PROJECT PRESENTATION FOR DETERMINATION OF PRAYER TIMES IN THE POLAR ZONES

Transcription

1 PROJECT PRESENTATION FOR DETERMINATION OF PRAYER TIMES IN THE POLAR ZONES 1st PART : OBSERVATIONS MADE WHEN THE SUN DOES NOT RISE (STAYS BELOW THE HORIZON) Dates Of First Observation : JANUARY.2011 Location: TROMSO / NORWAY Position: 70 Latitude Northern Polar Zone

2 PROJECT PRODUCER SÜLEYMANİYE FOUNDATION Religion and Creation s Dispositions Centre

3 Participants of the research program Determination Of Prayer Times In The Polar Zones that was conducted at the latitude of 70 in Tromso, Norway: SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Prof. Dr. Abdulaziz BAYINDIR / I.Ü. Faculty of Divinity Prof. Dr. Adnan ÖKTEN / I.Ü. Physics Faculty Department of Astronomy Sciences Doc. Dr. Servet BAYINDIR / I.Ü. Faculty of Divinity TECHNICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE Halit MOLLAOĞLU / Süleymaniye Foundation Executive Board Member Hasan Mustafa ARSLAN / Süleymaniye Foundation Executive Board Member - Photos Mustafa EVLİ / Süleymaniye Foundation Executive Board Member - External Affairs and Organization Miktad ŞEN / Camera

4 Why is Determination of Prayer (Salat) Times in The Polar Zones Important? Salat is a kind of prayer ordered to the mankind to be done at specific times. The conditions of polar zones had not attracted the attention of religion men in the past centuries, since no Muslim communities used to reside in there. On the other hand, people from other religions have already forgotten that prayer (salat) was ordered to them, but they started to use this as a material to lie against the last prophet of Allah, that is Hz. Mohammad. Some religion men recommend to comply with the prayer times of Meccah or the prayer times of the closest location where the sun rises and sets for the polar zones. These fatwas, however cannot be proven and they do not rely on any concrete evidence. Some of these ideas even suppose that some of prayers are not due since related conditions are not met. We know that the prayer times are one of the most argued subjects eversince, especially over the internet. If Allah orders to pray five times a day to all the people on earth, related criteria must have already been set and clarified. The specific criteria for a person to discover or observe the prayer times, even when no devices to communicate or measure the time exist, must have been shown. Since the only excuse of salat is insanity, the Glorified Alllah must have set the times of this prayer clearly and no other way is possible... Süleymaniye Foundation Religion and Creation s Dispositions Centre has focused on this subject, just as many others, and started an extensive work on related concepts in the light of Qur an and Sunnah, while also comprising its opinion based on related science branch knowledge and experience. This opinion had to be clarified by a set of observations. The observations made at the city of Tromso, Norway, which is of 70 latitude in the northern polar zone, have really been clarifying and definitive. These definitive criteria must be known by everybody to be able to complete prayer and fasting (salat and sawm). Prayer Times will be introduced for global discussion by our foundation, after a series of onsite observations that will be completed this year.

5 AURORA (Polar Lights / Northern Lights) First Night s Surprise... Aurora occured while searching for the appropriate observation place at the night our team reached Tromso. This northern light is the consequence of explosions on the Sun and a rare event to observe, which excites the astronomy proffessor of our team, Prof. Dr. Adnan Ökten. The red rays of light intersecting the green rays are also part of aurora. Mentioned sky event has been subject to local news the next day. Information on Aurora and related photos can be found on the following link: y%29 Video of Aurora : 12 January 2011 Night Tromso/Norway Latitude 70

6 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso First observation was made in the morning of the arrival night in Tromso. Although the piece of land lying in the direction to observe sunrays added some more difficulty to local conditions, the sky was clear throughout the day. This clear sight was unexpected checking the last thirty year statistics of the area. The clear sky and positive weather conditions let all five prayer times to be observed with the naked eye.

7 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso 06:25 A.M. The horizon is pitch-dark

8 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso 07:05 A.M. The horizon is pitch-dark The Sun is 14 o Below The Horizon

9 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso

10 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso 07:15 A.M. Slight lllumination At The Horizon The Altair Star The Sun is 13,5 o Below The Horizon

11 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso 07:30 A.M. The horizon is illuminating, but the white line has not emerged, yet. The Altair Star The Sun is 12 o Below The Horizon

12 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso

13 Eat and drink, until the white line of fajr appear to you distinct from its black line. Then, complete the fast until the evening. Al-Baqarah 2/187 The Horizon is the apparent boundary between earth and sky. The fajr time begins when the illumination starts to expand along the horizon in the east in the morning. The piece of earth between the horizon and the person observing the horizon appears as a black line. The horizon line is clear to the eye since the sky starts to illuminate. The person who is going to fast, needs to quit eating and drinking from this moment on. This time is also the beginning of morning prayer time. And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the hours of the night that are nearer the day. Surely, good works drive away evil works. This is the correct information for those who use their knowledge. Hood 11/114 From the westwards declension of the sun till the darkness of the night, and when the fajr (the first lights of morning) condenses, keep up the prayer. The condensation at fajr is clear to the eye. Isra 17/78

14 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso 07:45 A.M. The white line above the horizon is clearing. BEGINNING OF MORNING PRAYER FAJR TIME The Sun is 11 o Below The Horizon

15 Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso 07:45 A.M. BEGINNING OF MORNING PRAYER DIFFERENT ANGLE FAJR TIME The Sun is 11 o Below The Horizon

16 08:45 A.M. ILLUMINATION REACHES THE WESTERN HORIZON SUNRISE Illustration of SUN The Sun is 4 Degrees Below The Horizon Morning Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso

17 DHUHR TIME OBSERVATION 13 January 2011 TROMSO 70 Northern Latitude

18 Sun is 0.5 o PRAYER IN POLAR ZONES Dhuhr Time Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso Below The Horizon 11:55 A.M. The Sun has moved westwards from the meridian. DHUHR PRAYER TIME From the westwards declension of the Sun till the darkness of the night, and when the fajr (the first lights of morning) condenses, keep up the prayer. The condensation at fajr is clear to the eye. (Isra 17/78) And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the hours of the night that are nearer the day. Surely, good works drive away evil works. This is the correct information for those who use their knowledge. (Hood, 11/114) Illustration of Meridian This is the moment when the shadows are neither to the left nor to the right of the objects. When the shadows begin moving towards left (as we are faced with the Sun), it is known that the dhuhr prayer time is due. Illustration 11:55 A.M. of Dhuhr Prayer Time The Sun is 0.5 Degrees Below The Horizon SUN Illustration of the Horizon

19 Dhuhr Time Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso 11:55 A.M. DHUHR PRAYER TIME DIFFERENT ANGLE Illustration of Meridian Dispersion Arc Of Dhuhr-time Rays Illustration of SUN The Sun is 0.5 Degrees Below The Horizon

20 ASR TIME OBSERVATION 13 January 2011 TROMSO 70 Northern Latitude

21 Asr Time Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso 1:10 P.M. DHUHR PRAYER TIME IS STILL DUE

22 Asr Time Observation 13 January 2011 Tromso From the westwards declension of the Sun till the darkness of the night, and when the fajr (the first lights of morning) condenses, keep up the prayer. The condensation at fajr is clear to the eye. (Isra 17/78) 1:25 P.M. ASR PRAYER TIME And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the hours of the night that are nearer the day. Surely, good works drive away evil works. This is the correct information for those who use their knowledge. (Hood, 11/114) Dispersion Arc Of Asr Time Rays The Sun is 1.75 Degrees Below The Horizon Illustration of SUN

23 COMPARISON OF DHUHR AND ASR TIME SUNRAYS DISPERSION ARCS Illustration of Meridian This is to compare the locations of Sun below the horizon at dhuhr and asr prayer times. 11:55 A.M. DHUHR PRAYER TIME Dispersion Arc Of Dhuhr Time Rays 1:25 P.M. ASR PRAYER TIME Dispersion Arc Of Asr Time Rays Illustration of Horizon The Sun is 0.5 Degrees Below The Horizon Illustration of SUN The Sun is 1.75 Degrees Below The Horizon Illustration of SUN

24 MAGHRIB TIME OBSERVATION 13 January 2011 TROMSO 70 Northern Latitude

25 13 January 2011 Tromso 2:55 P.M. EASTERN HORIZON BEGINS DARKENING MAGHRIB PRAYER TIME The Sun is 7 Degrees Below The Horizon And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the hours of the night that are nearer the day. Surely, good works drive away evil works. This is the correct information for those who use their knowledge. (Hood, 11/114) From the westwards declension of the sun till the darkness of the night, and when the fajr (the first lights of morning) condenses, keep up the prayer. The condensation at fajr is clear to the eye. (Isra 17/78)

26 13 January 2011 Tromso MAGHRIB PRAYER TIME IS STILL DUE 3:32 P.M. South-Western Sky 3:32 P.M. North-Eastern Sky The Sun is 8 Degrees Below the Horizon

27 ISHA A TIME OBSERVATION 13 January 2011 TROMSO 70 Northern Latitude

28 13 January 2011 Tromso 4:20 P.M. ISHA A PRAYER TIME The Sun is 8,5 Degrees Below the Horizon

29 13 January 2011 Tromso 4:30 P.M. ISHA A PRAYER TIME IS STILL DUE The Sun is 9 Degrees Below the Horizon

30 13 January 2011 Tromso 5:28 P.M. BEGINNING OF PITCH-DARK END OF ISHA A PRAYER TIME From the westwards declension of the sun till the darkness of the night, and when the fajr (the first lights of morning) condenses, keep up the prayer. The condensation at fajr is clear to the eye. (İsra 17/78) The Sun is 18 Degrees Below the Horizon And keep up prayer in the two parts of the day and in the hours of the night that are nearer the day. Surely, good works drive away evil works. This is the correct information for those who use their knowledge. (Hood, 11/114)

31 14 January 2011 Tromso 4:08 P.M. Norway, TROMSO (70 Northern Latitude) SUNSET Local Hour: 4:08 P.M. Direction: SOUTHWEST This is the panoramic view of three photos that are taken at manual settings from the cable-car location of Tromso at a higher altitude than city centre one day after previous shootings.

32 PRESENTOR: THANKS!