Optics in Russia's Space Science Program. Oleg Korablev, IKI-Russian Space Research Institute

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1 Optics in Russia's Space Science Program Oleg Korablev, IKI-Russian Space Research Institute

2 Russia's Space Science Program Project of Federal Space Programme ( ) Proposal by Roscosmos Proposal by the Academy of Science Joint deliberations (Roscosmos + Space Council) Submission to the Government End of 2014 Approval by the Government Federal Space Programme = Federal Law

3 Astronomy Integral Radioastron Spectrum X Spectrum UV Gamma-400, HECRD Spectrum-M Candidate project Planets Phobos-Grunt Venus Express Mars Express ExoMars Bepi Colombo Phobos Sample Return JUICE Candidate project Moon Small Lander Orbiter Large Lander Luna-Grunt Candidate project Solar-terrestrial Coronas Arc Resonance Interhelioprobe Candidate project

4 Key players High-energy astrophysics; X-ray optics: Mikhail Pavlinsky, IKI UV Observatory: Boris Shustov, Mikhail Sachkov, INASAN, X-ray and visible observations of the Sun: Sergei Kuzin, Lebedev Inst. (FIAN) mm and sub-mm space observatory: Nikolai Kardashev, Sergei Kovalev, Astro Space Center FIAN Optical instruments for planetary research, Genrikh Avanesov, Roman Bessonov, Oleg Korablev, IKI

5 Launch planned in 2017 Science management: IKI RAS Spacecraft: Lavochkin Association L2 Halo-orbit Transfer time to L2 point vicinity days min/max X (*1000 km): -200/400 min/max Y (*1000 km): -1100/1100 min/max Z (*1000 km): -400/400 Shadow intervals restriction Available characteristic velocity Tsh< 2 h 220 m/sec

6 СРГ erosita & ART-XC Effective surface and coverage 2500 cm 1.4 kev 1100 cm 2 grad 1.4 kev 500 cm 9 kev 50 cm 2 grad 9 kev 6

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9 IKI

10 Mirror Systems: VNIIEF vs MSFT design

11 T-170M telescope Spectrum UV of WSO-UV Mikhail Sachkov, Boris Shustov, Ana Ines Gomez de Castro. Adv. Space Res Launch planned in 2018 Science management: Institute of Astronomy, RAS (INASAN) Technical management: Lavochkin Association Spectrometers WUVS: nm, INASAN, VNIIEF Sarov (detectors from RAL&e2v) ISSIS: R=1000, 0.5 arcsec Spain (?) Auxiliary electronics: IKI

12 T-170M telescope status, LA Primary mirror Al+MgF 2 coating (Denton vacuum camera) The telescope Secondary mirror

13 The primary mirror quality rms 0.75 nm Before coating 1 nm after coating (NanoCam Sq Dynamic Profiler) 13

14 Fine guidance system FGS STM done FGS EM done FGS QM,FM procurement of components FGS QM under construction FGS EM

15 The instrument compartment

16 WUVS CAD model

17 Partially assembled WUVS EM,

18 WUVS optical model Simplified optical model on laboratory optical bench was done at GOI. WUVS optical model to operate inside vacuum chamber - under construction ( ) Simplified optical model View from entrance slit Simplified optical model System of entrance slit illumination

19 WUVS optical model, Day light spectrum

20 WUVS optical elements Echelle grating, ITMO, Echelle holographic grating, GIPO, FUV and NUV calibration lamp (PtNe) manufactured GOI

21 ISSIS STM was received at ISSIS STM

22 Spaceborne Spectrometers Classical schemes Mars 96 Mars Express Venus Express Phobos-Grunt Lunar ExoMars ISS Bepi Colombo Geophysics AOTF Echelle-AOTF Fourier TDLAS

23 ExoMars 2016 Spectral range Inst. range Spectral resolution Mass: 33.5 kg Dimensions: mm 3 ACS/MIR µm µm > Power consumption: Data rate: 55 W (ave) 1600 Mbit/day ACS/NIR µm ACS/TIR µm ~0.17 µm full range > cm -1 occ cm - 1 nadir NIR MIR TIR NIR TIR Nadir day Nadir night TIR NIR MIR TIR

24 ACS ACS Atmospheric Chemistry Suite: three spectrometers TIRVIM Fourier-spectrometer NIR MIR Crosseddispersion Echellespectrometer Pls. ref to talk by A. Trokhimovsky 13C; 10:00 on Friday Echelle-AOTF spectrometer Korablev et al., JARS 2014 BE

25 ACS NIR Near-IR, echelle-aotf spectrometer Spectral range: μm (not covered by other instruments) Spectral resolving power l/dl: ~ Operation modes: Nadir, Solar Occultation FOV: 30 x 0.3 mrad Mass / Power / Data rate: 3.5 kg / 15 W / 0.5 Gbit/day

26 ACS NIR Main elements XSW-640: cooled shortwave infrared (SWIR) module TE1 cooled InGaAs array 640 x 512 pixels 0.4 to 1.7 µm bandwidth (extended) 20 µm pixel pitch 50 Hz frame rate 180 mm 100 mm 300 mm Telescope+AOTF block custom TeO 2 AOTF bandpass 70 cm -1 RGL/Newport custom size echelle grating gr/mm Collimator: Diamond turning off-axis aluminum parabolic mirror F=200 mm on a stressrelief mount

27 Laboratory prototype ACS NIR

28 ACS MIR MIR: Mid-IR Echelle/cross-dispersion Spectral range: μm Instantaneous coverage: nm ranges per measurement Spectral resolving power: > FOV: 0.1 x 2.9 mrad Aperture ratio 1:3 Operation modes: Solar Occultation Operation rate 1-2 images/s S/N >500 Mass/ Power / Data: 12 kg / 20 W / 1.2 Gbit per day Dimensions 460 x 200 x 440 mm

29 ACS TIR Parameters Spectral range: 2 25 μm ( cm -1 ) Best spectral resolution: 0.2 cm -1 (apodized, OPD = 6 cm max) Interferogram duration: 2 s (shift at Mars surface: 7 km) FOV: 2.5 (dia17 km at Mars surface / nadir) Cube corners aperture 2 inch Observation modes: Nadir, solar occultation Pointing: Internal 1-axis Flight calibrations: Internal BB, space

30 TIRVIM Laboratory prototype ACS TIR 1: Spider of pyrodetector parabolic mirror 2: Bottom wall 3: DFB-Laser Diode 4: Retroreflector 5: Stirling cooler 6: Stirling radiator 7: Dewar with PV-MCT detector 8: ZnSe lens 9: Flat mirror 10: Beam-Splitter 11: Base wall 12: Sun inlet (periscope) 13: Base wall 14: Scaner module 15: Interferometer body

31 TIRVIM first light Recent results

32 STM BE equivalent to PFM flight MLI (not shown) Problem with 6 Vespel feet on vibration: titanium feet being fabricated. STM delivery date not affected

33 Imaging for Planetary Missions VEGA Phobos-88 Mars 96 Phobos-Grunt Lunar Missions ExoMars 2018 lander HSRC 2x WAC 2x NAC Orbital Cam LSTC Lander Stereo 5x WAC Lander Stereo 4x WAC Imaging systems Stellar sensors Solar sensors

34 Laboratory of X-ray astronomy of the Sun, Lebedev Ph. Inst. RAS TESIS solar telescope and imaging spectrometer ~ , 13.4 and 30.4 nm He 30.4 Coronas-Foton (Feb-Dec 2009) A number of instruments in EUV and in the visible rage are planned for Interhelioprobe project. Kuzin, S. et al., Solar Syst. Res. 2011

35 Astronomy Integral Radioastron Spectrum X Spectrum UV Gamma-400, HECRD Spectrum-M Candidate project Planets Phobos-Grunt Venus Express Mars Express ExoMars Bepi Colombo Phobos Sample Return JUICE Candidate project Moon Small Lander Orbiter Large Lander Luna-Grunt Candidate project Solar-terrestrial Coronas Arc Resonance Interhelioprobe Candidate project

36 Acknowledgements Mikhail Pavlinsky, Genrikh Avanesov, Roman Bessonov,IKI Boris Shustov, Mikhail Sachkov, INASAN, Sergei Kuzin, Lebedev Inst. (FIAN)