Section 2.3. PACE Science Objectives Aerosols. Lead: R. Kahn NASA/GSFC With many contributions from the PACE SDT 14 March 2012
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1 Section 2.3. PACE Science Objectives Aerosols Lead: R. Kahn NASA/GSFC With many contributions from the PACE SDT 14 March 212
2 Section 2.3. PACE Aerosol Science Objectives Aerosol Type and Optical Depth Main Quantities: Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) Aerosol Type -- Aerosol Single-scattering Albedo (SSA) -- Aerosol Size & Shape Near-source Aerosol Plume Height Monitor Extreme Events (Wildfires, Dust outbreaks, High Pollution days, Volcanoes, ) Main Applications: Direct Aerosol Radiative Forcing (DARF) Constraining Climate Models for Aerosol-Cloud Interactions Constraining Regional Air Quality and Aerosol Exposure Models Aerosol Transports Trends Requires: Multi-angle, multi-spectral, polarimetric imager (ACE-class)
3 Section 2.3. PACE Aerosol Science Objectives Aerosol Type and Optical Depth Remote-sensing Analysis Satellites frequent, global snapshots; aerosol amount & aerosol type maps, plume & layer heights Retrieval Validation Assumption Refinement Suborbital Regional Context Aerosol-type Predictions Model Validation Parameterizations Climate Sensitivity Underlying mechanisms targeted chemical & microphysical detail CURRENT STATE Initial Conditions Assimilation point-location time series space-time interpolation, DARF & Anthropogenic Component Kahn, Survy. Geophys., 211 calculation and prediction
4 Section 2.3. PACE Aerosol Science Objectives MODIS/OMI Continuity & Enhancements OES would provide a single-view, multi-spectral, intensity-only imager Could duplicate much of the combined capabilities of MODIS and OMI -- Aerosol Index (AI) over land, water, & some clouds -- AOD over dark water and some land -- Fine/Coarse AOD ratio over dark water -- UV-Absorbing aerosol layer height and SSA constraints -- Complements VIIRS, extends two-aod-instrument (MODIS) record -- Spatial Resolution: higher than OMI, but coarser than MODIS -- Possibly better type & height constraints MODIS or OMI alone Lacks (?) MODIS 1.38 µm & thermal IR channels used for cloud-clearing Not enough aerosol type information to meet ACE requirements Not clear whether the aerosol type information is adequate for PACE Atmospheric Correction
5 Section 2.3. PACE Aerosol Science Objectives Atmospheric Correction SeaWiFS Atmospheric Correction approach -- Obtain AOD and Aerosol Type from Red-NIR bands -- Extrapolate to Blue, UV (for PACE) -- Correlate with surface reflectivity at (MOBY) surface Buoy Will this be adequate for PACE? Ocean Color parameter sensitivity requirements à *Ocean surface reflectivity sensitivity requirements (λ) à TOA reflectivity sensitivity requirements (λ, AOD, type) à Aerosol Type, AOD sensitivity requirements Key Contributors: Ahmad, Chowdhary, Frouin, Kahn, Masse, Wang (more on this in later presentations )
6 Section 2.3. PACE Aerosol Science Objectives MI Enhancements to PACE Aerosol Objectives 3MI is an advanced POLDER -- Wider Spectral Range (388 or 41 µm to SWIR 13 channels, 8 pol.) -- Somewhat higher Spatial Resolution (4 km at nadir) -- Wider Swath (114 field-of-view; 1 14 view angles) Better constraints on Aerosol Type, Over-land Retrievals, Cloud-clearing Better height-ssa constraints in the UV
7 Aerosol Type Impact on Atmospheric Correction A. Sayer & R. Kahn
8 49 AERONET Sites; 16,154 SeaWiFS Coincidences Site Number Climatological Mean (standard devia7on) of AERONET AOD SeaWiFS - AERONET Coincidences matches 38 nm 44 nm 5 nm 55 nm 675 nm 87 nm Site Type Region Main Aerosol Crozet Island 5.68 (.43).61 (.41).59 (.42).57 (.4).49 (.37).48 (.34) Island S Indian Ocean Mari@me RoCnest Island (.34).63 (.31).62 (.29).59 (.27).51 (.26).44 (.25) Coastal Isl. W Australia Mari@me Reunion St. Denis (.45).77 (.34) n/a (n/a).64 (.27).53 (.22).46 (.19) Island SW Indian Ocean Mari@me Amsterdam Island (.4).75 (.38).7 (.37).68 (.36).61 (.37).6 (.37) Island S Indian Ocean Mari@me San Nicolas (.67).88 (.56).79 (.48).72 (.43).56 (.35).49 (.3) Coastal Isl. S California Mari@me Pollu@on Tahi@ (.4).83 (.34).79 (.32).74 (.3).61 (.27).54 (.26) Island S Pacific Mari@me Nauru (.41).77 (.36).76 (.35).74 (.35).68 (.34).61 (.34) Island SW Pacific Mari@me Lanai (.55).86 (.48).8 (.42).74 (.38).64 (.33).54 (.28) Island Hawaii Mari@me Trinidad Head (.76).96 (.67).85 (.59).78 (.54).61 (.46).53 (.39) Coast N California Mari@me Coconut Island 23.1 (.52).9 (.55).85 (.41).82 (.49).73 (.41).61 (.34) Island Hawaii Mari@me Guam 82.1 (.39).92 (.36).93 (.34).88 (.33).74 (.31).68 (.31) Island W Pacific Mari@me Midway Island (.57).97 (.51).93 (.46).89 (.45).78 (.42).71 (.4) Island Central Pacific Mari@me Azores (.67).11 (.6).1 (.54).96 (.51).8 (.47).69 (.44) Island E Atlan@c Mari@me Dust Gustav Dalen Tower 23 n/a (n/a).14 (.96).11 (.81).98 (.69).69 (.51).56 (.31) Island N Bal@c Sea Mari@me- Cont. Tudor Hill (.76).14 (.63).12 (.55).11 (.5).89 (.42).83 (.38) Island W N Atlan@c Mari@me Dust Ragged Point (.7).11 (.67).11 (.64).11 (.61).91 (.57).88 (.54) Island Barbados Mari@me Dust Bermuda (.11).14 (.9).13 (.8).11 (.69).91 (.54).75 (.44) Island W N Atlan@c Mari@me Dust Cape San Juan (.87).12 (.8).12 (.75).11 (.73).1 (.68).1 (.67) Island Puerto Rico Mari@me Dust Graciosa 2.16 (.49).15 (.42).13 (.38).12 (.36).11 (.32).91 (.31) Island E Atlan@c (Azores) Mari@me Dust La Parguera (.84).14 (.75).13 (.68).12 (.65).1 (.58).86 (.54) Coast Puerto Rico Mari@me Dust Santa Cruz Tenerife (.92).14 (.86).13 (.82).12 (.79).11 (.74).92 (.7) Island E Atlan@c Mari@me Dust Cabo Da Roca (.57).15 (.1).11 (.46).12 (.82).91 (.65).75 (.52) Coast Portugal Con@nental Gotland (.14).15 (.12).13 (.1).12 (.9).86 (.67).68 (.48) Island Bal@c Mari@me- Cont. Ersa 76 n/a (n/a).18 (.8) n/a (n/a).13 (.61).1 (.52).76 (.46) Island Mediterranean Mari@me- Cont. Key Biscayne (.12).16 (.99).14 (.84).13 (.73).1 (.57).81 (.46) Coast SE Florida Mari@me Pollu@on Dry Tortugas (.12).16 (.1).14 (.86).13 (.75).1 (.59).74 (.46) Island Caribbean Mari@me Dust Lampedusa 382 n/a (n/a).18 (.11) n/a (n/a).14 (.87).12 (.77).93 (.68) Island Mediterranean Dust Pollution IMC Oristano 459 n/a (n/a).19 (.1) n/a (n/a).15 (.78).11 (.66).85 (.55) Island Mediterranean Dust Pollution Dahkla (.91).17 (.9).16 (.9).15 (.88).13 (.83).11 (.78) Coast W Sahara Dust Helgoland (.16).2 (.13).17 (.11).15 (.98).12 (.73).88 (.53) Island N Sea Maritime COVE (.22).21 (.18).18 (.15).15 (.13).11 (.97).71 (.64) Coast Chesapeake Pollution Sevastopol (.14).22 (.11).19 (.94).16 (.82).12 (.63).84 (.48) Coast Black Sea Maritime Pollution Ascension Island (.13).19 (.11).17 (.97).16 (.9).14 (.76).12 (.63) Island S Atlantic Maritime Smoke MVCO 17 n/a (n/a).21 (.2).18 (.17).16 (.16).11 (.13).7 (.86) Coastal Isl. Martha's Vineyard Maritime-Cont. Forth Crete (.12).22 (.99).19 (.87).17 (.79).13 (.67).1 (.6) Island Mediterranean Dust Pollution Kaashidhoo (.13).21 (.11).18 (.96).17 (.85).14 (.7).11 (.54) Island Indean Ocean Maritime Pollution Messina 246 n/a (n/a).22 (.13) n/a (n/a).17 (.1).13 (.88).99 (.76) Coast Sicily Maritime Dust Villefranche 546 n/a (n/a).23 (.15) n/a (n/a).17 (.11).12 (.86).87 (.62) Coast S France Maritime-Cont. Capo Verde (.1).2 (.1).17 (.97).18 (.95).17 (.89).15 (.82) Island E Atlantic Maritime Dust Inhaca 83.3 (.2).24 (.16).2 (.14).18 (.12).15 (.9).97 (.7) Coastal Isl. Mozambique Cont-Smoke MALE (.15).24 (.13).21 (.11).19 (.96).16 (.73).11 (.55) Island N Indian Ocean Maritime Pollution Shirahama (.16).25 (.14).21 (.12).19 (.11).14 (.85).11 (.62) Coast E Japan Maritime Pollution Venise (.21).27 (.18).23 (.15).19 (.13).14 (.96).91 (.62) Coast Italy Maritime-Cont. IMS METU- Erdemli (.18).27 (.15).23 (.13).2 (.12).15 (.9).11 (.67) Coast SW Turkey Maritime-Cont. Arica (.14).29 (.12).26 (.11).23 (.95).18 (.75).14 (.51) Coast Chile Pollution MCO Hanimadhoo (.15).3 (.13).27 (.11).24 (.98).19 (.77).14 (.61) Island N Indian Ocean Maritime Pollution Dakar (.12).27 (.11).24 (.1).24 (.1).22 (.94).19 (.87) Coast Senegal Dust Hong Kong Hok Tsui 3.38 (.14).32 (.13).28 (.11).25 (.94).19 (.73).13 (.47) Coast China Pollution Dust Gosan-SNU (.18).33 (.17).29 (.13).26 (.14).2 (.1).16 (.77) Coastal Isl. S Korea Pollution Dust
9 49 AERONET Sites; 16,154 SeaWiFS Coincidences AOD_44: [Calculated using SeaWiFS Algorithm] [AERONET-Measured] Climatology: Mean AOD_44_Diff vs. ARNET AOD "Mean AOD Diff vs. AOD"
10 49 AERONET Sites; 16,154 SeaWiFS Coincidences 1 (a) <! 87 <.5 8 (b).5<! 87 <.1 25 (c).1<! 87 < nm AOD error nm AOD error nm AOD error 1 (d).15<! 87 <.2 4 (e).2<! 87 <.25 2 (f).25<! 87 < nm AOD error nm AOD error nm AOD error (g).3<! nm AOD error 44 nm AOD diff., binned by ARNT AOD Bi-modal histograms for AOD >~.2 Low-AOD anomaly mostly dusty cases High-AOD anomaly likely smoke, pollution à Aerosol Type Matters, at least qualitatively See also: Li et al. 23; Schollaert et al. 23; Ransibranmanakul & Stump, 26; Ahmad et al. 21
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