The Moon (-) The Earth's only natural satelite

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1 c (Between ) Native Indians in Chaco Canyon [New Mexico] built multistory buildings and roads. Evidence was later discovered that they designed a vast map of the yearly sun cycle and the 19-year cycle of the moon. 4 Jul 1054 Chinese and Arabian observers first documented the massive supernova of the Crab Nebula, It was reportedly six times brighter than Venus and was only outshone by the sun and moon and could be observed in broad daylight for 23 days. 5 Jun 1099 Knights and their families on the First Crusade witnessed an eclipse of the moon and interpreted it as a sign from God that they would recapture Jerusalem Proposed time of origin of lunar crater Giordano Bruno 5 Canterbury monks report explosion on the moon (the only such observation known) Tycho Brahe observes that a comet is beyond the moon Thomas Harriot maps the moon using a telescope 1610 Galileo Galilei observes craters on the moon Isaac Newton deduces the inverse-square gravitational force law from the 'falling' of the Moon Pierre Laplace completes his study of gravitation, the stability of the solar system, tides, the precession of the equinoxes, the libration of the Moon and Saturn's rings in 'Mécanique Céleste' (Celestial Mechanics). 2 Jan 1839 French photographer Louis Daguerre takes the first photograph of the Moon. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 1

2 1840 Draper takes first successful photo of the Moon (a daguerrotype) John W. Draper of New York invents astronomical photography and makes the first US celestial photograph of the Moon William Bond obtains the first photograph of Moon through a telescope The first science fiction film,'a Trip to the Moon' by Georges Méliès, pioneer of film fantasy, is released Smallest earth-moon distance this century, which was 356,375 km center-to-center. 17 Jan 1923 The origin of Brown lunation numbers. A lunation begins at the dark moon (astronomical conjunction of Sun and Moon), and the next dark moon marks the beginning of the next lunation. Lunations are numbered -1, 0, 1, 2,... in temporal order Seth Nicholson measures the surface temperature of the Moon 1946 The US Army establishes the first radar contact with Moon, Belmar, New Jersey A flash of light is observed in the crater Plato on the Moon 1950 Because of forest fire in British Columbia, blue moon appears in England World's 1st Moon probe, US's Thor-Able, explodes at T +77 sec Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 2

3 1958 The second US Moon probe, Pioneer 1, reaches 113,810 km, and falls back to Earth. 13 Sep 1959 USSR Luna 2, the hard lander, is the first human-made device to impact the Moon east of Mare Serenitatis Far side of Moon seen for 1st time by USSR's Luna Soviet Luna 3, 1st successful photographic spacecraft, impacts Moon 25 May 1961 John F Kennedy sets goal of putting a man on Moon before the end of decade US Ranger 2 launched to Moon; failed. 23 Apr 1962 US Ranger 4, 1the first US satellite to impact the Moon launched from Cape Canaveral. 18 Oct 1962 US Ranger 5 launches for the Moon. It was to be a lander but became a flyby because of a spacecraft failure The Sun, the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter & Saturn are aligned within 16 degrees of each other US launches Ranger 3, misses Moon by 22,000-mile (37,000-km) US Ranger 4 spacecraft crash lands on the Moon. 2 Apr 1963 Soviet Luna 4 launches. It was intended to be a lunar lander but missed the Moon and is now in an Earth Moon orbit. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 3

4 1964 Ranger 6 launched; makes perfect flight to Moon, but cameras fail USSR launches Luna 7; crash lands on Moon USSR launches Luna 8; crashes on Moon USSR launches Luna 5; later impacts on Moon US Ranger 9 strikes Moon, 10 miles (16 km) northeast of crater Alphonsus Ranger 8 makes hard landing on the Moon, returns photos, other data USSR launches Luna 6; missed Moon USSR launches Luna 9 toward the Moon USSR launches Luna 11 for orbit around Moon Luna 10 becomes the first spacecraft to orbit the Moon Soviet Union's Luna 10 becomes 1st spacecraft to orbit Moon Lunar Orbiter 1 takes 1st photograph of Earth from Moon Luna 13 lands on Moon Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 4

5 The first US lunar orbiter begins orbiting the Moon US Surveyor B launched toward Moon; crashed Sept 23 The first soft landing on the Moon (Soviet Luna 9) US Surveyor probe lands safely on moon US launches Surveyor 1 to the Moon USSR launches Luna 12 for orbit around Moon Surveyor 6 becomes 1st man-made object to lift off the Moon US launches Surveyor 6; makes soft landing on Moon Nov 9 Lunar Orbiter 4 launched by US; begins orbiting Moon May 7 Surveyor 5 launched; makes soft landing on Moon Sept 10 Surveyor 3 launched; soft lands on Moon, April 20 US Surveyor 3 lands on Moon 21 Dec Apollo 8, the first manned Moon voyage, launches for moon orbit. The crew were: Frank Borman, Jim Lovell and Bill Anders. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 5

6 23 Dec Borman, Lovell & Anders become 1st men to orbit Moon 24 Dec Frank Borman transmits a Christmas reading from Apollo 8, while orbiting Moon. 27 Dec Apollo 8 retuns safely to earth after moon orbit. Zond 5 completes circumnavigation of the Moon Surveyor 7 lands on the Moon Apollo 5 launched to Moon; unmanned lunar module tests made Photograph of Earth from the moon. Surveyor 7 space probe soft lands on the Moon Kenneth Nordtvedt studies a possible violation of the weak equivalence principle for self-gravitating bodies and proposes a new test of the weak equivalence principle based on observing the relative motion of the Earth and Moon in the Sun's gravitational field Surveyor 7 (last of series) launched by US for soft-landing on Moon 16 Jul 1969 Apollo 11 launches for the Moon. The crew were: Neil A. Armstrong, Michael Collins and Edwin E. Aldrin. 20 Jul 1969 Apollo 11 astronaut Neil A. Armstrong became the first man to walk on the moon. Fellow astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin becomes the second to walk on the moon. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 6

7 24 Jul 1969 Apollo 11 returns safely to earth from the moon. 14 Nov 1969 Apollo 12 launches for the moon; beoming the 2nd manned Moon landing. The Crew were: Charles Conrad, Richard F. Gordon and Alan L. Bean. Nov 1969 Charles Conrad and Alan L. Bean become 3rd and 4th humans to walk on the Moon Astronauts send first live photographs from the moon. 11 Apr 1970 Apollo 13 launches for the Moon but is unable to land and returns in 6 days Luna 16 leaves the Moon 1970 Russia lands Lunokhod 1 unmanned remote-controlled vehicle on Moon Feb 1971 Apollo 14, 3rd US manned Moon expedition, lands near Fra Mauro. Alan Shepard and Edward Mitchell walk on Moon for 4 hours. Feb 1971 The first time a golf ball is hit on the Moon (by Alan Shepard). Feb 1971 Apollo 14 lander Antares lands on Moon (Shepard & Mitchell). Jul 1971 Apollo 15 astronaut Dave Scott becomes 1st person to drive a car on the Moon. Apr 1972 Apollo 16 astronauts John Young and Charles Duke explore the Moon. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 7

8 Apr 1972 Apollo 16 astronauts John W. Young and Charles M. Duke land on Moon and explore with with Boeing Lunar Rover #2. 7 Dec 1972 Apollo 17, the last of Apollo Moon series, is launched for the moon. 19 Dec 1972 Apollo 17, the last of Apollo Moon landing series, returns safely to Earth. Dec 1972 Apollo 17 astronauts Eugene A. Cernan and Harrison H. Schmit become 11th & 12th humans to walk on the Moon Luna 20 (Russia) launched to orbit & soft landing on Moon 1973 Luna 21 launched, to Moon 1973 USSR's Lunakhod 2 begins radio-controlled exploration of the Moon 1973 USSR launches Luna 21 for Moon landing 1976 USSR's Luna 24 soft-lands on Moon 1977 US Voyager I takes 1st space photograph of Earth & Moon together 1989 Total eclipse of the Moon Conjunction of Venus, Mars, Uranus, Neptune, Saturn and the Moon. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 8

9 25 Jan 1994 US space probe Clementine launched, the official name being 'Deep Space Probe Science Experiment' (DSPSE). It was a Department of Defense program used to test new space technology and spent 70 days in lunar orbit, its four cameras mapped the surface of the Moon at meters/pixel resolution. Copyright (c) , HistoryMole.com, All rights reserved. Page 9

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