NP JSC National Aeronautics and Space Administration International Space Station calendar

Transcription

1 NP JC National Aeronautics and pace Administration International pace tation calendar 200

2 With the beginning of a new year, construction of the International pace tation is nearing completion. As the largest and most complicated spacecraft ever built, this orbiting outpost can support a crew of six, operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year. It is a shining example of international cooperation for the United tates and its space exploration partners. A New Year of Exploration January Pioneer 0. Flyby of Jupiter. First flyby of outer planet Gemini VII Unity Connecting Module. First U.. segment Expedition Apollo 7. Final Apollo mission P5 truss Winter olstice Winter begins 965 Gemini VI-A and VII successfully rendezvous 970 Venera 7 (U...R.). First spacecraft to land on another planet (Venus) 903 Wright brothers first flight Christmas Day 968 Apollo Apollo 8 becomes first crewed mission to orbit the moon New st 3 rd November January

3 Neutral Buoyancy Lab Ascent raining Virtual Reality Lab Food asting Lab Ground support for the International pace tation involves more than 00,000 people in space agencies, at 500 contractor facilities and in 37 U.. states. Crew trainers, food technicians and scuba divers are only a few examples of the diverse workforce necessary to keep the space station operational. From the Ground Up December 200 New Year s Day Luna becomes first spacecraft to reach escape velocity and orbit the sun 2004 pirit rover lands on Mars 968 urveyor moon 998 Lunar Prospector Martin Luther King, Jr. Day huttle-mir pacehab 965 Gemini II 968 Apollo huttle-mir Voyager 2 Uranus flyby 2004 Opportunity rover lands on Mars Explorer First U.. satellite 96 Mercury 2 97 Apollo President Ronald Reagan announces U.. plans to build a space station 967 Apollo fire st L pace huttle Challenger accident 998 Intergovernmental Agreement on pace tation Cooperation signed December February

4 he 2005 NAA Authorization Act designated the U.. segment of the space station as a national laboratory, making it available for research by other federal entities and the private sector. he research conducted on this one-of-akind orbiting lab helps improve life on Earth and teaches us valuable lessons needed to tackle the challenges of long-duration space flight. Out of this World cience February Expedition arrives at I. Continuous human occupation of I begins 973 Mariner 0. First spacecraft to explore Mercury Veterans Day Mars Global urveyor 967 Apollo Gemini XII First space shuttle operational mission Mariner 9 Mars. First spacecraft to orbit another planet 969 Apollo upply 973 kylab 4 hanksgiving Day Zarya Control Module. I construction begins P truss, Expedition Mariner 4 Mars First non-american participates in U.. mission P6 truss. First set of I solar arrays New st 3 rd October December

5 ince the arrival of the Expedition crew on November 2, 2000, there has been a continuous human presence on the International pace tation. During that decade, the space station has been home for crew members and visitors from around the world. Represented here are flags of the international partners and crew patches for each expedition. November A Decade in pace M F Eileen Collins first female space shuttle pilot pace huttle Columbia accident 7 W Ranger 8 moon 977 pace huttle Enterprise first flight test B. Astronauts conduct first untethered spacewalks Destiny Laboratory EA Columbus Presidents Day Friendship 7. John Glenn first American to orbit Earth Apollo/aturn 20 3rd 5 New 4 st M W F March 200 January M 2 W 3 4 F

6 Viedma Glacier Grey Glacier For nearly a decade, crew members on board the space Cleveland Volcano Lake Puma Yumco hiveluch Volcano station have taken thousands of photos of the Earth below. From fiery volcanoes spewing smoke and lava to icy lakes and glaciers in the coldest environments of our planet, crews have given humankind views of these natural phenomena from one of the most unusual perspectives available. arychev Peak Volcano Fire and Ice March NAA officially begins operations igma First satellite, putnik (U...R.) truss Columbus Day Expedition 6 Peggy Whitson first female I commander 958 Pioneer I. First NAA launch 968 Apollo 7. First crewed Apollo mission Z truss 964 Voskhod (U...R.). First flight with multiple crew members 2004 I Expedition I Expedition Expedition Mariner 5 Venus flyby Harmony Connecting Module Expedition First I crew 977 Last free-flight test pace huttle Enterprise st 3 rd eptember John Glenn returns to space November

7 Long-duration space flight requires the invention of new technologies that often have life-improving applications back on Earth. Enhanced surgical robotics, more accurate automobile safety testing, improved air purification and plant growth using less water and no pesticides are just a few of the technological spinoffs from the International pace tation that improve our daily lives. Improving Life on Earth October Pioneer 0. First spacecraft to visit outer planet and leave solar system 959 Pioneer 4. First successful lunar mission by U.. spacecraft 969 Apollo Expedition 2. First crew rotation. First multi-purpose logistics module flight 2008 First EA AV JAXA ELM-P pring Equinox pring begins truss 926 First liquid-fueled rocket 966 Gemini VIII. First successful docking of two spacecraft 965 Cosmonaut Alexei Leonov becomes the first person to spacewalk Gemini III. First crewed mission of Gemini Project I Expedition I Expedition 3 st February April

8 Globular Cluster NGC 2808 Abell 0740 Orion Nebula Planetary Nebula NGC 2440 Giant Nebula NGC 3603 April Hubble urns 20 On April 24, 990, the Hubble pace elescope was launched aboard pace huttle Discovery and placed on orbit approximately 347 miles (559 km) above the Earth. Five servicing missions have kept Hubble s vision crystal clear as it continues to capture thousands of stunning images of faraway galaxies, helping us uncover the mysteries of our universe. M W F Viking 2 lands on Mars 6 Labor Day urveyor 5 moon upply 977 Voyager Gemini Mercury-Atlas Pirs docking compartment urveyor 2 moon 2003 Galileo. First spacecraft to enter Jupiter s atmosphere Viking P3/P4 truss First JAXA HV 997 Mars Global urveyor enters Martian orbit Expedition 4 22 Equinox 23 Autumnal 24 Autumn begins 992 Mars Observer Expedition 2 August First shuttle flight following the pace huttle Challenger accident 3rd 25 New 8 st M 2 W 3 4 F October M W F

9 With the installation of its last solar arrays, the International pace tation is equal to the length of a football field, including both end zones. Once complete, it will weigh almost a million pounds (453,592 kg) and have living space nearly equal to the room inside one and a half Boeing 747 jetliners. Currently, the space station travels an equivalent distance to the moon and back in about a day. Zone to Zone eptember Apollo Pioneer 984-4C. First orbital satellite repair mission 2007 I Expedition Gemini I test flight truss 2008 Expedition NAA announces Mercury 7. NAA s first astronaut class Apollo 3 96 Cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin becomes first human in space First space shuttle (Columbia) mission Expedition Canadarm oyuz accident Hubble pace elescope 2003 Expedition 7 March May st

10 pace huttle Progress Automated ransfer Vehicle (AV) H-IIB ransfer Vehicle (HV) Orbiting 240 statute miles ( km) above the Earth at 7,500 mph (32,40 km/h) creates a challenge when it comes to making a trip to the grocery store. Crew members rely on an international collection of space shopping carts to make regular deliveries to the space station. Pictured is the United tates space shuttle, a Russian Progress, the European pace Agency AV and the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency HV. pecial Delivery May Phoenix Mars Lander Pioneer 3 Venus truss Expedition pace huttle Enterprise first free-flight test 2005 Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Viking Mars 977 Voyager Gemini V Apollo/aturn Voyager 2. aturn flyby 989 Voyager 2. Neptune flyby upply st July eptember

11 leeping, eating and exercising are just as critical in space as they are on Earth. On the space station, microgravity requires a unique approach to accomplishing all of these. Crews literally have to strap in to take a jog, enjoy a meal or get a good night s rest. Life in pace August Freedom 7. Alan hepard, Jr. first American in space Hubble pace elescope servicing 973 kylab space station Faith 7. Final Mercury flight 969 Apollo upply Aurora kylab 2. First U.. space station crew First space shuttle to dock with I 2009 I Expedition 20 Memorial Day 2 3 April June urveyor I moon 97 Mariner 9 Mars JAXA JPM st

12 pacewalks, global photography, scientific research, robotics it s just another day at the office for space station crew members. Add to that the maintenance of a spaceship the size of a football field and it s easy to see how busy life on orbit can be for the space station s international crew. A Day at the Office June Cape Canaveral, Fla. established as NAA Launch Operations Center 4 Independence Day Mars Pathfinder lands on red planet upply 966 Apollo/aturn Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity elstar-. First commercial communications satellite 979 kylab reenters Earth s atmosphere Quest Airlock 2000 Zvezda ervice Module 965 Mariner 4 takes first close-up pictures of Mars 967 urveyor 4 moon 975 Apollo-oyuz est Project JAXA EF and ELM-E 969 Apollo Gemini Apollo lands on moon 976 Viking. First U.. mission to land on Mars 96 Liberty Bell Eileen Collins first female space shuttle commander yncom 2 97 Apollo First shuttle flight following the pace huttle Columbia accident 964 Ranger 7 moon 973 kylab 3 crew 958 NAA created 960 Mercury-Atlas st June August

13 Nighttime Los Angeles Hurricane Isabel Palm Island Resort, Dubai Aurora Australis Wonders of our world, both natural and human-made, have been viewed and photographed by crew members living on board the space station for almost a decade. he amazing images captured by the crews continue to inspire and inform and help us better understand our world and our impact on it. Wonders of Our World July urveyor I becomes first U.. spacecraft to soft land on moon 965 Gemini IV 966 Gemini IX-A Expedition /4 truss 2003 Mars Exploration Rover pirit Cosmonaut Valentina ereshkova becomes first female in space ally Ride first U.. female in space ummer olstice 20 2 ummer begins Atlantis becomes first shuttle to dock with Russian Mir space station 97 oyuz accident May July st

14 As we enter into our tenth year of human presence on board the International pace tation (I), we celebrate the fact and acknowledge the success of the I as one of the greatest technological, political and engineering accomplishments in human history. As we near the completion of the I on-orbit assembly, along with the successful expansion of the nominal crew size from three to a history-making six people, we turn our focus to the multifaceted purpose of the I. he I is the first step in exploration, from research and discovery, to international cooperation, to technology development, to living and working permanently in low-earth orbit. With the unique capabilities of the I, we as a species can unravel the mysteries of life to better understand our home planet and continue our innate mandate to explore the beyond. his calendar is designed to show all facets of the I using displays of astounding imagery and providing significant historical events with the hope of inspiring the next generation. NAA is grateful for the hard work and commitment that America s teachers demonstrate each and every day as they educate and shape the young students who will be tomorrow s leaders and explorers. I hope you enjoy the calendar and are inspired to learn something new and exciting about NAA and the I throughout the year. Regards, Michael. uffredini I Program Manager