Supernova Remnant Kirsten Chan. Kepler s Supernova Remnant Photo Credit: NASA/CXC/NCSU/M.Burkey et al;

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1 Supernova Remnant Kirsten Chan Kepler s Supernova Remnant Photo Credit: NASA/CXC/NCSU/M.Burkey et al;

2 Definitions Supernova: Explosive death of a star, caused by onset of nuclear burning (Type 1) or an enormously energetic shock (Type 2) Supernova Remnant: The scattered glowing remains from a supernova (Chaisson et al. 2005)

3 Formation of Supernova Remnant

4 When a supernova explosion occurs, energy is released as Energetic neutrinos (majority) Kinetic Energy The kinetic energy accelerates through stellar material Causes shock waves to plows outwards into interstellar medium Interstellar medium gets enriched Expanding/additional material from blast travels to interstellar medium, and Supernova Remnants are formed (hearsarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/objects/snrs/snrstext.html)

5 Types of Supernova Remnants Shell Type Nothing in the center (ring-like structure) Supernova Remnant E Photo credit: NASA/CXC/SAO (Germany, et al. 1999)

6 Crab-like (aka. Plerions) Pulsar in the center (blob-like shape) Supernova Remnant: Crab Nebula Photo Credit: Malin/Pasachoff/Caltech (Germany, et al. 1999)

7 Composite Types Mix between Shell and Crab-like Supernova Remnant IC 433 Photo Credit: Jonathan Keohane (Germany, et al. 1999)

8 Article #1: Cooling neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant: Evidence for super fluidity in the core

9 Cassiopeia A Background Information The one of the youngest supernova remnant in the Milky Way Galaxy Approx light years away Approx 27 light years across Cassiopeia A Photo Credit: NASA/CXC/UNAM/Ioffe/D.Page,P.Shternin et al (Hwang et al. 2012)

10 Approx 330 year old Neutron Star Contains Carbon Atmosphere Declining surface temperature After a 10 year Chandra observation Studies concludes to ~4% temperature decline Declining surface temperature is explained by the neutrons star core becomes superfluid Produce a splash of neutrino emission due to cooper pair formation (Shternin et al. 2011)

11 Press Article: NASA s Chandra Finds New Evidence on Origin of Supernovas

12 Tycho Background Information Supernova remnant of Tycho was discovered in 1572 Estimated distance ~ light years Estimated Size: ~20 light years Supernova Remnant Tycho Photo Credit: NASA/CXC/Chinese Academy of Science/ F.Lu et al (Eriksen, et al. 2011)

13 Researchers study remnant of supernova Tycho In x-ray emission of the supernova remnant, found an arc This supports that shock waves created the arc Understanding Type 1a supernovas Properties of x-ray arc was able to determine Separation: 1/10 of distance from earth to sun Orbital Period: 5 days (CXC 2011)

14 Article #2: Supernova Evolution in an Interstellar Medium with Evaporating Clouds

15 Stages of Expansion Three standard stages of expanding supernova remnants Free Expansion Stage Adiabatic Radiactive Phase (White at al. 1991)

16 Mathematical models of evolution of a supernova remnant expansion in a cloudy interstellar medium Detailed calculations of Supernova Remnant Expansion in Cloudy Interstellar Medium X-ray, infrared, optical luminosities (White et al. 1991)

17 Summary Formation Classification Types Supernova Expansion Cassiopeia A Neutron s Star Supernova Evolution in Interstellar Medium with Evaporating Cloud Tycho Supernova Remnant

18 Work Cited Chaisson E, McMillan S Astronomy Today. 7 th ed. San Francisco, CA. Pearson Education Inc. CXC NASA S Chandra finds new Evidence on Origin of Supernovas. Chandra X-Ray Observatory. NASA. chandra.harvard.edu/press/11_releases/press_ html CXC Tycho s Supernova Remnant: Exploding Stars and Stripes. Chandra X-Ray Observatory. NASA. chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2011/tycho/ CXC Cassiopeia A: A Star Explodes and Turns Inside Out. Chandra X-Ray Observatory. NASA. chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2012/casa/ DoITPoMS Cooper Pair Formation. University of Cambridge. Germany L, Proctor R, Fluke C, Gaztelu A, Mackie G, et al Supernova Remnant Type. The SAO Encyclopedia of Astronomy. Swinburne University of Technology. astronomy.xwin.edu.au/cms/astro/cosmos/s/supernova+remnant+type Shternin P, Yakovlev D, Heinke C, Ho W, Patnaude D Cooling neutron star in the Cassiopeia A supernova remnant: evidence for superfluidity in the core. MNRAS. 412: White R, Long K Supernova Remnant Evolution in an Interstellar Medium with Evaporating Clouds. ApJ. 373: Introduction to Supernova Remnants. heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/objects/snrs/snrstext.html **Note: Other information is currently unavailable due to website shutdown