per minute at the Earth s surface. If identical solar collectors are placed at the
More information5. In which diagram is the observer experiencing the greatest intensity of insolation? A) B)
1. Which factor has the greatest influence on the number of daylight hours that a particular Earth surface location receives? A) longitude B) latitude C) diameter of Earth D) distance from the Sun 2. In
More informationClimate Change Lecture Notes
Climate Change Lecture Notes (Topic 12A) page 1 Climate Change Lecture Notes Learning Outcomes for the Climate Change Unit 1. Students can list observations which suggest that the world is warming, and
More informationATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES. Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College
ATMOSPHERIC ENERGY and GLOBAL TEMPERATURES Physical Geography (Geog. 300) Prof. Hugh Howard American River College RADIATION FROM the SUN SOLAR RADIATION Primarily shortwave (UV-SIR) Insolation Incoming
More informationATM S 111 Global Warming Exam Review. Jennifer Fletcher Day 31, August 3, 2010
ATM S 111 Global Warming Exam Review Jennifer Fletcher Day 31, August 3, 2010 Earth gets most of its energy from the sun. Solar Radiation Solar radiation is mostly in visible, near infrared, and near UV
More informationThe Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4
The Atmosphere and Atmospheric Energy Chapter 3 and 4 Size of the Earth s Atmosphere Atmosphere produced over 4.6 billion years of development Protects us from radiation Completely surrounds the earth
More informationWorld Geography Chapter 3
World Geography Chapter 3 Section 1 A. Introduction a. Weather b. Climate c. Both weather and climate are influenced by i. direct sunlight. ii. iii. iv. the features of the earth s surface. B. The Greenhouse
More informationFeatures of Global Warming Review. GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 23 Ahrens: Chapter 16
Features of Global Warming Review GEOG/ENST 2331 Lecture 23 Ahrens: Chapter 16 The Greenhouse Effect 255 K 288 K Ahrens, Fig. 2.12 What can change the global energy balance? Incoming energy Solar strength
More informationTorben Königk Rossby Centre/ SMHI
Fundamentals of Climate Modelling Torben Königk Rossby Centre/ SMHI Outline Introduction Why do we need models? Basic processes Radiation Atmospheric/Oceanic circulation Model basics Resolution Parameterizations
More information1 Our Dynamic Climate Guiding Question: What factors determine Earth s climate?
LESSON 1 Our Dynamic Climate Guiding Question: What factors determine Earth s climate? Describe factors that affect how the sun warms Earth. Discuss the role of wind patterns in determining climate. Explain
More informationLecture 2-07: The greenhouse, global heat engine.
Lecture 2-07: The greenhouse, global heat engine http://en.wikipedia.org/ the sun s ultraviolet (left) and infrared radiation imagers.gsfc.nasa.gov/ems/uv.html www.odysseymagazine.com/images SOLAR FLARES
More informationstudent pretest Stewardship Project middle school (Grades 7-8)
student pretest Stewardship Project middle school (Grades 7-8) 1. True or False. Solar energy is radiant energy carried through the sun s heat and light. 2. Yes or No. Does solar energy dissipate as it
More information). It is a gas produced naturally in the stratosphere where it strongly absorbs incoming
Page 1 of 6 What Determines How Much Ultraviolet Radiation Reaches the Earth s Surface? The amount of UV radiation reaching the Earth s surface varies widely around the globe and through time. Several
More informationEnergy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate
Energy Systems, Structures and Processes Essential Standard: Analyze patterns of global climate change over time Learning Objective: Differentiate between weather and climate Global Climate Focus Question
More informationWhat is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology.
What is Climate? Understanding and predicting climatic changes are the basic goals of climatology. Climatology is the study of Earth s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climatic
More informationClimate & Earth System Science. Introduction to Meteorology & Climate CHAPTER 1 LECTURE 1. Question: Introduction to the Atmosphere
Climate & Earth System Science Introduction to Meteorology & Climate MAPH 10050 Peter Lynch Peter Lynch Meteorology & Climate Centre School of Mathematical Sciences University College Dublin Meteorology
More informationWeather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long
Weather Atmospheric condition in one place during a limited period of time Climate Weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time Many factors influence weather & climate
More informationA Skeptical View of Anthropogenic Global Warming
A Skeptical View of Anthropogenic Global Warming Having the courage to do Nothing For the Cambridge Society April 6, 2009 Friends of Science Society Ken Gregory Presented by: Peter Burns Runaway greenhouse
More informationOcean s Influence on Weather and Climate
Earth is often called the Blue Planet because so much of its surface (about 71%) is covered by water. Of all the water on Earth, about 96.5%, is held in the world s oceans. As you can imagine, these oceans
More information3. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 )
3. Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Basic information on CO 2 with regard to environmental issues Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a significant greenhouse gas that has strong absorption bands in the infrared region and
More informationFuture Climate Change
Future Climate Change How do you know whether to trust a prediction about the future? All predictions are based on global circulation models (GCMs, AOGCMs) - model accuracy is verified by its ability to
More informationExemplar for Internal Achievement Standard. Mathematics and Statistics Level 3
Exemplar for internal assessment resource Mathematics and Statistics for Achievement Standard 91580 Exemplar for Internal Achievement Standard Mathematics and Statistics Level 3 This exemplar supports
More informationWhy I Am a Climate Realist. by Dr. Willem de Lange
Why I Am a Climate Realist by Dr. Willem de Lange SPPI Commentary & Essay Series! May 27, 2009 Why I Am a Climate Realist by Dr. Willem de Lange May 23, 2009 In 1996 the United Nations Intergovernmental
More informationThermal / Solar. When air is warmed it... Rises. Solar Energy. Evaporation. Condensation Forms Clouds
Thermal / Solar Light from the Sun is transformed into what type of energy when it hits Earth's surface? Rises When air is warmed it... Solar Energy Water moves through the water cycle using what type
More informationWeather Review. Use this graph to answer the next questions. A B C D
Weather Review 1. Which of the following lists elements of the weather? a. Radiation, Wind Speed, Precipitation b. Soil type, Plate type, Water type c. Temperature, Precipitation, Air Pressure d. Ocean
More informationGEOL/ENVS 3520 Spring 2009 Hour Exam #2
GEOL/ENVS 3520 Spring 2009 Hour Exam #2 Enter your name, the date, your ID number, and a made-up 4-digit code (for later recall and identification of your test results) on the separate test sheet. Carefully
More informationClimate Change. April 21, 2009
Climate Change Chapter 16 April 21, 2009 Reconstructing Past Climates Techniques Glacial landscapes (fossils) CLIMAP (ocean sediment) Ice cores (layering of precipitation) p Otoliths (CaCO 3 in fish sensory
More informationChapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds
Chapter 10 Planetary Atmospheres Earth and the Other Terrestrial Worlds 10.1 Atmospheric Basics Our goals for learning: What is an atmosphere? How does the greenhouse effect warm a planet? Why do atmospheric
More informationTHE EARTH S CLIMATE SYSTEM
THE EARTH S CLIMATE SYSTEM Earth s Climate System is driven by interactions between the parts of our biosphere So.what is the Biosphere? a relatively thin layer of Earth that has conditions suitable for
More informationLecture Outlines PowerPoint. Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens
Lecture Outlines PowerPoint Chapter 16 Earth Science 11e Tarbuck/Lutgens 2006 Pearson Prentice Hall This work is protected by United States copyright laws and is provided solely for the use of instructors
More informationThe continent of Antarctica Resource N1
The continent of Antarctica Resource N1 Prepared by Gillian Bunting Mapping and Geographic Information Centre, British Antarctic Survey February 1999 Equal area projection map of the world Resource N2
More informationTOPIC #12 NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING
TOPIC #12 NATURAL CLIMATIC FORCING (Start on p 67 in Class Notes) p 67 ENERGY BALANCE (review) Global climate variability and change are caused by changes in the ENERGY BALANCE that are FORCED review FORCING
More informationThis is the chemical compositon of the atmosphere, excluding water vapor. You can see that Nitrogen is dominant, but it is really just a filler, not
1 This is the chemical compositon of the atmosphere, excluding water vapor. You can see that Nitrogen is dominant, but it is really just a filler, not of great significance in weather and climate. Note
More informationClimate Variability Natural and Anthropogenic
Climate Variability Natural and Anthropogenic Jim Renwick NIWA Climate Research j.renwick@niwa.co.nz Climate equilibrium and climate forcings Natural forcings Anthropogenic forcings Feedbacks Natural variability
More informationAT350 EXAM #1 September 23, 2003
AT350 EXAM #1 September 23, 2003 Name and ID: Enter your name and student ID number on the answer sheet and on this exam. Record your answers to the questions by using a No. 2 pencil to completely fill
More information