FEEDBACK IN GALAXY FORMATION

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1 FEEDBACK IN GALAXY FORMATION Disks SMBH growth AGN and star formation Joe Silk IAP/JHU/Oxford Collaborators: Vincenzo Antonnucio-Deloglou, Volker Gaibler, Sadegh Khochfar

2 Feedback is needed t cool t dyn ~ ~ nkt L( T ) n 1 Gm p 2 n f(l) observations theory (CDM-motivated) æ M cooled-baryons ~ a ḡ2 a 3 ç è L * ~ mp me L ö æ t cool ø ç è t dyn ö T1+2b ø Reionization Supernovae Tidal stripping Active galactic nuclei Infall heating SN Galaxy luminosity/mass AGN

3 A GLOBAL STAR FORMATION LAW Kennicutt et al 2006 M33 Grossi et al 2008 SFR=0.02 (GAS SURFACE DENSITY)/t dyn SFE: e = s gas v cool m *,SN / E SN = 0.02 low efficiency due to SN feedback cold gas accretion/global disk instability

4 But SNe do not eject enough baryons even from dwarfs Outflow/inflow Baryon fraction Powell et al 2011 McGaugh et al 2010

5 star formation rate/pc 2 100% 1% Starbursts have higher SFE H 2 fraction controls star formation (depends on UV, Z) Star Formation efficiency =SFR/GAS MASS x FREE FALL TIME Bigiel et al 2009 atomic + molecular gas density/pc 2

6 The angular momentum problem Bulge/disk ratio is too large due to dynamical friction on dark matter. causes angular momentum loss of infalling substructures Solved by SN-driven wind feedback. but at a price

7 gas gas Hi SFE Lo SFE Piontek and Steinmetz 2011 stars Agertz 2010

8 But the disk overheats House et al 2011

9 NGC 545 a pure thin disk galaxy Kormendy et al 2010

10 More massive pure disk galaxies NGC 6946 NGC6503

11 FEEDBACK BY AGN

12 AGN are observed to quench star formation. Schawinski et al.2010 Schawinski et al Shock-Excited Photoionized Schawinski et al Age in billions of years

13 Farrah et al 2012 AGN-driven ouflows anticorrelate with obscured star formation

14 star formation rate is quenched by AGN Antonuccio-Deloglou+ 2010

15 AGN jet-induced backflow feeds the SMBH yr entropy contours yr Antonuccio-Deloglou + Silk 2009

16 Feedback by massive black holes L Edd /c=gmm gas /r 2 æ ç s M = Msun ç ç 300 km è s ö ø 4 black hole mass Blowout occurs/star formation terminates s when SMBH- relation saturates McConnell et al 2011 velocity dispersion

17 BH GROWTH AND STAR FORMATION

18 star formation rate density vs. mass assembly rate Star formation rate density Stellar mass assembly rate Wilkins et al 2008

19 DOWNSIZING via galaxy stellar mass fraction (centrals) efficiency via abundance matching to z=4 Behroozi 2010

20 Black hole accretion rate Buried AGN fraction Imanishi 2010 Silverman et al Star formation rate density Star formation rate + downsizing correction from Behroozi et al 2012 BH accretion rate x 1000 Buried AGN correction?

21 Active galactic nuclei: aftermath or precursor to star formation? gravity-induced star formation quenching and/or triggering x 10-3 star formation rate SMBH accretion rate z=1 z=10 redshift

22 connection between AGN and starbursts Hatziminaoglou 2010 Netzer 2009 Netzer 2011

23 Luminous AGN correlate with star formation Lutz et al 2011

24 Common feeding of SMBH & SF by CO reservoir L bol PAH6m Xia et al 2012

25 Specific star formation rate SFR/M star Median SSFR Elbaz et al 2011 Wechsler 2012

26 Gultekin 2009

27 momentum-driven AGN winds alone cannot explain the M BH -s relation Unbinding the gas requires hm BH c > M g s Silk & Nusser 2010

28 FEEDBACK PROBLEMS IN MASSIVE GALAXIES 1) Its not supernovae 2) Its not AGN momentum 3) maybe its both! AGN triggering of star formation

29 star formation may be triggered by AGN If AGN-driven outflows trigger star formation, JS and Norman 2009 JS + C. Norman 2008 star formation rate boost factor ~ v cocoon /s ~ outflow momentum amplified by supernovae e SN = s v cool m *,SN / E SN SFR = em gas /t ff Klamer et al z = 4.7 quasar + CO Minkowski s object Croft et al H 2 formation triggered by AGN

30 Intense central UV in PDR [CII]/FIR associated with extreme starburst [CII] Stacey et al 2010

31 SMBH in z ~ 6 quasars lie high Wang et al 2010

32 3-d N-body + hydro: RAMSES code (simulations by V. Gaibler, S. Khochfar, M. Krause, JS 2011) 100 pc resolution, 10 cm -3 SF threshold

33 pressure

34 stars

35 UNSOLVED FEEDBACK PROBLEMS IN GALAXY FORMATION How do we form bulgeless (> 15%) galaxies? How are baryons lost from galaxies? Are there two modes of star formation? Why downsizing in Z, M*, SSFR, M BH? McConnell et al 2011 How are SMBH formed at early epochs? How are stars formed in extreme environments?

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