αx = arctan( x ) x αy = arctan( y ) y INTR ODUCTION f f a = f 2 +z f z f f α 3/300 rad = rad = 0,5730 =

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1 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S INTR ODUCTION IGNMENT SYSTEMS RETICES MODUES UTOCOIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES COIMTORS ayout and principle of operation testing telescope provides a magnified real image of a distant object. Usually the object is at infinity at a wave of 56 nm. The main components of a testing telescope are: objective tube with objective reticle sleeve with reticle eyepiece The following figure shows the principle set-up of a testing telescope with straight ing adjusted to infinity. The reticle is positioned at the rear focal plane of the objective. Due to this configuration all objects at infinity are imaged into the reticle plane. The reticle plane is ed through the eyepiece. Due to this set-up the image in the eyepiece is rotated by 180. Mechanical and optical axes of testing telescopes with focal f 300 mm are adjusted with an accuracy of ±30 µm / f. Objective tube Reticle sleeve Eyepiece s form with collimators a measuring system for direction and angle testing of optical elements or optical systems in transmission. Calculation of the angles The angles (αx and αy ) can be calculated from the distances x or y of the image of the collimator reticle to zero position of the eyepiece reticle as follows: αx = arctan( x ) x f f αy = arctan( y ) y f f f: focal of the telescope objective Numerical example: displacement of 3 mm measured with a testing telescope with 300 mm focal corresponds to an angle of: α 3/300 rad = rad = 0,30 = point at a distance of 10 µm to the centre of the eyepiece reticle corresponds to an angle of the parallel beam to the optical axis of the telescope as follows: Focal ngle 50 mm 1 90 mm mm mm mm 6,9 500 mm,1 600 mm 3, 1100 mm 1,9 djustable Focus esides testing telescopes with fixed distance between reticle and objective telescopes with adjustable focus are available. With these telescopes the distance between reticle and objective is adjustable. If the reticle is displaced out of the focal plane by a distance z, then the telescope is focused at a distance a according to: z <0 corresponds to a decrease of the distance between objective and reticle. The resulting image distance is negative (virtual object position) (a). z > 0 corresponds to a real image with positive object distance (c). z = 0 produces an image at infinite distance (b). [ild Fokussierbare Fernrohre] (+)a a) b) c) a = f 2 +z f z ( )a f ( )z (+)z Selection criteria ong or short focal? Depending on the magnification of the instrument a longer focal leads to a greater measuring sensitivity and measurement accuracy. s the focal increases, the measuring (FOV) decreases proportionally. dditionally, the intensity of the light bundle received by the telescope decreases with increased focal. longer focal affects the mechanical of the tube, as well. Small or large objective? ight conditions are more favourable when large aper-tures are used, and the evaluation of the results is easier and more accurate. long distance between test specimen and telescope demands a relatively large free (or ratio). For these measurements a relatively large diameter should be used. Fixed or variable distance setting? Fixed, infinity focus testing telescopes are generally the best choice when testing systems adjusted to infinity. Fixed focus tubes set at other than infinity can be ordered. For measurement tasks requiring an adjustable focal distance like adjustment at different waves or to different distances, focusable testing telescopes with objective tube with tube s are used. Eyepiece focal? Usually eyepieces with f =1,7 mm are used. Eyepieces with f=10 mm give greater magnification but less field angle. Eyepieces with f=25 mm give larger field of but less magnification. For eyepieces with f=1,7 mm and f=25 mm a C-Mount Camera adapter is available. IGNMENT SYSTEMS RETICES MODUES UTOCOIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES COIMTORS 20 Subject to change without prior notice 21

2 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S STR IGHT VI EWI NG COIMTORS eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES Objective tube Reticle Eyepiece pplication examples (additional collimator required): If not specified otherwise, the testing telescope is adjusted to infinity at 56 nm wave. djustment to other distances or waves is also possible on demand. The nomenclature of the testing telescopes with straight ing is as follows: Example: F G 50/ 0/ 1, ,7 TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS Measurement of angular displacement Parallelism measurement of uncoated flats Testing of the imaging properties of optical elements and systems Focal diameter Eyepiece focal Ø 5 UTOCOIMTORS MODUES FG 300/65/1, , FG 500/65/1, , FG 500T/65/1, ,0 233 RETICES RETICES MODUES IGNMENT SYSTEMS 2,5 16,7 5,7 26,7 f FG 50/0/1, , FG 90/0/1, , FG 10/0/1, , FG 200/0/1, , FG 300/0/1, , FG 500/0/1, ,0 7 D a b c d e1 e FG 600/128/1, ,8 Ø 128 f FG 1100/105/1, ,5 Ø 105 f Subject to change without prior notice 23 Ø D a b 88 c e1 d d e2 c 26,7 IGNMENT SYSTEMS

3 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S 90 -VI EWI NG TESTING TEESCOPES COIMTORS The basic function and design of testing telescopes with 90 ing is the same as of testing telescopes with straight ing. The testing telescopes with 90 ing contain an additional folding mirror. This kind of testing telescope is used for vertical set-ups or for set-ups on optical tables where straight ing is not practical from point of of ergonomics and space. eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but If not specified otherwise, the testing telescope is adjusted to infinity at 56 nm wave. djustment to other distances or waves is also possible on demand. The nomenclature of the testing telescopes with 90 -ing is as follows: Example: F R 50/ 0/ 1,7 TESTING TEESCOPES COIMTORS MODUES UTOCOIMTORS pplication examples (additional collimator required): Measurement of angular displacement Parallelism measurement of uncoated flats Testing of the imaging properties of optical elements and systems Objective tube Eyepiece Reticle Folding mirror 90 ing Focal diameter Eyepiece focal Please specify direction of use if reticles with lettering (e.g. co-ordinate division etc.) are used so that the lettering will be right-side-up FR 300/65/1, , , FR 500/65/1, , , FR 500T/65/1, , ,0 Ø 5 MODUES UTOCOIMTORS Measurement of the focal of negative optical systems/ elements (additional attachment achromat required) RETICES RETICES IGNMENT SYSTEMS 2,5 f7 c e1 d a d e2 c b IGNMENT SYSTEMS FR 50/0/1, , , FR 90/0/1, , , FR 10/0/1, , , FR 200/0/1, , , FR 300/0/1, , , FR 500/0/1, , ,5 D a b c d e1 e FR 600/128/1, ,8 Ø 128 f FR 1100/105/1, ,5 Ø 105 f Subject to change without prior notice 25 Ø D

4 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S 60 -VI EWI NG/60 -VI EWI NG WITH DOUE MICROMETE R MODUES UTOCOIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES COIMTORS The basic function and design of testing telescopes with 60 ing is the same as of testing telescopes with 90 - ing. The testing telescopes with 60 ing contain a folding mirror (see following figure). The image appears upright but laterally reversed. This kind of testing telescopes is used for horizontally set-ups because the 60 - ing is more ergonomic. The testing telescopes with 60 ing (figure ) are available also with mechanical micrometer (figure ) and digital double micrometers (figure C). The scale division (SD) of the mechanical micrometer drum is 5 µm. For a general description of the operating principle of testing telescopes with double micrometers see page 28 and 30 respectively. Fig. ild Eyepiece Reticle sleeve eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but If not specified otherwise, the testing telescope is adjusted to infinity at 56 nm wave. djustment to other distances or waves is also possible on demand. When ordering a telescope with digital double micrometer please specify the unit of display of the digital gauges (mm, arcsec, milliradians). The nomenclature of the testing telescopes with 60 -ing and 60 ing with double micrometer respectively is as follows: Example: F W 300/ 65/ 1,7 MD MDD 60 ing Focal diameter Eyepiece focal Double micrometer Digital double micrometer 60 -VI E WI NG Ø 67 16,7 5,7 26, FW 300/65/1, , FW 500/65/1, , FW 500T/65/1, , VI E WI NG WITH D OUE M ICROMETE R 60 o 60 o MODUES UTOCOIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES COIMTORS Fig. Objective Folding mirror Ø 67 5 RETICES ild Eyepiece SD FW 300/65/1,7 MD ,6 3, FW 500/65/1,7 MD , 2, FW 500T/65/1,7 MD , 2,0 233 RETICES IGNMENT SYSTEMS Fig. C Objective Folding mirror o IGNMENT SYSTEMS ild C Objective 12, Folding mirror Eyepiece 26 Subject to change without prior notice 27 Ø 67 5 Resolution FW 300/65/1,7 MDD ,6 1, FW 500/65/1,7 MDD , 0, FW 500T/65/1,7 MDD , 0,5 233

5 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S STR IGHT VI EWI NG WITH DOUE M ICROMETE R COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES s with mechanical double micrometer allow the measurement of deflection angles in two directions. The movement of the eyepiece reticle in x- and y-direction in the image plane can be read from the scale of the micrometer drums. The scale division (SD) is 5 µm. eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but If not specified otherwise, the testing telescope is adjusted to infinity at 56 nm wave. djustment to other distances or waves is also possible on demand. The nomenclature of the testing telescopes with straight ing and mechanical double micrometer is as follows: Example: F G 50/ 0/ 1,7 MD 16 COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS α Focal diameter Eyepiece focal Double micrometer Ø 5 UTOCOIMTORS MODUES pplication examples (additional collimator required): Measurement of deflection angles Parallelism measurement of uncoated flats SD FG 300/65/1,7 MD ,6 3, FG 500/65/1,7 MD , 2, FG 500T/65/1,7 MD , 2, ,5 16,7 0,9 31,5 f7 c e1 d a d e2 c b 88 MODUES RETICES RETICES IGNMENT SYSTEMS IGNMENT SYSTEMS SD FG 50/0/1,7 MD ,2 20, FG 90/0/1,7 MD ,0 11, FG 10/0/1,7 MD ,2 7, FG 200/0/1,7 MD ,8 5, FG 300/0/1,7 MD ,6 3, FG 500/0/1,7 MD , 2, Subject to change without prior notice 29 Ø D SD D a b c d e1 e FG 600/128/1,7 MD ,30 1,7 Ø 128 f FG 1100/105/1,7 MD ,16 1,0 Ø 105 f

6 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S 90 -VI EWI NG WITH DOUE M ICROMETE R COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS s with mechanical double micrometer allow the measurement of deflection angles in two directions. The movement of the eyepiece reticle in x- and y-direction in the image plane can be read from the scale of the micrometer drums. The scale division (SD) is 5 µm. The following figure shows the set-up of a testing telescope with 90 ing. In contrast to a testing telescope with straight ing the image appears upright and laterally reversed. eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but If not specified otherwise, the testing telescope is adjusted to infinity at 56 nm wave. djustment to other distances or waves is also possible on demand. The nomenclature of the testing telescopes with 90 -ing and mechanical double micrometer is as follows: Example: 90 ing Focal diameter Eyepiece focal Double micrometer F R 50/ 0/ 1,7 MD f7 2,5 SD FR 50/0/1,7 MD ,2 20, , FR 90/0/1,7 MD ,0 11, , FR 10/0/1,7 MD ,2 7, , FR 200/0/1,7 MD ,8 5, , FR 300/0/1,7 MD ,6 3, , FR 500/0/1,7 MD , 2, ,5 COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS α MODUES pplication examples (additional collimator required): Please specify direction of use if reticles with lettering (e.g. co-ordinate division etc.) are used so that the lettering will be right-side-up. MODUES Measurement of deflection angles Parallelism measurement of uncoated flats IGNMENT SYSTEMS RETICES RETICES 30 Subject to change without prior notice 31 SD Ø FR 300/65/1,7 MD ,6 3, , FR 500/65/1,7 MD , 2, , FR 500T/65/1,7 MD , 2, ,0 IGNMENT SYSTEMS

7 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S STR IGHT VI E WI NG WITH DIGIT DOUE M ICROMETE R COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES s with digital double micrometer allow the measurement of deflection angles in two directions. The programmable measuring gauges allow the operator to read the angular displacement in arcsec or mrad. 0000,0 eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but If not specified otherwise, the testing telescope is adjusted to infinity at 56 nm wave. djustment to other distances or waves is also possible on demand. Please specify the unit of reading (mm or arcsec or mrad) when ordering. The nomenclature of the testing telescopes with straighting and digital double micrometer is as follows: Ø 5 16 COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS α 123,5 Example: Focal diameter Eyepiece focal Digital double micrometer F G 50/ 0/ 1,7 MDD Resolution FG 300/65/1,7 MDD ,0 1, FG 500/65/1,7 MDD ,5 0, FG 500T/65/1,7 MDD ,5 0,5 233 UTOCOIMTORS MODUES pplication examples (additional collimator required): Measurement of deflection angles MODUES Parallelism measurement of uncoated flats RETICES 2, RETICES IGNMENT SYSTEMS f7 c e1 d a d e2 c b 88 IGNMENT SYSTEMS Resolution FG 50/0/1,7 MDD ,6 5, FG 90/0/1,7 MDD ,0 5, FG 10/0/1,7 MDD ,0 2, FG 200/0/1,7 MDD , 2, FG 300/0/1,7 MDD ,0 1, FG 500/0/1,7 MDD ,5 0, Subject to change without prior notice 33 Ø D FG 600/128/1,7 MDD ,0 0,5 Ø 128 f FG 1100/105/1,7 MDD ,2 0,2 Ø 105 f Resolution D a b c d e1 e2

8 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S F OCUS DJ U STE WITH STR IGHT VI EWI NG COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS n adjustable focus telescope allows the distance between reticle and telescope objective to be adjusted for measurements made at other than infinity. dditionally, infinity can be set for different waves of light. (+)a ( )a f ( )z (+)z eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but The nomenclature of the focus adjustable telescope with straight ing is as follows: Example: F G V 90/ 0/ 1,7 ±6 Variable Focal diameter Eyepiece focal in mm 1,5 Ø , FGV 300/65/1,7/± ±25 2,0... 3, m ±25 3,8 m FGV 300/65/1,7/ ,0 2,1 m FGV 300/65/1,7/ ,0... 1,5 m FGV 500/65/1,7/± ±50 1,0...,5 m ±50 5, m FGV 500/65/1,7/ ,0 3,0 m FGV 500/65/1,7/ ,0... 1,5 m COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS MODUES pplication examples: djustment of optical and mechanical systems MODUES Qualitative testing of image quality of optical elements and systems (additional collimator required) Testing at different waves of light RETICES RETICES , IGNMENT SYSTEMS 65 f7 Ø FGV 90/0/1,7/± ±6 6,0... 1,25 m 77±6 1,0 m FGV 90/0/1,7/ ,0 0,80 m FGV 90/0/1,7/ ,0... 0,60 m FGV 10/0/1,7/± ±6,0... 3,10 m 77±6 3,30 m FGV 10/0/1,7/ ,0 1,70 m FGV 10/0/1,7/ ,0... 1,0 m 12 3 Subject to change without prior notice Ø 105 f FGV 1100/105/1,7/± ±50 0, ,70 m 202±50 25,80 m FGV 1100/105/1,7/ ,5 13,20 m FGV 1100/105/1,7/ , ,00 m IGNMENT SYSTEMS

9 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S F OCUS DJ U STE WITH 90 -VI EWI NG COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS n adjustable focus telescope allows the distance between reticle and telescope objective to be adjusted for measurements made at other than infinity. dditionally, infinity can be set for different waves of light. The following figure shows the set-up of a focusable telescope with 90 ing. In contrast to a telescope with straight ing the image appears upright and laterally reversed. ( )a ( )z (+)z pplication examples: djustment of optical and mechanical systems Qualitative testing of image quality of optical elements and systems (additional collimator required) Testing at different waves of light Telescope eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but can be equipped with eyepieces f=25 mm or f=10 mm on One reticle and one eyepiece are included in the The nomenclature of the focus adjustable testing telescopes with 90 -ing is as follows: Example: F R V 90/ 0/ 1,7 ±6 90 ing Variable Focal diameter Eyepiece focal in mm 1,5 Ø FRV 300/65/1,7/± ±25 2,0... 3, m ±25 3,8 m FRV 300/65/1,7/ ,0 2,1 m FRV 300/65/1,7/ ,0... 1,5 m FRV 500/65/1,7/± ±50 1,0...,5 m ±50 5, m FRV 500/65/1,7/ ,0 3,0 m FRV 500/65/1,7/ ,0... 1,5 m COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS MODUES (+)a Please specify direction of use if reticles with lettering are used so that the lettering will be right-side-up. MODUES RETICES RETICES IGNMENT SYSTEMS f7 Ø 52 Ø 105 f7 IGNMENT SYSTEMS FRV 90/0/1,7/± ±6 6,0... 1,25 m 60±6 176,5±6 1,0 m FRV 90/0/1,7/ ,0 0,80 m , FRV 90/0/1,7/ ,0... 0,60 m , FRV 10/0/1,7/± ±6,0... 3,10 m 60±6 176,5±6 3,30 m FRV 10/0/1,7/ ,0 1,70 m , FRV 10/0/1,7/ ,0... 1,0 m , FRV 1100/105/1,7/± ±50 0, ,70m 161±50 25,80 m FRV 1100/105/1,7/ ,5 13,20 m FRV 1100/105/1,7/ , ,00 m Subject to change without prior notice 37

10 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S F OCUS DJ U STE STR IGHT VI E WI NG WITH DOUE M ICROMETER COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS n adjustable focus telescope with mechanical double micrometer allows the distance between reticle and telescope objective to be adjusted for measurements made at other than infinity. dditionally, infinity can be set for different waves of light. The scale division (SD) of the micrometer drums is 5 µm. (+)a ( )a f ( )z (+)z Telescopes eyepiece is commonly f=1,7 mm but can be equipped with eyepieces f=25 mm or f=10 mm on One reticle and one eyepiece are included in the The nomenclature of the focus adjustable testing telescopes with straight ing and mechanical double micrometer is as follows: Example: Variable Focal diameter Eyepiece focal in mm Double micrometer F G V 90/ 0/ 1,7 ±6 MD 1,5 Ø , FGV 300/65/1,7/±25 MD ±25 0,6 3,5... 3, m ±25 3,8 m FGV 300/65/1,7/+50 MD ,6 3,5 2,1 m FGV 300/65/1,7/ 50 MD ,6 3,5... 1,5 m FGV 500/65/1,7/±50 MD ±50 0, 2,0...,5 m ±50 5, m FGV 500/65/1,7/+100 MD , 2,0 3,0 m FGV 500/65/1,7/ 100 MD , 2,0... 1,5 m SD COIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES UTOCOIMTORS MODUES pplication examples: djustment of optical and mechanical systems Qualitative testing of image quality of optical elements MODUES and systems (additional collimator required) Testing at different waves of light Measurement of deflection angles (add. collimator required) ,5 RETICES RETICES IGNMENT SYSTEMS 65 f7 Ø 52 Ø 105 f ,5 IGNMENT SYSTEMS FGV 90/0/1,7/±6 MD ±6 2,0 11,5... 1,25 m 77±6 1,0 m FGV 90/0/1,7/+12 MD ,0 11,5 0,80 m FGV 90/0/1,7/ 12 MD ,0 11,5... 0,60 m FGV 10/0/1,7/±6 MD ±6 1,2 7,5... 3,10 m 77±6 3,30 m FGV 10/0/1,7/+12 MD ,2 7,5 1,70 m FGV 10/0/1,7/ 12 MD ,2 7,5... 1,0 m 12 SD 38 Subject to change without prior notice FGV 1100/105/±50 MD ±50 0,16 1, ,70 m 202±50 25,80 m FGV 1100/105/+100 MD ,16 1,0 13,20 m FGV 1100/105/ 100 MD ,16 1, ,00 m SD

11 T E S T I N G T E E S C O P E S F OCUS DJ U STE STR IGHT-VI E WI NG WITH DIGIT DOUE M ICROMETE R MODUES UTOCOIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES COIMTORS n adjustable focus telescope with digital double micrometer allows the distance between reticle and telescope objective to be adjusted for measurements made at other than infinity. dditionally, infinity can be set for different waves of light. The programmable digital gauges of the telescope allow the operator to read directly angular displacement in arcsec or mrad. ( )a f 0000,0 0000,0 ( )z 0000,0 (+)z pplication examples: djustment of optical and mechanical systems Measurement of big radii of curvature (additional collimator required) djustment for different waves of light Measurement of deflection angles (additional collimator required) s can be equipped with eyepieces f=25 mm or f=10 mm on One reticle and eyepiece are included in the Please specify the unit of reading (mm or arcsec or mrad) when ordering. The nomenclature of the adjustable testing telescopes with straight ing and digital double micrometer is as follows: Example: Variable Focal diameter Eyepiece focal in mm Digital double micrometer F G V 90/ 0/ 1,7 ±6 MDD Ø Resolution FGV 300/65/1,7/±25 MDD ±25 1,0 0,5... 3, m ±25 3,8 m FGV 300/65/1,7/+50 MDD ,0 0,5 2,1 m FGV 300/65/1,7/ 50 MDD ,0 0,5... 1,5 m FGV 500/65/1,7/±50 MDD ±50 0,5 0,2...,5 m ±50 5, m FGV 500/65/1,7/+100 MDD ,5 0,2 3,0 m FGV 500/65/1,7/ 100 MDD ,5 0,2... 1,5 m MODUES UTOCOIMTORS TESTING TEESCOPES COIMTORS (+)a RETICES RETICES IGNMENT SYSTEMS f7 65 Ø 52 Resolution FGV 90/0/1,7/±6 MDD ±6 6,0 5,0... 1,25 m 77±6 1,0 m FGV 90/0/1,7/+12 MDD ,0 5,0 0,80 m FGV 90/0/1,7/ 12 MDD ,0 5,0... 0,60 m FGV 10/0/1,7/±6 MDD ±6,0 2,0... 3,10 m 77±6 3,30 m FGV 10/0/1,7/+12 MDD ,0 2,0 1,70 m FGV 10/0/1,7/ 12 MDD ,0 2,0... 1,0 m FGV 1100/105/1,7/±50 MDD 1100 ±50 0,5 0, ,7 m 161±50 25,8 m FGV 1100/105/1,7/+100 MDD ,5 0,1 13,2 m FGV 1100/105/1,7/ 100 MDD ,5 0, ,0 m Subject to change without prior notice 1 Ø 105 f Resolution 5 IGNMENT SYSTEMS