The Invisible Universe: Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Transcription

1 L Papantonopoulos (Ed) The Invisible Universe: Dark Matter and Dark Energy fyj Springer

2 Contents Part I Dark Matter The Missing Matter of the Universe as Seen by Astroparticle Physics and Astrophysics 1 Particle Physics Approach to Dark Matter George Lazarides 3 11 Introduction 3 12 Axions Salient Features of MSSM Neutralmo Relic Abundance Axmos Gravitmos Yukawa Quasi Unification Conclusions LSP as a Candidate for Dark Matter Athanasios Lahanas Introduction The Energy - Matter Content of the Universe The Thermal Universe Dark Matter Calculating DM Relic Abundances Supersymmetry and its Cosmological Implications Conclusions On the Direct Detection of Dark Matter John Vergados Introduction The Nature of the LSP The Feynman Diagrams Entering the Direct Detection of LSP 72

3 X Contents 3 4 Going from the Quark to the Nucleon Level The Nucleon Cross Sections The Allowed SUSY Parameter Space Rates Expressions for the Rates Bounds on the Scalar Proton Cross Section Exclusion Plots in the a p a n and a p a n Planes The Modulation Effect Transitions to Excited States The Directional Rates Observation of Electrons Produced During the LSP nucleus Collisions Conclusions Galaxy Formation and Dark Matter Joseph Silk Introduction Precision Cosmology The Global Baryon Inventory The Missing' Baryons Large scale Structure and Cold Dark Matter The Issues Resurrection via Astrophysics What Determines the Mass of a Galaxy Disk Galaxy Formation Spheroidal Galaxy Formation Numerical Simulations The Case for Positive Feedback Observing Cold Dark Matter Where Next Summary Part II Dark Energy The Energy Balance of the Universe within the Standard Cosmological Model 5 Cosmological Parameters from Galaxy Clusters An Introduction Paolo Tozzi Introduction Clusters of Galaxies in a Cosmological Context From Observations to Cosmological Parameters New Physics and Future Prospects What to Bring Home

4 Contents XI 6 Cosmological Constraints from Galaxy Clustering Will Percival 6 1 Introduction 6 2 Basics 6 3 Matter Perturbations 6 4 The Evolution of Perturbations 6 5 Galaxy Survey Analysis 6 6 Practicalities 6 7 Results from Recent Surveys 6 8 Combination with CMB Data 7 Dark Energy and the Microwave Background Robert Crittenden 7 1 Introduction 7 2 Models for Dark Energy 7 3 The Physics of the Microwave Background 7 4 Ways of Probing Dark Energy 7 5 The Integrated Sachs Wolfe Effect 7 6 Conclusions and Future Prospects 8 Models of Dark Energy M Sami 8 1 Glimpses of FRW Cosmology 8 2 Cosmological Constant A 8 3 Dynamically Evolving Scalar Field Models of Dark Energy 8 4 Scaling Solutions in Models of Coupled Quintessence 8 5 Quintessential Inflation 8 6 Conclusions 9 Accelerating Universe Observational Status and Theoretical Implications Leandros Penvolaropoulos 9 1 Introduction 9 2 Expansion History from the Luminosity Distances of Snla 9 3 Observational Results 9 4 Dark Energy and Negative Pressure 9 5 Dynamical Evolution of Dark Energy 9 6 The Fate of a Phantom Dominated Universe Big Rip 9 7 Future Prospects Conclusion

5 XII Contents Part III Dark Matter and Dark Energy Beyond the Standard Theory of General Relativity 10 The Physics of Extra Dimensions Ignatios Antomadis Introduction Framework Experimental Implications m Accelerators Supersymmetry in the Bulk and Short Range Forces Electroweak Symmetry Breaking Standard Model on D branes Non compact Extra Dimensions and Localized Gravity Dark Energy from Brane-world Gravity Roy Maartens Introduction KK Modes of the Graviton DGP Type Brane worlds Self accelerating Cosmologies Conclusion The Issue of Dark Energy in String Theory Nick Mavromatos Introduction De Sitter (ds) Universes from a Modern Perspective No Horizons m Perturbative (Critical) String Theory Dilaton Quintessence in String Theory Conclusions Modified Gravity Without Dark Matter Robert Sanders Introduction The Phenomenology of MOND Relativistic MOND TeVeS Successes, Issues and Modifications Conclusions Avoiding Dark Energy with 1/R Modifications of Gravity Richard Woodard Introduction The Theorem of Ostrogradski Common Misconceptions 410

6 Contents XIII 14 4 AR[g] = f(r) Theories Problems with f(r) = -^ Conclusions Index 435