Influences of environmental moisture on the development and organization of cumulus convection
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1 The 6th Research Meeting of Ultrahigh Precision Meso scale Weather Prediction DPRI, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan, 7 March 2016 Influences of environmental moisture on the development and organization of cumulus convection Tetsuya Takemi Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University
2 Motivation Tropical convection exhibits trimodal characteristics: Cu, Cg, and Cb (Johnson et al. 1999) The large scale variability of moisture in space and time significantly controls the development of cumulus convection; Cumulus activity will play a role in moistening the larger scale atmosphere by transporting moisture. Mixing between cumulus and the environment is a key to understand dynamics and interactions of tropical convection across scales
3 Cloud top height of tropical cumulus With cloud classification algorithm applied to satellite infrared data, cu-type clouds are chosen in 10 deg by 10 deg area over tropical oceanic areas. DRY1 DRY2 Relative humidity profile Cu peak : ~ 285 K Cg peak : ~ 255 K Cb peak : ~ 210 K RAINY (Takemi et al. 2004)
4 Purpose Investigate the interaction between cumulus convection and its environment over the tropical Indian Ocean Conduct high resolution simulations extending two months during Oct Nov 2011 (within the CINDY2011/ DYNAMO field observation period) with WRF/ARW v3.3.1 Domain 1: 4250 x 3000 km@12.5 km 1 way nesting; no feedback from inner domains to outer domains Domain 2: 1500 x 1500 km@2.5 km Domain 3: 300 x 300 km@500 m Domain 4: 100 x 60 km@100 m Domain 1: 51.3 E 91.7 E, 15.7 S 10.9 N Domain 2: E E, S 1.65 N Domain 3: E E, 9.36 S 6.69 N Domain 4: E E, S S; centered at Mirai Obs.
5 Large scale field: Longitude time diagram in Oct/Nov 2011 Observed (JMA Global Analysis) Vertical Velocity (omega) Oct 1 Simulated Precipitable Total Condensate Water Dec 1
6 Comparison with observations: humidity variation Relative humidity Observation: Mirai radiosonde souding Simulation: profile at the Mirai location
7 Tropospheric humidity, stability, and cloud cover in Domain 4 Domain mean relative humidity: at low levels (0 2 km, red), middle levels (2 6 km, green), and upper levels (6 10 km, blue) Domain mean lapse rate in the lower troposphere (0.5 5 km) Time height section of cloud cover
8 Tropospheric temperature lapse rate versus mid level cloud amount Cloud cover versus lapse rate/humidity CC at 4 km vs low level RH CC at 8 km vs low level RH Precipitable water versus mid level cloud amount CC at 8 km vs mid level RH
9 Layer moisture content: Nov Domain 4 versus Domain 4 area within Domain 1 More moistening for higherresolution domain :0 1 km layer (Domain 4) :0 1 km layer (Domain 4 area within Domain 4) :0 4 km layer (Domain 4) :0 4 km layer (Domain 4 area within Domain 4) :Total layer (Precip water) (Domain 4) :Total layer (Precip water) (Domain 1)
10 Convective core : qw > 0.05 g/kg and w > 0.5 m/s Thermodynamic properties of air parcels Analysis for the period of 1 Oct 1 Dec 2011 ~ Height (vapor + liquid + ice) Environment Cloudy Convective core Cloudy Environment Convective core of convective cores does not largely change with total water content. Existence of undiluted, cloud core air parcels Environmental moistening
11 Future work: thermodynamic control for warm season MCSs Locations of the occurrence of quasi stationary convective clusters (QSCCs) in warm season in Japan The importance of low to middlelevel relative humidity for the occurrence of QSCCs (Unuma and Takemi 2016, QJ)
12 Summary This study investigated the relationship between cumulus convection and environmental moisture in the tropical Indian Ocean during CINDY/DYNAMO by conducting convection resolving simulations at the 100 mgrid. The cloud cover exceeding a middle level sharply increases with the increase in precipitable water vapor over 55 mm. The increase in lower layer relative humidity results in the increase in cloud cover above the humid layer. The existence of updraft cores less is demonstrated; contributes to the environmental moistening. The updraft cores play a key role in the interrelationship between cumulus convection and its environment, and are regarded as having a preconditioning influence for the convective initiation of MJO. Takemi, T., 2015: Relationship between cumulus activity and environmental moisture during the CINDY2011/DYNAMO field experiment as revealed from convection resolving simulations. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 93A, 41 58, doi: /jmsj
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Lecture Notes Prepared by Prof. J. Francis Spring 2003 Remote Sensing of Precipitation Primary reference: Chapter 9 of KVH I. Motivation -- why do we need to measure precipitation with remote sensing instruments?